scholarly journals Characterisation of liquid oil from pyrolysis of waste tyre

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Rusmi Alias ◽  
Atiqah Mohd Rafee
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Waste Tyre ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The aim of this study is to characterise the liquid oil produced from pyrolysis of waste tyre. In this study, a series of experiment were carried out at various process temperature from 300 °C to 500 °C. The degradation study was carried out by using TGA, meanwhile the pyrolysis process was done using a fixed bed reactor. Liquid oil obtained from the pyrolysis was analysed using FTIR and GC-MS. The oil yield was found to decrease with increasing final pyrolysis temperature and the yield of the gas increased. The highest oil yield was 58.3 wt. %. For pyrolysis at 400 °C. The pyrolysis of waste tyre at atmospheric pressure commenced at about 340 °C and completed at 460 °C. An increase in the aromatic content of the oil was observed with increasing temperature. However, the aliphatic content decreased as the temperature increased from 300 °C to 500 °C. It was observed that the amount of aliphatic fraction in the oil decreased from 7.8 wt. % to 5.4 wt. %. In the meantime, the number of aromatic compounds increased from 37.4 wt. % to 51.2 wt. %. The main aromatic compounds were limonene, xylene, styrene, toluene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene and benzene.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Copyrolysis of Lignite and Pistachio Seed in a Fixed-bed Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Özlem Onay
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Co-pyrolysis of lignite and pistachio seed (CPLPS) under nitrogen gas was performed in a Heinze retort. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on product distribution of CPLPS investigated under heating rate of 10°Cmin-1 and blending ratio of 50(wt)%. Biomass is higher yield to be pyrolyzed than lignite and addition of biomass promotes the pyrolysis of lignite. In the range of the experimental conditions investigated the yield of the product is proportional to pyrolysis temperature. On the other hand, considerable synergetic effects were observed during the co-pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor leading to increase in oil yield. Maximum pyrolysis oil yield of 27.2% was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 550°C. The obtained oils are characterized by GC, and elemental analysis.

Experimental Studies on Thermal and Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Groundnut Shell to Pyrolytic Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
R.M. Alagu ◽  
E. Ganapathy Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Groundnut Shell

Pyrolysis process in a fixed bed reactor was performed to derive pyrolytic oil from groundnut shell. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters to establish optimum conditions with respect to maximum pyrolytic oil yield. Pyrolysis process was carried out without catalyst (thermal pyrolysis) and with catalyst (catalytic pyrolysis). The Kaolin is used as a catalyst for this study. The maximum pyrolytic oil yield (39%wt) was obtained at 450°C temperature for 1.18- 2.36 mm of particle size and heating rate of 60°C/min. The properties of pyrolytic oil obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to identify the functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil. The study found that catalytic pyrolysis produce more pyrolytic oil yield and improve the pH value, viscosity and calorific value of the pyrolytic oil as compared to thermal pyrolysis.

Characteristics of Gaseous Produced from Co-Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste and Corn Stalk

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 947-951
Author(s):  
Jin Wei Jia ◽  
Ming Yuan Lu ◽  
Yue Fu Yuan ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Feng Sheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Gaseous Products

An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and corn stalk was performed in a fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The effect of different blending ratio on the pyrolysis product yields and compositions of the gaseous products was investigated. The results indicated that there exist synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and corn stalk. Under the different blending ratio conditions, the char and liquid yields were lower than the theoretical values calculated on pyrolysis of each individual municipal solid waste and corn stalk, and consequently the gas yields were higher. H2 and CH4 obtained co-pyrolysis at 800°C-900°C of 40% blending ratio conditions were higher than those of municipal solid waste and corn stalk alone.

The Fixed Bed Reaction of Residual Natural Rubber for Oil Production by Pyrolysis Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Khanita Kamwilaisak ◽  
Mallika Thabuot
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Reaction ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Chemical Feedstock

The aim of this study is to use pyrolysis reaction to produce oil product as a fuel or chemical feedstock. The fixed bed reactor was used as a pyrolysis system. The pyrolysis reaction of residual para rubber was operated in the absence of catalyse. The operating conditions such as particle size (0.5 and 1.0 cm3) and pyrolysis temperature (500, 550 and 600 OC) were studied under N2 conditions and retention time 90 min. The result shows the para rubber size 1.0 cm3 can be produced liquid phase more than of para rubber size of 0.5 cm3. The optimised condition with the highest oil yield was at 550OC with rubber size of 1.0 cm3. The percentage of the product was 60% of liquid, 35% of gas and 5% of solid (char). Furthermore, the FTIR result can be presented the supported evidence that the transformation of aliphatic contents to be aromatic contents was increased with increased temperature. Also, GCMS analysis was used for the identification and quantification of the product. It was found 5 major products that can be used as a chemical feedstock. The maximum amount of component was 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (Isooctyl phthalate) with 22.08%. This is a plasticizer with higher cost than fuel.

Thermolysis of microalgae and duckweed in a CO2-swept fixed-bed reactor: Bio-oil yield and compositional effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandrina Campanella ◽  
Rachel Muncrief ◽  
Michael P. Harold ◽  
David C. Griffith ◽  
Norman M. Whitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Compositional Effects

Fast Pyrolysis of Safflower Seed in the Presence of Catalyst

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
O¨zlem Onay ◽  
O¨. Mete Koc¸kar
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques

In this study, the safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was used as biomass sample for catalytic pyrolysis using commercial catalyst (Criterion-454) in the nitrogen atmosphere. Experimental studies were conducted in a well-swept resistively heated fixed bed reactor with a heating rate of 300°Cmin−1, a final pyrolysis temperature of 550°C and particle size of 0.6–0.85 mm. In order to establish the effect of catalyst ratio on the pyrolysis yields, experiments were conducted at a range of catalyst ratios between 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20% (w/w). The bio-oils were characterized by elemental analysis and some spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques.

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