Thermal Characteristics of the Waste Tire Pyrolysis Process

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Stanislav K. Popov ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav D. Vaniushkin ◽  
Ernest A. Serilkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Coke Residue ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Balance Structure

A significant annual growth in the number of spent car tires creates a serious environmental problem and calls for the need to continue searching for efficient resource-saving methods of their recycling. There is a growing number of efforts aimed at studying waste tire thermochemical conversion processes, including their pyrolysis to obtain valuable products, including a solid fraction (coke residue), liquid hydrocarbon fraction (pyrolysis oil), and noncondensable gaseous fraction (pyrolysis gas). Commercial and pilot pyrolysis plants and reactors are reviewed. A rotating drum reactor, shaft and screw reactors are the most promising solutions for implementing a continuous process. The development of new resource-saving solutions for the pyrolysis of waste tire requires knowledge of the thermal characteristics of this process, including information on the material and heat flows in the pyrolysis reactor. The composition and thermal properties of waste tire, as well as specific outputs, composition and fuel properties of pyrolysis product material flows, including pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and coke residue, are presented. Information on the pyrolysis plant or reactor heat balance structure is either absent or incomplete. Based on the data available in the literature, the heat balance of a commercial pyrolysis plant equipped with screw reactors characterized by a specific thermal destruction heat of 0.640 MJ/(kg of tires) is drawn up and studied. The numerical analysis results correlate with the data published for the commercial-grade plant. Information on the pyrolysis chamber heat balance structure is correct enough for use in engineering practice. It has been found that the specific heat consumption for the pyrolysis process is 2.269 MJ/(kg of tires). This value can be used in numerically analyzing pyrolysis plants equipped with other designs of pyrolysis reactors.

scholarly journals Opportunities regarding the use of technologies of energy recovery from sewage sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Maria Zaharioiu ◽  
Felicia Bucura ◽  
Roxana Elena Ionete ◽  
Florian Marin ◽  
Marius Constantinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract Based on the global need to efficiently eliminate highly produced amounts of sewage sludge, alternative technologies are required to be practically developed. Reduction of sewage sludge waste quantities with energy recovery is the most important and modern practice, with least possible impact on the environment. Appropriate technologies for treating and disposal sewage sludge are currently considered: incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. The main products generated during the pyrolysis process are bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-residue, providing sustainable fuels/ biofuels and adsorbents. Compared to other disposal methods of sewage sludge, pyrolysis has advantages in terms of the environment: waste in small quantities, low emissions, low level of heavy metals. From a technological point of view, pyrolysis is the most efficient in relation to its final products, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and solid residue that can be transformed into CO2 adsorbent with the help of chemical and thermal activation processes. The incineration process of sewage sludge has a number of disadvantages both environmentally and technologically: organic pollutants, heavy metals, toxic pollutants and ash resulting from combustion that needs a disposal process. A comparison of different types of sewage sludge elimination for the energy recovery is described in the present paper. Article Highlights Sewage sludge is a waste in increasing quantities, which requires disposal and energy recovery, in a clean way for the environment. The pyrolysis process of sewage sludge is the cleanest method of its recovery. Pyrolysis products, bio-oil, syngas and biochar, can be used as alternative fuels to fossil fuels. The pyrolysis process of the sewage sludge is the most advantageous from the point of view of the obtained products and of the environment, in comparison with the incineration and gasification processes.

Modeling and Studying the Cooling of Waste Tire Solid Pyrolysis Products

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Stanislav K. Popov ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav D. Vaniushkin ◽  
Anna A. Valineeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coke Residue ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Waste Tire

Every year, 1.5 billion tires are produced around the world, and each of them eventually falls into the waste stream. The growing volume of waste tires and limited possibilities for their disposal generate the need to develop methods for recycling them. A review of papers addressing the waste tire recycling problem with the use of proposed mechanical and thermochemical processing methods is presented. It is shown that researchers take interest in pyrolysis as a technology for thermochemical conversion of waste tire to produce valuable products: a solid fraction represented by coke residue (carbon black), a liquid hydrocarbon fraction (pyrolysis oil), and non-condensing gaseous fraction (pyrolysis gas). In a number of published papers, focus is placed on improving the consumer properties of each fraction. Conditions under which the coke residue quality can be improved to the level of activated carbon are, and methods for implementing this are developed. The cooling of solid pyrolysis products can be a limiting factor for the pyrolysis plant operation. Unloading of the coke residue at increased temperatures with outdoor cooling can lead to its burning out. To develop an efficient coke residue cooling heat exchanger, it is necessary to know the physical properties of this substance. A method for determining the thermal conductivity of fine coke residue based on the use of physical and mathematical modeling of the cooling process has been developed and implemented. Experiments on studying the coke residue bed cooling process in air in the temperature range from 500 °C to the ambient temperature were carried out. The time dependences of temperature at several points of the bed layer are obtained. A measuring chamber mathematical model reproducing the experimental conditions is developed. By studying the model, it is possible to determine the coke residue thermal conductivity, which approximates the calculated cooling process temperature curves to those obtained in the experiment with satisfactory accuracy. Based on the analysis of experimental data, two temperature ranges are identified, and a linear dependence of the bed thermal conductivity on the temperature is found in each of them. The coefficients of these functions are determined by minimizing the response function using the Box--Wilson method. The obtained results are used for the development of industrial thermal power engineering facilities.

On the distillation of waste tire pyrolysis oil: A structural characterization of the derived fractions

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 120041
Author(s):  
Felipe Campuzano ◽  
Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Abdul-Hamid Emwas ◽  
Andrés F. Agudelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Tire

scholarly journals Energy Recovery from Waste Tires Using Pyrolysis: Palestine as Case of Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Mahmoud Assad ◽  
Tareq Salameh ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating

The first industrial-scale pyrolysis plant for solid tire wastes has been installed in Jenin, northern of the West Bank in Palestine, to dispose of the enormous solid tire wastes in the north of West Bank. The disposable process is an environmentally friendly process and it converts tires into useful products, which could reduce the fuel crisis in Palestine. The gravimetric analysis of tire waste pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis plant working at the optimum conditions is: tire pyrolysis oil (TPO): 45%, pyrolysis carbon black (PCB): 35%, pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas): 10% and steel wire: 10%. These results are depending on the tire type and size. It has been found that the produced pyrolysis oil has a High Heating Value (HHV), with a range of 42 − 43   ( MJ / kg ) , which could make it useful as a replacement for conventional liquid fuels. The main disadvantage of using the TPO as fuel is its strong acrid smell and its low flash point, as compared with the other conventional liquid fuels. The produced pyrolysis carbon black also has a High Heating Value (HHV) of about 29 (MJ/kg), which could also encourage its usage as a solid fuel. Carbon black could also be used as activated carbon, printers’ ink, etc. The pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas) obtained from waste tires mainly consist of light hydrocarbons. The concentration of H2 has a range of 30% to 40% in volume and it has a high calorific value (approximately 31   MJ / m 3 ), which can meet the process requirement of energy. On the other hand, it is necessary to clean gas before the burning process to remove H2S from Pyro-Gas, and hence, reduce the acid rain problem. However, for the current plant, some recommendations should be followed for more comfortable operation and safer environment work conditions.

Process and Unit for Recycling of Formaldehyde-Containing Solid Wastes by Pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
A.N. Rasstegaev ◽  
A.M. Gonopolsky ◽  
K.V. Tarantsev ◽  
V.V. Golubovsky ◽  
K.R. Tarantseva
Keyword(s):  
Wood Chip ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Technical Solutions

The unit for recycling formaldehyde containing solid waste by the method of medium-temperature dry pyrolysis with multistage pyrolysis gas purification system was proposed. Purification is carried out first in a catalyst cartridge, then in a dry cyclone, then in a scrubber, and at the final stage in a cold plasma unit. There original designs of chamber of thermal decomposition of wastes with variable, depending on loading, volume and with pre-heating chamber were proposed. On the example of recycling of waste of wood-chip boards, it is shown that the degree of waste processing in it is 98.1%, while the mass concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working zone does not exceed the MPC of the working zone and MPC of settlements. It was established that the proposed technical solutions not only make the process safer, but also improve it from the point of view of energy and resource saving.

Facile and Large Scale Fabrication of Thick Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil as Carbon Feedstock

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sathiskumar ◽  
S. Karthikeyan ◽  
V. Roddatis ◽  
M. Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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