Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

scholarly journals Green technologies and firms’ market value: a micro-econometric analysis of European firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Colombelli ◽  
Claudia Ghisetti ◽  
Francesco Quatraro
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of the generation of green (environmental) technologies on the market value (MV) of a sample of listed companies. The analysis is grounded on the combination of two different theoretical approaches, that is the one focusing on the relationship between MV and innovation and the one pertaining to the economic effects of eco-innovation. Environmental regulation, based on the regulatory push–pull effect, induces firms to cope with more stringent rules through innovation efforts, and this eventually leads to the emergence of new markets for the suppliers of green technologies (GTs). Our main hypothesis is that firms able to generate GTs can be expected to show better stock market performances in this framework, because of the prospects of regulation-driven profitability gains. The empirical analysis has been carried out on a sample of listed firms from France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK observed over the 1985–2011 time span, and it is based on the implementation of the most recent version of the MV equation, corrected for selection bias. Results are consistent with those of previous literature and highlight the positive impact of innovation on MV. When narrowing the focus to firms operating in sectors with a high propensity to generate GTs, we have found that the stringency of the environmental regulatory framework also yields a positive a significant impact, as does the stock of GTs vis-à-vis non-GTs. Moreover, environmental regulatory framework positively moderates the positive effect of the stock of GTs. Lastly, the quality of firms’ own knowledge stocks is also found to positively influence firms’ MV.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PINJAMAN DAN BANTUAN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA Studi Kasus UMKM Binaan KADIN Jawa Tengah

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Hoo Helena Ayu Liani ◽  
Chatarina Yekti Prawihatmi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>Permasalahan UMKM yang selama ini dipandang utama adalah permodalan. UMKM biasanya tidak memiliki akses yang mudah untuk memperoleh pinjaman untuk modal kerja. Untuk itulah terdapat skema bantuan modal yang disediakan oleh berbagai lembaga keuangan dan lembaga pemerintah untuk mengatasi permasalahan modal di UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak bantuan dan pinjaman modal kerja pada kinerja usaha UMKM yang dibina oleh TTIC Kadin Jawa Tengah. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah  UMKM yang telah dibina oleh TTIC kadin Jawa Tengah, yang berjumlah 20 UMKM. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui wawancara mendalam  dipandu dengan kuesioner. Metode penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bantuan /pinjaman modal kerja untuk UMKM binaan TTIC Kadin Jawa Tengah memberikan stimulus dalam usaha-usaha mengembangkan kinerja usahanya terutama dalam menambah peralatan, melakuakn inovasi , menambah tenaga kerja sampai dengan usaha perluasan pasar. Meskipun tidak secara langsung, pinjaman /bantuan modal telah berdampak positif terhadap kinerja usaha UMKM binaan TTIC Kadin Jawa Tengah.</p><p>The one of main problem of MSMEs  is capital. MSMEs usually do not have easy access to obtain loans for working capital. For this reason there is a capital assistance scheme provided by various financial institutions and government agencies to address capital problems in MSMEs. This study aims to determine the impact of aid and working capital loans on the performance of SMEs business which is fostered by TTIC Kadin  Jawa Tengah. Respondents in this study are MSMEs that have been fostered by TTIC Kadin Jawa Tengah. The number of respondents are 20 MSMEs. Data collection techniques in this study is through in-depth interviews guided by questionnaires. The research method in this research is descriptive explorative method. The results of this study indicate that assistance / working capital loans for MSMEs fostered by TTIC Kadin Jawa Tengah provide stimulus in the efforts to develop business performance, especially in adding equipment, making innovation, adding labor to market expansion efforts. Although indirectly, the loan / capital assistance has a positive impact on the performance of UMKM business fostered by TTIC Kadin Jawa Tengah.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Misleadership on Poor Performance: A Study of Financial Institutions in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Sahibzada Muhammad Hamza ◽  
Zubair Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Foreign Bank ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The One ◽  
Managerial Employees ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of misleadership on poor performance in the Pakistan financial institutions. This research is carried on the strategic and managerial employees of the one (1) private and one (1) foreign bank operated in Pakistan with an engagement of 200 employees as the sample respondents. The findings of the study indicates that missing, misguided and Machiavellian leadership has no significant impact of the poor performance in the studied context while only misinformed leadership in the cluster of the independent variables shows a significant positive impact on the poor performance in the financial institutions of Pakistan.  However, it is concluded that the proposed dimensions of Rayment & Smith (2010) misleadership framework does not significantly impact the poor performance in the financial institutions of Pakistan except the dimension of misinformed leadership. Further, it is recommended to examine new contexts with the engagement of a wider sample to find more accurate and generalize results for the investigated topic. Hence, this research will benefit the corporate managers and the research community with the new practicing dynamics of misleadership in today’s global corporate world.

scholarly journals Global or Adapted Advertising? Consumer Evaluation of Advertising Activity of Foreign Enterprises on the Polish Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428
Author(s):  
Robert Nowacki
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Enterprises ◽  
Advertising Activity

Intensification of globalization processes in the contemporary world entails consequences for all areas of socio-economic life. The latter concerns also advertising, which is particularly sensitive to the developments occurring in the global environment. Expansion into foreign markets presents enterprises with the dilemma of how to advertise their products and services. The specific question which appears in this context is whether to use standardized or adapted advertising. The attitude of the audience on the target market is of key importance. The present article also focuses on the impact of globalization on the recipients’ perception of the advertising activity of foreign companies operating in the Polish market. Assessment of the degree of acceptance of foreign enterprises’ standardized advertising activities on the Polish market, their attractiveness and impact on competitiveness, from the perspective of Polish consumers. The basis for the study are the findings of a survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 on a sample of Polish consumers aged 15+ selected using the quota method. The subject of the research were opinions on advertising activities used on the Polish market by foreign companies, taking into account the differentiation into global and adapted advertising. The respondents assessed the level of attractiveness and acceptance of activities related to advertising standardization procedures. The results of the research indicate that Polish consumers perceive the globalization of advertising and have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand, they appreciate the attractiveness of standardized advertisements, on the other, they assess their effectiveness as worse. However, the respondents also point out that they have a positive impact on the competitiveness of foreign companies. The perception of standardized advertising is generally not dependent on demographic characteristics. There is only a slight direct effect of age on the perception of attractiveness and effectiveness of standardized and adapted advertising.

scholarly journals MARKETS OF GEORGIAN AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS AND EXPORT STIMULATING ECONOMIC POLICY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Eteri Kharaishvili ◽  
Ia Natsvlishvili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article substantiates the importance of the development of food markets in the solution of food security problem. It is argued that the tendency of demand for food has an increasing trend and the development of food markets still remains one of the most important challenges of contemporary world. The study analyzes the markets of Georgian agro- food products and studies the modern challenges in these markets. Comparative analysis of Georgian and Spanish food markets is conducted. The article estimates the positive and negative trends of export of Georgian agro-food products as well as the possibilities of diversification of products in the food markets. According to “The Impact-Immediacy” matrix the hindering factors of Georgian agro products export are identified. Using the «Priority Scheme» the priorities of economic policy stimulating the export of agro-food products are revealed. In terms of geographical orientation of the export the possibilities of diversification of food markets are discussed, especially in European markets. The conclusion is made that, in general, European food market is characterized by the growing tendency. However, in these markets there is no similar tendency for Georgian agro-food products. According to the study of the share of Georgian products and export growth rates in different countries the positive correlation between these variables is determined. But this circumstance is not considered to be sufficient for the positive impact on the economic growth. The conclusion is made that using effective mechanisms of export stimulation allows the diversification of export of Georgian agro products on the traditional but growing food markets on the one hand and on the other hand the expansion of geographical area of export markets.

Analysis of Night-Time Pre-Cooling in a School Building

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 443-450
Author(s):  
Martin Kovac ◽  
Katarina Kovacova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
School Building ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The content of this paper is a theoretical case study of a school building where the impact of night pre-cooling on operative temperature during summer period is analyzed. The classroom under pitched roof was selected for case study purposes. There are glass surfaces on roof and in external wall. We compare two types of building constructions. On the one hand side there is the wooden lightweight construction. On the other hand side there is the heavyweight construction made of reinforced concrete. The mechanical ventilation system provides for the required air change rate in classroom during whole day. The results from energy simulation show positive impact of night pre-cooling in combination with heavyweight building construction on maximum operative temperature in classroom during summer period. The results are output from dynamic energy simulation tool DesignBuilder.

scholarly journals How Different Are Telephoning and Canvassing? Results from a ‘Get Out the Vote’ Field Experiment in the British 2005 General Election

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER JOHN ◽  
TESSA BRANNAN
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Get Out The Vote

Can the positive impact of non-partisan ‘Get Out the Vote’ (GOTV) campaigns be generalized to a variety of institutional and cultural contexts? Gerber, Green and colleagues tested for the effects of these campaigns in a series of pioneering field experiments, which show that a face-to-face contact from a non-partisan source, carried out by a field force calling at the homes of citizens seeking to persuade them to vote, can increase voter turnout. Further experiments find that telephoning has an impact ranging from ineffective to positive, depending on the nature of the call; and there are positive, if weaker, results for other forms of intervention, such as door postings and leafleting; none for e-mail; and weakly positive or null impacts from rote telephoning. Many of these results derive from single cases or from a limited number of research sites; however, the culmination of these findings allows political scientists to be confident of the impact and hierarchy of these interventions. Although GOTV studies of this kind cannot adjudicate authoritatively on theories of mobilization, the difference in impact between the types of intervention, in particular the greater success of personalized messages, implies that it is the personal and face-to-face basis of influence that has an effect, rather than the types of message received and the simple provision of information.So far most of this kind of research has been carried out in the United States, which means that, even with its variety of groups and locations, the range of variation in the institutional frameworks and social conditions is limited to the one-country case.

scholarly journals Governance Effect of Board of Directors on Banking Performance: Evidence From Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Sahbi Missaoui ◽  
Nizar Raissi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Profitability

The research tried to assess the impact of board characteristics on Tunisian bank's performance. The empirical study is based on a sample of 10 commercial banks during the period 2008-2017. Firstly, we proceed to estimate the impact of board characteristics on bank performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equities (ROE) ratios. The estimation results achieved have positive and negative effects on the economic and financial bank's profitability. Hence, on the one hand, the estimate test gives a positive impact of ratio Market to book and the ratio Interest / Commissions in case of economic performance (VIC). On the other hand, these two ratios have a negative impact on performance measured by the ROE and ROA. Regarding the board and bank size, the estimate test gives a negative impact on economic profitability and a positive impact on financial profitability.

The impact of the scope of technological search on path-dependence in export specialization: evidence for European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Reinstaller ◽  
Peter Reschenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Technological Search ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Export Specialization ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This paper examines how product relatedness and the breadth of technological search affect the path-dependent development of export specializations across countries documented in prior research. The results of the econometric analysis in this paper show that broader technological search in an industry has a positive impact on the development of comparative advantages in the product lines it exports. The interplay between product relatedness and the scope of technological search has a two-edged character. On the one hand, broader technological search supports adjustments and consolidations of the export baskets on the extensive margin. This contributes to weaken path-dependency. On the other hand, it fosters the competitiveness of products that are related to current export specializations, and thereby promotes path-dependency on the intensive margin of trade. These results differ across countries with different levels of technological capabilities.

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