scholarly journals A Preliminary Investigation of Insect Succession Patterns on Decomposing Carrion on Rottnest Island (WA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(Special)) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar Essarras ◽  
Ian R. Dadour ◽  
Christopher O’Brien ◽  
Paola A Magni
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
On This Island ◽  
South West Coast ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
A Current

Introduction: Pivotal component of medico-legal investigations is the determination of time since death, or (minimum) postmortem interval, (min) PMI. Forensic entomology can provide reliable estimates of (min) PMI using carrion insect species. Carrion insect arrival and departure occurs in predictable and sequential waves, however, successions may vary depending on geographical location and environmental conditions. Hence, it is crucial to refer to insect succession data of the same region where the death scene occurs. A current gap in forensic entomology research is on carrion-breeding species and succession on decomposition remains/carrions on small islands. Rottnest Island is located off the south-west coast of Perth. The aim of this study was to establish baseline data of carrion insect fauna present on this island, and to provide entomological evidence that may aid in any future investigations on the island. Methods: A list of the insect taxa associated with two decomposing swine hindquarters during the summer season was compiled over a 15-day study period and compared with published mainland data obtained during the same period of the year. Results: Ten insect taxa representing four families were collected and identified in association with the decomposing carrion. The first wave of colonising Diptera species included Calliphoridae species and Sarcophagidae species. The second wave of Diptera comprised Muscidae species, in addition to beetles. Furthermore, ants and spiders were noted throughout the trial. Conclusions: Comparing the results on Rottnest Island with currently available data from mainland WA, showed that the composition of insect speciesand the patterns of succession were similar.

scholarly journals III. On the atomic weight of manganese

1883 ◽  
Vol 35 (224-226) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
A Current ◽  
Sulphuretted Hydrogen

Our attention has been directed for some time to a new determination of the atomic weight of manganese. This communication gives a succinct account of the results of the preliminary stages of such an inquiry, and although the further progress of the investigation may reveal some errors, still we feel convinced the final numbers can in no way differ materially from the present values, and therefore further delay in publication is unnecessary. The atomic weight of manganese has been determined by many chemists, but the resulting values vary considerably according to the special method selected. The results of the different investigators may be divided into two classes—those giving approximately 55 as the number, and those making it about 54. To the former class belong Turner, Berzelius, and Dumas, all of whom use the same method, viz., the determination of the silver chloride yielded by a weighed amount of chloride of manganese. Turner also made determinations from the analysis of the carbonate, and from the conversion of the monoxide into sulphate. Von Hauer used the same method as that employed by him in the determination of the atomic weight of cadmium, viz., the reduction of manganous sulphate to sulphide by ignition in a current of sulphuretted hydrogen. It is probable that this method is not very trustworthy, as, according to Schneider, the sulphide may be contaminated by oxysulphide. Schneider and Rawack belong to the second class of observers, the former employing the oxalate, and from its analysis calculating the atomic weight by deducting the weight of water and carbon dioxide obtained. Rawack, whose experiments were conducted in Schneider’s laboratory, weighed the water obtained by reducing manganoso-manganic oxide to manganous oxide.

Do centers of origin have a center?

Paleobiology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Centers Of Origin ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
A Current ◽  
Considerable Intensity

A current question being debated with considerable intensity is whether or not certain geographic areas act as centers of evolutionary radiation and supply species to other areas that are less active or less effective in an evolutionary sense. Darwin (1859) was the first to write about centers of origin which he called “single centers of creation.” He argued that each species was first produced within a single region and that it subsequently migrated from that area as far as its powers of migration and subsistence under past and present conditions permitted. Adams (1902), in discussing the influence of the southeastern United States as a center of distribution for the flora and fauna of North America, provided a series of criteria for the determination of “centers of dispersal.” His first, and evidently most important criterion was the location of “the greatest differentiation of a type.”

Study of the residual imperfections using methods of probability theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
D. A. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Generalized Equation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
A Current

Discontinuities in the products that occur during manufacture, mounting or upon operation can be missed during non-destructive testing which do not provide their complete detectability at a current level of the technology. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that certain structural elements may have discontinuities of significant dimensions. We present the results of using the methods of probability theory in studying the residual imperfections that remains in the structure after non-destructive control and repair of the previously identified defects. We used the results of operational control of units carried out by ultrasonic and radiographic methods. We present a method for determining a multifactorial coefficient that takes into account the detectability of defects, the number of control procedures and the errors in the instrumentation and methodological support, as well as a generalized equation for the probability distribution of detecting discontinuities. The developed approach provides assessing of the level of damage to the studied objects, their classification proceeding from the quantitative data and determination of the values of postulated discontinuities for deterministic calculations. The results obtained can be used to improve the methods of monitoring NPP facilities.

scholarly journals The questions of territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Oleg Aleksandrovich Kravchenko ◽  
Roman Valer'evich Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Principle Of Legality

Accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation indicates adherence to the principle of legality in criminal proceedings and the achievement of goals on the protection of rights and lawful interests of the affected parties, as well as on protection of individual from wrongful and unfounded accusations and restrictions of their rights and freedoms. Science addresses the general questions pertaining to determination of the place of preliminary investigation, but does not give due attention to realization of discretionary powers of the higher investigating authority to determination of the place of preliminary investigation. The article reveals the essential conditions for application of such power by the investigating authority, and analyzes case law for compliance with these conditions. The conclusion is made that legislation does not contain clear and specific rules for determination of the place of preliminary investigation, including the territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention. The author describes the flaws in legal regulation associated with the possibility of determination of jurisdiction of a case in administrative proceedings, by means of law enforcement decision prior to the emergence of legal situation (for example, before  submission of a request for the election or extension of pre-trial detention) by lowering the rank of investigating authority, for example to district level. From the practical perspective, elimination of such flaws should facilitate the proper application of the corresponding legal norm, as well as accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation.

scholarly journals The Significance of Death-Scene Investigation in Determining Cause and Circumstances of Medico-Legal Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (38) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Corina Crișan
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Massive Hemoptysis ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
First Case ◽  
Death Scene Investigation ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Scene Investigation ◽  
Mechanical Asphyxia

Abstract The article presents two cases of the Arad Medico-Legal Department illustrating just a part of the role of the forensic pathologist at the death scene but there are sufficient to fully justify the importance of this investigation as no example can comprise the complexity of problems and the particularity of each case, nor a statistic can be made. Both cases were found dead at home and forensically autopsied, but the two of them were distinct in terms of forensic pathologist's request death scene participation. In the first case, the autopsy did not find traumatic lesions, but revealed that the death was due to massive hemoptysis caused by cavernous tuberculosis with subsequent exsanguination, microscopically confirmed. The death was nonviolent. In the second case, the autopsy revealed findings of mechanical asphyxia due to neck compression, both macroscopically and microscopically. The death was violent. In both cases the forensic expert participation is required at the death-scene. In the first case it allowed the correct interpretation of the traces of blood found on site, and in the second case, an onsite research would have properly helped for restoring the death‟s occurrence. The scene investigation and autopsy provide, together, the basis for an accurate determination of cause and circumstances of death.

scholarly journals Strengthening the Marine Defense Strategy of Lanal Banten Area through Empowerment of the Traffic Separation Scheme in the Sunda Strait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rachmad ◽  
Suhirwan ◽  
Ansori Zaini ◽  
Ernalem Bangun ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Separation Scheme ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Archipelago Sea ◽  
The People ◽  
Malacca Strait

Indonesia as an archipelagic country is gifted by God with a geographical location between two continents and also two oceans, making Indonesia's position very strategic. In accordance with UNCLOS 1982, as an archipelagic country, Indonesia has an obligation to provide a shipping route called ALKI (Indonesian Archipelago Sea Channel). ALKI 1 stretches from the Malacca Strait to the Sunda Strait. The Sunda Strait as one of the busy shipping lanes is vulnerable to various forms of threats. To ensure the safety of shipping in the Sunda Strait, the TSS of the Sunda Strait is designated as a shipping lane separating channel. With the determination of the TSS of the Sunda Strait, shipping using the Sunda Strait will be increasingly crowded, this will pose an even greater threat. The purpose of this study was to analyze the strengthening of the marine defense strategy in the Sunda Strait carried out by Lanal Banten by utilizing the TSS of the Sunda Strait. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research using the theory of policy implementation from Van Meter Van Horn and strategy theory from Lykke. The results of the study indicate that the lack of facilities and infrastructure and the absence of a special operation carried out by the Indonesian Navy to secure the Sunda Strait, so that the implementation of strengthening the marine defense strategy in the Sunda Strait has not been optimal. There needs to be support for facilities and infrastructure as well as support for special operations in the Sunda Strait to strengthen the maritime defense strategy in the Sunda Strait and the participation of the people around the Sunda Strait.

Robotic grasping with obstacle avoidance using octrees

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Rud V.V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Robot Manipulator ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Recognition Of Objects ◽  
Manipulator Control ◽  
A Current

This paper considers the problems of the integration of independent manipulator control systems. Areas of control of the manipulator are: recognition of objects and obstacles, identification of objects to be grasped, determination of reliable positions by the grasping device, planning of movement of the manipulator to certain positions with avoidance of obstacles, and recognition of slipping or determination of reliable grasping. This issue is a current problem primarily in industry, general-purpose robots, and experimental robots. This paper considers current publications that address these issues. Existing algorithms and approaches have been found in the management of both parts of the robot manipulator and solutions that combine several areas, or the integration of several existing approaches. There is a brief review of current literature and publications on the above algorithms and approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods and approaches are determined. There are solutions that cover either some areas or only one of them, which does not meet the requirements of the problem. Using existing approaches, integration points of existing implementations are identified to get the best results. In the process, a system was developed that analyzes the environment, finds obstacles, objects for interaction, poses for grasping, plans the movement of the manipulator to a specific position, and ensures reliable grasping of the object. The next step was to test the system, test the performance, and adjust the parameters for the best results. The resulting system was developed by the research team of RT-Lions, Technik University, Reutlingen. The hardware research robot includes an Intel Realsense camera, a Sawyer Arm manipulator from Rethink Robotics, and an internally grabbing device.

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