Fast Pyrolysis of Safflower Seed in the Presence of Catalyst

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
O¨zlem Onay ◽  
O¨. Mete Koc¸kar
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Safflower Seed ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques

In this study, the safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was used as biomass sample for catalytic pyrolysis using commercial catalyst (Criterion-454) in the nitrogen atmosphere. Experimental studies were conducted in a well-swept resistively heated fixed bed reactor with a heating rate of 300°Cmin−1, a final pyrolysis temperature of 550°C and particle size of 0.6–0.85 mm. In order to establish the effect of catalyst ratio on the pyrolysis yields, experiments were conducted at a range of catalyst ratios between 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20% (w/w). The bio-oils were characterized by elemental analysis and some spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques.

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass With Activated Alumina

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funda Ates¸
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

In this study, corncob was chosen as a biomass sample and the pyrolysis of this sample was carried out with or without catalyst at different conditions in a well-swept fixed-bed reactor. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then, experiments were conducted with a heating rate of 700 °C/min, mean particle size and between 300–800 °C pyrolysis temperatures with or without catalyst. The catalytic experiments involved a dry mixing of the catalyst with the biomass using an in bed-mode in the nitrogen atmosphere. In the experimental studies, influence of catalyst and temperature on the corncob products was investigated. According to the experimental results; maximum bio-oil yield was obtained as 36.1% and 34.8% with or without catalyst at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, respectively. The use of catalyst showed its cracking effect at higher temperatures and the gas yield increased above pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis and GC/MS. According to all results; the use of catalyst can be suggested in the pyrolysis to obtain both good quality fuels and valuable chemicals.

Experimental Studies on Thermal and Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Groundnut Shell to Pyrolytic Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
R.M. Alagu ◽  
E. Ganapathy Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Groundnut Shell

Pyrolysis process in a fixed bed reactor was performed to derive pyrolytic oil from groundnut shell. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters to establish optimum conditions with respect to maximum pyrolytic oil yield. Pyrolysis process was carried out without catalyst (thermal pyrolysis) and with catalyst (catalytic pyrolysis). The Kaolin is used as a catalyst for this study. The maximum pyrolytic oil yield (39%wt) was obtained at 450°C temperature for 1.18- 2.36 mm of particle size and heating rate of 60°C/min. The properties of pyrolytic oil obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to identify the functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil. The study found that catalytic pyrolysis produce more pyrolytic oil yield and improve the pH value, viscosity and calorific value of the pyrolytic oil as compared to thermal pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Qing Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

Experiment Investigation Absorption of Mercury by Modified Fly Ash Dust Layer Attaching on Filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Yong Fa Diao
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Dust Layer ◽  
Modified Fly Ash

As to figure out the effect that modified fly ash, which is prepared by fly ash –CaO, and modified fly ash dust layer attached on the surface of the filter material adsorbed elemental mercury, experimental studies are administrated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor system with gaseous elemental mercury produced by a mercury vapor generator and simulated flue gas composition. The experimental results indicated that the adsorption performance of fly ash and CaO relatively poor. The proportion of CaO in the modified fly ash will affected the mercury removal efficiency of the absorbent which prepared by fly ash and CaO. It will be an optimal effect when the blend ratio of the flying ash and CaO is 2 to 1, and the maximum removal efficiency is up to 34%.As the adsorption temperature increases the removal efficiency of the modified fly ash deteriorates. The efficiency of dust layer attaching on the surface of the filter material is getting higher with the larger porosity of dust layer and smaller particle material size.

The Fixed Bed Reaction of Residual Natural Rubber for Oil Production by Pyrolysis Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Khanita Kamwilaisak ◽  
Mallika Thabuot
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Reaction ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Chemical Feedstock

The aim of this study is to use pyrolysis reaction to produce oil product as a fuel or chemical feedstock. The fixed bed reactor was used as a pyrolysis system. The pyrolysis reaction of residual para rubber was operated in the absence of catalyse. The operating conditions such as particle size (0.5 and 1.0 cm3) and pyrolysis temperature (500, 550 and 600 OC) were studied under N2 conditions and retention time 90 min. The result shows the para rubber size 1.0 cm3 can be produced liquid phase more than of para rubber size of 0.5 cm3. The optimised condition with the highest oil yield was at 550OC with rubber size of 1.0 cm3. The percentage of the product was 60% of liquid, 35% of gas and 5% of solid (char). Furthermore, the FTIR result can be presented the supported evidence that the transformation of aliphatic contents to be aromatic contents was increased with increased temperature. Also, GCMS analysis was used for the identification and quantification of the product. It was found 5 major products that can be used as a chemical feedstock. The maximum amount of component was 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (Isooctyl phthalate) with 22.08%. This is a plasticizer with higher cost than fuel.

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