Politik Hukum Perlindungan Sumber Daya Genetik Untuk Pemanfaatan Obat-Obatan Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Yovita Indrayati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Conceptual Study

Predicate as one of mega biodiversity countries refers to the fact that Indonesia is a country that is rich in potential genetic resources. The genetic resources include not only plants but also animals and microorganisms. Besides meeting food needs, the genetic resources also have important benefits for the development of medicines, both traditional and modern. The medicinal benefits of genetic resources, mainly plants, have been taken advntage of the people in various regions in Indonesia. This can be seen when Covid19 pandemic hit the world, including Indonesia. the consumption of herbal medicines has increased quite sharply. Each region in Indonesia has its own type of local plants that can increase human body stamina against Covid19. The existence of the pandemic necessarily makes Indonesia more aware of the rich diversity and genetic resource’s benefits for society welfare. On the other hand, however, Indonesia faces challenges related to the biotechnology development  as well as biopiracy problems of genetic resources utilization. Therefore, protection on genetic resources is a necessity and should become an important matter for Indonesia. This paper is a conceptual study that will describe how to protect genetic resources, especially for the use of medicine, in the Indonesian legal system, which reflects the politics of law in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis, the commitment of The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia is still weak in the formation of laws protecting genetic resources in Indonesia. However, Indonesia has a commitment to international agreements by becoming a party and ratifying the CBD, 1992; Cartagena Protocol, 2000 and Nagoya Protocol, 2011. 

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Global Economic Important Mahogany Complex: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jones Abrefa Danquah ◽  
Mark Appiah ◽  
Adam Osman ◽  
Ari Pappinen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Rich

Mahogany is the collective international trade name for the high-value tropical and subtropical timber tree species of the family Meliaceae. Mahogany species are noted for their deep red-brown heartwood and are widely used in the construction, boat building, interior decoration (particularly paneling and floor tiles), and in the manufacture of furniture. Across their natural geographical distribution range, many rural communities depend for their livelihoods on the genetic resources of the species as they provide natural products and services. However, mahogany populations across their native range are threatened by deforestation, habitat fragmentation, excessive logging and genetic erosion. In addition, climate change may bring about a shift in the distributional range of the native species. To safeguard the rich diversity of mahogany requires a conscientious effort in policy formulation and the enforcement of existing laws in regard to the management and conservation of the species. In addition, it is imperative that mahogany is used as an integral component in agroforestry systems and in reforestation efforts, as well as in the restoration of degraded forest ecosystems in order to protect the genetic resources of the species. The aim of this review was to highlight the threats to the sustainability of the species. We conducted literature review to examine the geographic distributional range of a mahogany complex (Khaya spp, Entandrophragma spp, Cedrela spp, Toona spp, Swietenia spp) at global, regional and ecosystem scales. We used maps as annotated diagrams to show the probable geographic global distribution range of the mahogany complex. The Khaya spp. and Entandrophragma spp. are native to Africa, Cedrela spp. and Swietenia spp. are native to Central and South America, whereas, Toona spp. are found primarily in southeast Asia.

scholarly journals SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mani Kant ◽  
Shobha Shouche
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Over Exploitation

Without self-understanding we cannot hope for Enduring solutions to environ­mental problems, Which are fundamentally human problems. —Yi-Fu Tuan, 1974                                                           Human beings interact both with the social world and nature. Both, economic development and stable environment are required for the continual improvement of lifestyle and living standards of the people in the society and for the Earth Community as a whole. But until now, the development was human oriented and limited to rich nations. The development was achieved by damaging the environment and over exploitation of natural resources which were nonrenewable. That caused instability of environment and crossed the threshold limit of environmental damage. The major challenge of our times is to find new and practical ways of drawing inspiration from the rich diversity of human experience as well as modern scientific insights in order to establish effective means of governing human behavior to ensure that we contribute to the prosperity of the whole Earth Community instead of destroying it.

scholarly journals MAKNA SIMBOLIK TRADISI MONDHOSIO DI DUSUN PANCOT, KALISORO, TAWANGMANGU, KARANGANYAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Aprilia Ika Nur Janah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Times ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This article aims to explore the meaning behind the tradition of bersih desain the Kalisoro, Tawangmangu, Karanganyar, Central Java. Bersih desais indeed widely practiced in various regions in Java. However, there are unique things happening in this Tawangmangu area. apart from being a place famous for its tourist base, the people in it are indeed made up of various beliefs. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that describes the results of interviews and field observations. The results of this study show that the activities of bersih desa, there is a mondhosiotradition which on one side presents offerings to the spirit of the local village, but on the other hand there is an Islamicnuance that appears there. Islamic nuances are indicated by votive expressions, and other symbols such as alms and good wishes. This shows that the mondhosiotradition has existed for experienced acculturation with the times and exceeded their Javanese beliefs. This study becomes interesting to do and become one of the legacies of local wisdom as part of the rich diversity of Indonesian society.

A note on Indian farm animal genetic resources

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
S. C. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Farm Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Domestic Animal Genetic Resources

SummaryIndia has a rich diversity of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat breeds which are not only important to the people of India, but have contributed significantly to livestock programmes in many other tropical and sub-tropical climatic areas of the world. Most important is the fact that our domestic animal genetic resources (AGR) are under threat. This paper highlights the main AGR of India; the threat to biodiversity and the efforts made for conserving and improving indigenous livestock breeds.

scholarly journals Rich diversity in cultivated Finnish potato onions (Allium cepa var. aggregatum G. Don)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhi Suojala-Ahlfors ◽  
Maarit Heinonen ◽  
Pirjo Tanhuanpää ◽  
Kristiina Antonius
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Potato Onion ◽  
Common Onion

AbstractPotato onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum G. Don) remained the most widely grown onion type in Finland up to the 1950’s, after which the more productive cultivars of common onion replaced this vegetatively propagated onion type. The Finnish accessions have been maintained in two national plant genetic resources (PGR) collections since 1990’s but new samples have been obtained still later. In this research, we analysed the genetic diversity of potato onions and shallots, grown in home gardens and in PGR collection, and compared the uniformity of the two PGR collections. One hundred ten onion samples were analysed using eight microsatellite loci, which amplified 83 alleles in total. There was a large number of genetically different samples, forming four major groups in the dendrogram. The results show that there is still a lot of genetic diversity among the Finnish potato onions, even though they are propagated vegetatively. The rich diversity in the samples obtained from citizens reflects a valuable source of genetic resources maintained by home gardeners. The national collection has been updated on the basis of the results. To ensure the preservation of the rich onion heritage, efforts are needed to increase the availability of potato onion to home gardeners and commercial growers.

scholarly journals Implementasi Fungsi Pengawasan DPD RI terhadap Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah di Provinsi Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
I Kadek Arimbawa ◽  
Ida Ayu Putu Widiati ◽  
A.A Sagung Laksmi Dewi
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Function Mechanism ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic

The Regional Representative Council (hereafter called DPD) is one of the top state institutions that is directly elected in the General Election. In general, the members of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia (hereafter called DPD RI) are tasked with bringing up the interests and aspirations of the people in the regions to the central government as well as having the authority to carry out supervision in the regions. Supervision in question is the supervision of the implementation of laws, and the results of DPD supervision are submitted to the House of Representatives (hereafter called DPR) as a material for consideration for follow-up. Based on this background, this research was conducted with the aim of describing how DPD RI's supervisory function mechanism on the implementation of regional autonomy in Bali Province and what obstacles DPD RI faces in supervising regional autonomy in Bali Province. This research was conducted using a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. The results of this study showed that DPD RI oversight function is implemented with three mechanisms, namely the absorption of aspirations in the community, conveying aspirations through the preparation of reports and problem inventory lists, and submission of the results of supervision to DPR. While the obstacles faced by DPD RI in supervising regional autonomy in Bali Province are the weak authority of DPD RI compared to its legitimacy, the cooperation pattern between DPD and related regional government agencies that has not been clearly regulated, and the lack of support and community participation for participate in supervising after the enactment of a law.

Reform or Ruin: English Moral Thought During the First French Republic

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Moral Basis ◽  
The People ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times

During Pitt's 1785 campaign for moderate parliamentary reform, William Wilberforce supported the government primarily on a moral basis rather than on political grounds. He explained his reasons to a friend, Lord Muncaster, as follows:It is not the confusion of parties, and their quarreling and battling in the House of Commons, which makes me despair of the republic … it is the universal corruption and profligacy of the times, which taking its rise amongst the rich and luxurious has now extended its baneful influence and spread its destructive poison through the whole body of the people.

A Brief History of the Kazak People*

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhytnur Otarbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign State ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic ◽  
We The People

We, the people of Kazakstan, creatingstatehood on the ancient KAZAK land … Constitution of the Republic of KazakstanIn December 1995, Kazakstan celebrated its fifth anniversary as a sovereign state, although the rich, tumultuous history of the Kazaks themselves encompasses more than five centuries. The complexity of this history is revealed in a statement by Kemal Akishev, a well-known archeologist: “Kazakstan reveals itself through territorial contact, where, beginning in ancient times, infiltration and aggression, immigration and ethnic immigration, the integration and spreading of culture, and racial and linguistic palimpsests took place.” The ethnogenesis of the Kazak people can be divided into three periods: the pre-Turkic, the Turkic, and the Turko-Mongolian periods. The development of modern Kazakstan likewise falls into three periods: the pre-revolutionary, the Soviet, and the modern republic.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SISTEM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DALAM DINAMIKA PELAKSANAAN DEMOKRASI

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
M. Lutfi Chakim
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The People ◽  
Election System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Method Approach

Pemilihan kepala daerah (pilkada) secara langsung adalah suatu mekanisme yang berfungsi sebagai pelaksanaan demokrasi. Namun, dalam perjalanannya muncul ketidakpuasan berbagai pihak untuk tidak lagi menggunakan sistem pemilihan gubernur secara langsung. Hal itulah yang menjadi dasar bagi Pemerintah untuk mengusulkan sistem pemilihan gubernur oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) melalui Rancangan Undang-undang tentang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (RUU Pilkada). Usulan perubahan sistem tersebut merupakan topik yang sangat serius, karena berpotensi mengingkari kedaulatan rakyat yang dijamin dalam UUD 1945. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pertama , pemilihan secara langsung merupakan satu-satunya cara yang paling efektif untuk memaknai frasa ”dipilih secara demokratis” sebagaimana dimuat dalam Pasal 18 ayat (4) UUD 1945. Kedua , sejarah pemilihan kepala daerah ditandai dengan diberlakukannya berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait dengan pemerintahan daerah mulai sejak masa kolonial hingga reformasi. Ketiga , sistem pemilihan gubernur secara perwakilan oleh DPRD merupakan kemunduran bagi demokrasi. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu mengambil pelajaran dari sejarah sistem pemilihan kepala daerah. Setelah itu, diharapkan pemerintah dapat meninjau kembali kebijakannya tentang sistem pemilihan kepala daerah oleh DPRD yang tertuang dalam RUU Pilkada.<p>Local government election directly is a mechanism of democracy implementation. However, it doesn’t work as expectation while disappointing parties urge to not use governor election system directly anymore. That’s the basis for the Government to propose Governor election system by House of representatives through Draft Law About the local government elections. The proposal to change the system of the local government elections is a very serious topic, because it has to deny the sovereignty of the people in the Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution potentially. Using normative legal research method approach, it could be concluded that, first, government election directly is the most effective way to interpretate the phrase ”democratically elected” as mentioned in article 18 verse (4) of the Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution. Second, the history of local government elections marked by the enactment of various regulations on Local Government since the colonial era to the reform. Third, the Governor election system by House of representatives is a setback for democracy. Therefore, the Government needs to learn from the history of local government election. After all, the government expected to review its policy about local government election system by House of representatives in draft Law About the local government elections.</p>

Constitutional Incorporation of the (Collective) Freedom to Govern Mineral Wealth: Comparing the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The People ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.

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