scholarly journals Analysis of import substitution model in Russian pharmaceutical industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Khobotova
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Substitution Model ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
The One ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Support Evaluation

The article discusses the internal-oriented, external-oriented and mixed import substitution models that are implemented in the economies of various countries, including Russia. The essence, features and effects of import substitution in the industry are analyzed depending on the goals and possibilities of economic development of countries aspect. The results of the import substitution policy based on a mixed model in the pharmaceutical industry of Russia are revealed. The necessity of implementing the import substitution model on the basis of innovative development is indicated, which should, on the one hand, reduce the import of foreign-made medicines, and on the other hand, increase the export of this product group. It is emphasized that the implementation of such a policy requires comprehensive investment, infrastructure, and research governmental support. Evaluation of the efficiency of the industry development in the context of import substitution is calculated on the basis of state statistics and data of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation. Mainly the positive impact of the import substitution policy for 2011-2018 on the Russian pharmaceutical industry is proved, the problems of further development of the industry are identified. The need to increase the international competitiveness of Russian pharmaceutical products is noted.

DEVELOPMENT OF METODOLOGYCAL APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS IN DOMESTIC MICROCONTROLLERS IN MOBILE DIGITAL PROTECTED COMMUNICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Андрей Иванович Мордовин ◽  
Дарья Сергеевна Хохлова
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Mobile Communication System ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Software Attacks ◽  
Further Development

Целю исследований является повышение защищенности данных и программного кода Flash - памяти отечественных микроконтроллеров в телекоммуникационных системах (ТКС) цифровой подвижной защищенной связи от атаки программного обеспечения (несанкционированного доступе и копирование) за счет регулирования рисков успешности вышеуказанной атаки путем разработки методического аппарата защиты кода программ. В работе продемонстрирован программный метод с использованием bootloader - загрузки программы из внешней памяти. Проведен анализ спецификаций на отечественные и зарубежные микроконтроллеры. Полученные результаты работы могут послужит обеспечению безопасности отечественных микроконтроллеров и дальнейшему развитию способов противодействия угрозам. Разработанный методический аппарат защиты кода программ от несанкционированного доступа позволит вывести отечественное оборудование на должный уровень применения, что позволит провести политику импортозамещения в части защиты кода программ. The purpose of research is to increase the security of data and Flash program code - the memory of domestic microcontrollers in the digital mobile communication system from software attacks (unauthorized access and copying) due to the management of the risks of success of the above attack by developing a methodological device for protecting program code. The work demonstrates a software method using bootloader - loading a program from external memory. Analysis of specifications for domestic and foreign microcontrollers. The results of the work can serve to ensure the safety of domestic microcontrollers and the further development of ways to counter threats. The developed methodological apparatus for protecting program code from unauthorized access will bring domestic equipment to the proper level of application, which will allow for an import substitution policy regarding program code protection.

scholarly journals Agricultural development as a factor in ensuring import substitution and strengthening the country’s food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 935 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
N Zotikov ◽  
A Savderova ◽  
E Lyubovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Abstract The issue of the need to develop agriculture and import substitution has become particularly relevant after the beginning of mass imposing economic sanctions by the West against Russia, as well as a result of oil prices downturn and shortfall of budget revenues from the sale of energy sources. The policy of import substitution affects the areas of the agro-industrial complex to varying degrees. First of all, these measures affect all areas of agricultural production - crop production, animal husbandry and fisheries. In addition, they apply to the final products of the agro-industrial complex, that is, they regulate the food industry, thus affecting the issue of the country’s food security. The purpose of the study is to identify problems in the development of the country’s agriculture based on the study of Russian and international experience, to consider them in a complex, as well as to assess the impact of the import substitution policy on the development of the industry, to propose measures for the further development of the agro-industrial sector aimed at strengthening the country’s food security.

scholarly journals CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AS AN IMPORT SUBSTITUTION MODEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 06-08
Author(s):  
M. L. Lukashevich ◽  
T. S. Malevannaia
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Substitution Model ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Contract Manufacturing ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
New Models ◽  
Substitution Policy

Russia has declared the import substitution policy. Russian and foreign companies started to use new models, in order not to lose their market position. Due to reindustrialization and localization of foreign companies in Russia the contract manufacturing model becomes more and more important.

scholarly journals Genotoxic impurities in pharmaceutical products – regulatory, toxicological and pharmaceutical considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. e502
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Regulska ◽  
Marcin Michalak ◽  
Marek Murias ◽  
Beata Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Genotoxic Impurities ◽  
Threshold Of Toxicological Concern ◽  
Further Development

This article provides an overview of the most important aspects around the detecting and reporting of genotoxic impurities in the pharmaceutical industry. It focuses on relevant regulatory, toxicological, and pharmaceutical considerations. In this regard, the concept of Threshold of Toxicological Concern is explained and the most common genotoxic impurities are described. Furthermore, toxicological methods for genotoxic impurities screening are presented. Finally, the article emphasises several issues regarding further development.

Problems of Russian Agrarian Sector Development within Import Substitution Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Дацко ◽  
Tatyana Datsko ◽  
Гагиев ◽  
Nikolay Gagiyev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Market Infrastructure ◽  
Further Development

The article is devoted to topical problems of Russian agricultural sector caused by both internal and external factors.The degree of influence of foreign sanctions and Russian food embargo on the volume and structure of external trade turnover of our country has been analyzed. The main measures of state support of agricultural producers in the implementation of import substitution policy have been considered. Special attention is paid to ensuring the availability of credit financial resources, modernization of enterprises’ production base and improvement of agricultural market infrastructure. In conclusion the author highlights priority directions of further development of Russian agricultural complex. The main emphasis is placed on the necessary adaptation of the agricultural policy to a rapidly changing economic environment in order to preserve state sovereignty and develop national agroindustry.

Problems Facing the Arab Pharmaceutical Industry: A Case Study from Yemen

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Shakka ◽  
Ebtesam Abood ◽  
Adel Al-Dhubhany ◽  
Sami Abdo Radman Aldubai ◽  
Khaled Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs

Because of the almost-instant connection with the welfare and well-being of individuals, pharmaceutical industry stands prominently as a very important factor for the improvement and progress of a healthy productive nation. These days, pharmaceutical industry thrives as one of the largest and exponentially expanding global industries. Nonetheless, millions of people in low income developing countries, have to suffer from the fatal consequences of the inaccessibility and non-availability of essential drugs. This is also happening in Yemen, where the pharmaceutical manufacturers sector have to face up to many challenges. The Yemen Drug Company (YEDCO) was founded in 1964 by the Yemeni government as it collaborated with private investors. It was endorsed as a company with the expertise in the medicinal drug marketing. YEDCO started its work by taking in drugs from foreign companies and then locally marketing and distributing them. In 1982, YEDCO built the first medicinal factory for drugs in Sana’a. Since then, seven companies were set up to manufacture medicines in Yemen. The expanding population has led to the need to have more pharmaceutical products. It may be understandable that pharmaceutical manufacturer companies are also hit by the political crisis in the country. Inadequate amount of fuel and raw material as well as low security status were some of the underlying factors behind these ill-effects in Yemen. Imported drugs make up about nearly 90% % of the pharmaceutical market compared to 10% drugs from the domestic market. This situation has led to an additional burden being shouldered by the national economy, where Yemen spends about US$263 million annually on pharmaceutical drugs, in reference to the national Supreme Drugs Authority. Although there is a very quick growth in the population and drugs consumption, the pharmaceutical industry has not been very active, where global pharmaceutical products play their role dominantly on the domestic market. The pharmaceutical production necessitates skilled human resources like university graduates. By contrast, the government and the private sector should also motivate the pharmaceutical industry and make use of the local employment

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

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