scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF OIL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUSES FOR DEWAXING OIL WITH RECEIVING COMMODITY ASPHALT RESINOUS PARAFFIN PRODUCT

Author(s):  
Daniyar Sapsyzbaevich Mamitov ◽  
Marina Aleksandrovna Marysheva ◽  
Nickolai Dmitrievich Shishkin

The analysis of the existing design of field apparatuses for dewaxing and crystallizing has shown their essential shortcomings which do not allow their use as field apparatuses for dewaxing oil. For elimination of these shortcomings there has been offered a design of a field apparatus for dewaxing oil using a continuous thermal hydrocyclone with the cooling and warming jacket. The characteristics of the process of asphalt resinous paraffin product receiving have been studied: temperature of melting - 54°C, crystallization temperature - 56°C, melting and crystallization heat - 189 kJ/kg, speed of sedimentation of solid particles - 1.6 · 10-3 m/s. Key parameters of the field apparatus for dewaxing oil are evaluated: height of each of 10 field apparatus for dewaxing oil bodies will make 1.0 m, diameter of the installation is 0.5 m. For conditions of V. Filanovsky field in the Northern Caspian Sea apparatus productivity on oil will make 648 t/h, on asphalt resinous paraffin product - of 19 t/h.

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng He ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Tie Jun Ge ◽  
Xue Quan Zhang ◽  
Chun Yu Zhang

The melting and crystallization behaviors of Polypropylene/Syndiotactic1,2-polybutadiene (PP/s-PB) blends and neat PP were studied by using DSC, the results showed that the presence of s-PB in PP would have a strong impact on the crystallization capacity of PP. The presence of s-PB in PP could increase the crystallization temperature(Tc) of PP, and the s-PB could obviously lower supercooling temperature(Tm-Tc) of PP, but the s-PB in PP have a Slightly influence on the melting temperature(Tm) of PP. The proposed reason for those are that the crosslinking s-PB in high temperature is a nucleator for PP’s crystallization and increases PP’s crystalline rate. However, the s-PB lowers PP’s crystallinity. At the same time, the presence of PP in blends lowers s-PB’s crystallinity, but the PP in blends have a Slightly influence on the melting temperature(Tm) and crystallization temperature(Tc) of s-PB.


Author(s):  
A. I. Kanak ◽  
L. M. Kanak ◽  
S. V. Solodin ◽  
O. V. Kopach

The crystalline CsPbBr3 was synthesized from CsBr (6N) and PbBr2 (5N) by the mechanochemical method with further fusion in quartz ampoule at 640-650 °С. After synthesis, the structure and chemical composition of the obtained material was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The melting and crystallization of the obtained perovskite were investigated by the differential thermal analysis (DTA) with heating/cooling rates of 1, 5 and 10 °C/min. Measurements were carried on the self-constructed DTA-setup with S-type thermocouples in the range of 450-590 °C. Each cycle of heating/cooling was repeated three times to confirm the accuracy of the results obtained. A decrease in the melting point from ~ 568.1 °C to ~ 566.2 °C was demonstrated with an increase in the heating rate from 1 °C/min. up to 10 °C/min. respectively. Probably, it's due to the approach to equilibrium conditions of phase transformations at lower heating rates. We recorded an additional-endothermic effect during CsPbBr3 melting. This may indicate a complex process of melting the compound. The thesis of a two-stage melting mechanism of CsPbBr3 perovskite with an initial stage of fragmentation of the crystalline structure and subsequent dissolution of crystalline phase residues is proposed. It is reported that with increasing of the melt heating above a certain "critical" temperature (579-585 °C), its homogenization occurs, and the crystallization temperature is set at 540-550 °C for the heating/cooling rate of 1 ° C/min. and 538-543 °C for the rate of 5-10° C/min. All obtained data confirm the assumption of a two-step melting process of CsPbBr3 perovskite, and the relatively constant crystallization temperature after a critical point of overheating may also indicate a certain structure of the melt of the compound with short-range order in the arrangement of the structural units of the compound in the liquid phase.


Author(s):  
В.В. Ковалев ◽  
К.Ю. Гамбург

Статья посвящена изучению распределения железа в водной взвеси Среднего Каспия. Актуальность работыопределяется необходимостью оценки естественного состоя­ния морской среды и фиксации ее базового состояния (в том числе различных форм химических элементов) для дальнейшего использования с целью мониторинга экологической ситуации на шельфе Каспийского моря в условиях интенсификации геологоразве­дочных работ и разработки месторождений нефти. Цель работы. Установить характерные особенности поведения взвешенного железа в водах Среднего Каспия. Материалы и методы работы. Изучался материал, отобранный в 1989-1990 годах в ходе выполнения рейсов исследовательских судов. Принадлежащих Каспийскому НИИ рыбного хозяйства, до начала освоения нефтегазовых месторождений. Он представлен отфильтрованными частицами взвеси из 178 проб воды, взятых из различных слоев водной толщи на 63 станциях. Определение содержаний железа проводилось на спектрографе PGS-2 способом испарения. Результаты работы. Минимальные концентрации взвешенной формы железа в поверхностном слое водной толщи установлены на участке внутреннего шельфа и подводного склона котловины Среднего Каспия, что связано с выносом твердых частиц дрейфовыми течениями. Концентрации взвешенной формы железа в поверхностном слое возрастают к середине моря, что обусловлено стягиванием взвешенных частиц центростремительными силами циклонального течения. Придонный слой отличается повышенными концентрациями взвешенной формы железа. Возле дельт рек они связаны с оседанием выносимых с суши твердых частиц. Аномально высокие содержания взвешенной формы железа в придонном горизонте центральной части Среднекаспийской котловины, фиксируемые на отдельных станциях, обусловлены поступлением железа с эманациями донных грязевых вулканов и его коагуляцией в условиях щелочной среды. В целом, с увеличением глубины наблюдается последовательный рост концентраций взвешенной формы железа. Это связано с изменением солености и усилением вертикальной стратификации (уменьшением солености поверхностного горизонта и увеличением солености глубоких слоев). Это приводит к коагу­ляции и флокуляции органических и металлор­ганических коллоидов и переводу растворенного железа во взвесь The article is devoted to the study of the distribution of iron in the water suspension of the Middle Caspian Sea. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to assess the natural state of the marine environment and fix its basic state (including various forms of chemical elements) for further use in order to monitor the environmental situation on the shelf of the Caspian Sea in the conditions of intensification of exploration and development of oil fields. Aim. To establish the characteristic features of the behavior of suspended iron in the waters of the Middle Caspian. Materials and methods. The material selected in 1989-1990 during the voyages of research vessels was studied. owned by the Caspian Research Institute of Fisheries, before the development of oil and gas fields. It is represented by filtered suspended particles from 178 water samples taken from various layers of the water column at 63 stations. Determination of iron content was carried out on the PGS-2 spectrograph by evaporation. Results. The minimum concentrations of the suspended form of iron inthe surface layer of the water column were established on the section of the inner shelf and the underwater slope of the Middle Caspian basin, which is associated with the removal of solid particles by drift currents. The concentrations of the suspended form of iron in the surface layer increase towards the middle of the sea, which is caused by the contraction of suspended particles by the centripetal forces of the cyclonic current. The bottom layer is characterized by increased concentrations of the suspended form of iron. Near river deltas, they are associated with the subsidence of solid particles carried out from the land. Abnormally high concentrations of suspended iron in the bottom horizon of the central part of the Middle Caspian basin, recorded at individual stations, are due to the influx of iron with emanations of bottom mud volcanoes and its coagulation in an alkaline environment. In general, with increasing depth, there is a consistent increase in the concentrations of the suspended form of iron. This is due to a change in salinity and an increase in vertical stratification (a decrease in the salinity of the surface horizon and an increase in the salinity of the deep layers). This leads to coagulation and flocculation of organic and organometallic colloids and the transfer of dissolved iron into suspension.


2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1111-1114
Author(s):  
Cai Jun Zhang ◽  
Dong Mei Tu ◽  
Min Hu

Influence of TiN(0.5%~2.5%) and TiO2(1%~5%) on melting and crystalline temperature have been studied and analyzed in ferritic stainless steel containing titanium mold powder. The results show that with the increasing TiN content from 0.5% to 2.5%, the melting and crystallization temperature of mold power change between 1053~1082°C and 951~981°C respectively. With TiO2 content from 1% to 2%, the melting temperature is lower from 1066°C to 1047°C. As the content of TiO2 increasing to 5%, melting temperature increases obviously to 1077°C. TiO2 has less effect on the crystallization temperature of mold power.


Author(s):  
N. Rozhanski ◽  
A. Barg

Amorphous Ni-Nb alloys are of potential interest as diffusion barriers for high temperature metallization for VLSI. In the present work amorphous Ni-Nb films were sputter deposited on Si(100) and their interaction with a substrate was studied in the temperature range (200-700)°C. The crystallization of films was observed on the plan-view specimens heated in-situ in Philips-400ST microscope. Cross-sectional objects were prepared to study the structure of interfaces.The crystallization temperature of Ni5 0 Ni5 0 and Ni8 0 Nb2 0 films was found to be equal to 675°C and 525°C correspondingly. The crystallization of Ni5 0 Ni5 0 films is followed by the formation of Ni6Nb7 and Ni3Nb nucleus. Ni8 0Nb2 0 films crystallise with the formation of Ni and Ni3Nb crystals. No interaction of both films with Si substrate was observed on plan-view specimens up to 700°C, that is due to the barrier action of the native SiO2 layer.


Author(s):  
F. Khoury ◽  
L. H. Bolz

The lateral growth habits and non-planar conformations of polyethylene crystals grown from dilute solutions (<0.1% wt./vol.) are known to vary depending on the crystallization temperature.1-3 With the notable exception of a study by Keith2, most previous studies have been limited to crystals grown at <95°C. The trend in the change of the lateral growth habit of the crystals with increasing crystallization temperature (other factors remaining equal, i.e. polymer mol. wt. and concentration, solvent) is illustrated in Fig.l. The lateral growth faces in the lozenge shaped type of crystal (Fig.la) which is formed at lower temperatures are {110}. Crystals formed at higher temperatures exhibit 'truncated' profiles (Figs. lb,c) and are bound laterally by (110) and (200} growth faces. In addition, the shape of the latter crystals is all the more truncated (Fig.lc), and hence all the more elongated parallel to the b-axis, the higher the crystallization temperature.


2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Panuccio ◽  
Bahareh Ghafouri ◽  
Elham Nourani
Keyword(s):  

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