scholarly journals Role of society marginalization in spreading crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
V.I. Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
And Migration

The relevance of a problem of marginalization for the current state of crisis in Ukraine is considered in the article. Such social phenomena as violation of the principle of equality, sharp social delimitation, unemployment, inflation, corruption, poverty are the determining factors nowadays; they contribute to the marginalization of society. The special type of the personality with a crisis or catastrophic consciousness has already formed.         The origin of the term "marginal man" is studied. The essence of marginalization and its causes, among which the main place is taken by transformational processes in society, which are always accompanied by an increase of negative phenomena in the spheres of economy, politics and spiritual life is characterized. In particular, marginalization of society promotes the imposition of Western values, which are not always acceptable to the mentality of Ukrainians. It leads to the alienation of citizens, their apathy and cynicism, mistrust of power. Such factors as the poorly thought-out national and migration policy of the state, the expansion of cultural ties between peoples, the availability of information through the Internet can contribute to the formation of the phenomenon of marginal person. Migrants, unattended minors, persons engaged in vagrancy or begging, persons without a definite place of residence, persons who do not have a permanent place of employment, prisoners, persons who were convicted, sentenced, released from prison and did not try to make some lifestyle changes, persons involved in prostitution, chronic alcoholics, drug addicts; toxicants and others belong to the category of people who have the marginal lifestyle.           A characteristic feature of the marginal personality is legal nihilism. A typical form of manifestation of the legal nihilism of marginalized groups can be called a deliberate violation of current legal acts, massive non-compliance with legal requirements. The lack of norms generates a total criminalization of social relations. It is grounded that the marginal situation can be a serious crime-causing factor. Marginal persons are often the victims of various crimes or criminals. The marginal lifestyle usually precedes the commission of crimes, and the deepening and spreading of marginalization processes negatively affects the quantitative and qualitative state of crime.

scholarly journals A társadalmi struktúra meghatározottsága és funkciói

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-157
Author(s):  
Zoltán Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
The Way

In the first part of the paper I deal with the determination of social structure. On the one hand, I point out the major determining factors of social structure, based on the way I analyzed the determining factors of social relations and the mechanism creating social relations in the theory of institutional sociology. On the other hand, I deal with the issue that social structure, as interpreted by the various structural or categorical structure conceptions, is closely related to the social structure in my conception. In the second part of the paper, I discuss the functions or consequences of social structure. In my view, it is the sphere of social life, and within this, the sphere of everyday social life within which the social structure directly and tightly determines the most signifi cant features of phenomena, of social phenomena in a narrower sense. However, through the determination of social status-stratifi cation, in the longer run through that of subcultures and milieus and the individual’s certain personal characteristics, social structure, with some probability, determines indirectly the way of life of individuals in the spheres of private and community life also.

‘Restore Moscow to the Muscovites’: Othering ‘the migrants’ in the 2013 Moscow mayoral elections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Blakkisrud ◽  
Pål Kolstø
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Mayoral Elections ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Russian Identity

Russia encompasses the world’s second-largest migrant population in absolute numbers. This chapter explores the role migrants play in contemporary Russian identity discourse, focusing on the topic that ordinary Muscovites identified as most important during the 2013 Moscow mayoral election campaign: the large number of labour migrants in the capital. It explores how the decision to open up the elections into a more genuine contest compelled the regime candidate, incumbent mayor Sergei Sobianin, to adopt a more aggressive rhetoric on migration than otherwise officially endorsed by the Kremlin. The chapter concludes that the Moscow electoral experiment, allowing other candidates than the regime’s own hand-picked, ‘controllable’ sparring partners to run, contributed to pushing the borders of what mainstream politicians saw as acceptable positions on migrants and migration policy.

scholarly journals The Struggle Against Torture: Challenges, Assumptions and New Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Tobias Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract This short essay offers a broad and necessarily incomplete review of the current state of the human rights struggle against torture and ill-treatment. It sketches four widespread assumptions in that struggle: 1) that torture is an issue of detention and interrogation; 2) that political or security detainees are archetypal victims of torture; 3) that legal reform is one of the best ways to fight torture; and 4) that human rights monitoring helps to stamp out violence. These four assumptions have all played an important role in the history of the human rights fight against torture, but also resulted in limitations in terms of the interventions that are used, the forms of violence that human rights practitioners respond to, and the types of survivors they seek to protect. Taken together, these four assumptions have created challenges for the human rights community in confronting the multiple forms of torture rooted in the deep and widespread inequality experienced by many poor and marginalized groups. The essay ends by pointing to some emerging themes in the fight against torture, such as a focus on inequality, extra-custodial violence, and the role of corruption.

scholarly journals The effect of physical exercise and caloric restriction on the components of metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal ◽  
Mariana Dutilh de Capitani ◽  
Julio Tirapegui
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Recent studies of the effects of physical exercise and caloric restriction have found several benefits on the metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors related to metabolic syndrome (MS). This review examines the current state of knowledge of the effects of physical exercise on the main pathologies associated with MS: obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemias and hypertension. Although there are only a few randomized and controlled studies that evaluated the prevention and treatment of MS, strong evidence from controlled studies indicates that lifestyle changes that include regular physical exercise and caloric restriction are effective in preventing and treating DM2 in overweight individuals with reduced glucose tolerance. Likewise, epidemiologic studies suggest that regular physical exercise prevents the development of DM2 and cardiovascular disease. Based on current recommendations, it is important to increase the level of physical exercise at a moderate intensity to achieve good cardiorespiratory and muscular conditions and to promote fat mass reduction, with consequent reductions of risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Per-Operation Reusability Based Allocation and Migration Policy for Hybrid Cache

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsik Oh ◽  
Kwangsu Kim ◽  
Duheon Choi ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
Eui-Young Chung
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Hybrid Cache ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Positioning Myself Between West and East

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Xinnan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Public ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Holding Back

Why would communications scholars want to present their positionality to the public? This was the first question I asked myself when I came across the term "positionality". Throughout my studies, I have approached communication as social science, and I have thought about communications researchers as scientists. I certainly understand that the objects of research in social science are social phenomena such as social relations and institutions, and that these are difficult to explain with quantitative data most of the time. But for me, being a scientist means holding back personal emotions and being objective in the production of knowledge about society. I believe that even a single case study should offer explanations not just of its immediate context, but also of broader social problems or phenomena.

scholarly journals LEGAL CULTURE AS A FACTOR OF LEGITIMACY OF THE SOCIAL AND LEGAL ORDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-477
Author(s):  
Evgeny M. Shumkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

In sociology, the interest in order is determined, among other things, by the identification of various factors that labilize and determine it. The factor under consideration, as a subject, is objectively difficult for social analysis and practical application of its results. Among the trigger reasons are legal culture and legitimacy, which are studied in this theoretical work from heuristic and analytical perspectives. It is assumed that legal culture, as a set of values aggregated by society and the state, can itself act as a factor of legitimacy for such an order. The disclosure of heuristic interest is carried out through legal consciousness of a person, a conscious choice of the model of rational (for oneself or the state) behavior, and the work of socio-legal institutions. Identifying the immanent signs of legal culture, we come to a conclusion that the critical mass of socially accumulated and legal knowledge provokes a qualitative leap in the development of both social and legal orders. This development determines the formation of an architecture of not only social but also nomological values, which creates the necessary conditions for the stability of social relations according to the objective rules provided by the legislator. The author emphasizes the impossibility of predetermining the primacy of the values under consideration since social and normative actions ensure the necessary balance of interests that are corresponding in nature, where unsatisfied frustrating expectations are considered as the main problems. Such expectations are associated with the violation of this balance, expressed in the permanent conflict between law and law enforcement, as the quintessence of the penetrating clash of social and legal orders, where society insists on defeating part of the monopoly on violence in the case of citizens’ deviant behavior and demilitarization of the work of legal institutions that is related to the condemnation of non-conformity, and where the state protects the objectivity of the rules of conduct and the extension of their sphere of influence by giving them legitimacy. The considered social order is seen as the basis for such an organization of life in society where the state acts as a moderator, introducing norms as irreducible standards of responsibility of each individual, correcting his behavior model towards rationality through legal culture that ensures legal awareness, conformity and legitimacy of socio-legal institutions. Legal culture laid down by society and supported by the state makes it possible to adopt a rational model of behavior in society and to make it resistant to destructive social phenomena.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Migration Aspirations towards Germany: Analysis and Development Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Vitalii Boiko ◽  
Olha Mulska ◽  
Ihor Baranyak ◽  
Olha Levytska
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
German Population ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
And Migration

Based on the multiple regression model and scenario approach to forecasting, the article estimates the Ukrainian migration aspirations towards Germany (the scale of migration, the economic activity of migrants, and their economic benefits). It is argued that major transformations in the gender-age structure of the German population may cause a demographic crisis and labour market imbalances. Our projections indicate the growing role of foreign human resources in the German economy. When modeling the scale of emigration from Ukraine, an integrated approach is applied, considering not only trends of pull-push factors but also special aspects of the German migration policy and the outflow of 8–10 million Ukrainian migrant workers. Given the poor statistical data on the scale of labour emigration needed for constructing reliable econometric models, the use of expert forecasting method remains the most optimal technique for assessing potential migration flows and migration systems.

scholarly journals Emulation and Competition as the Forms of Interaction of the Subjects of Professional Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
L. Yemel’yanova ◽  
S. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Socialist Competition ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socialist Emulation

The Object of the Study. Competition and CompetitionThe Subject of the Study. Competition and competition as a form of interaction between subjects of professional activityThe Purpose of the Study. Competition and competition as a form of interaction between subjects of professional activityThe main Provisions of the Article.The authors reveal the features of manifestation of socialist emulation and competition in connection with the social structure of the state and the system of social relations existing in it and generating them. The distinctive characteristics of socialist emulation and competition as two social phenomena and forms of interaction between subjects of professional activity have been studied. The great importance of socialist emulation in solving important tasks for the state is shown, in the intensification of labour, the achievement of better results in the production of material and spiritual goods, the development of socialist society as a whole, the realization of the interests of society and each of its participants. In the particular the features of socialist emulation are revealed: its essence, functions, forms, basic principles and types of stimulating its participants.Besides the work reveals the social aspects of competition, its manifestations in society and professional activity in comparison with the socialist emulation. The main approaches to the study of competition as an interdisciplinary phenomenon are presented. The author's understanding of the essence of competition of subjects of professional activity as one of the types of social competition is given. The structure of competition of collective subjects of professional activity, its positive and negative functions, the nature of the course, the main approaches to its management are presented. As the main differences between socialist competition and competition of subjects of professional activity, their differences in motivation, behavior, methods used by them and means of achieving victory are examined. Competition and competition are manageable, both by the state itself, and by the subjects themselves.The features of the manifestation of socialist competition and competition are connected with the system of social relations existing in the state, which give rise to them. Competition and competition are the most important forms of interaction and relationships between the subjects of professional activity, but having their own manifestations.

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