Retrospective Review of the Development of the Concepts of Consonance and Dissonance: On the Problem of Musical and Aesthetic as well as Physical and Mathematical Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bieliavina ◽  
Volodymyr Bieliavin
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Music And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Interpretation ◽  
Consonance And Dissonance

"The research aimed at a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the development of “consonance and dissonance” as a musical and aesthetic category in physical and mathematical interpretation; defining the notion of consonance as a musical theoretical and aesthetic category, confirming the relevance of its use in physical and mathematical terminology to explain acoustic phenomena. Research methodology is based on the use of the retrospective method (or the retrospection method), which allowed identifying the theories of consonance and dissonance in the historical retrospective. The periodization method was used to find out individual stages in the development of science in order to discover the leading directions of scientific thought, identify new elements relating to various aspects of “consonance” and “dissonance”. The study of the retrospective review of the development of the notions of consonance and dissonance in the physical and mathematical interpretation involved an interdisciplinary method a way of organizing research work, providing for the interaction of music and mathematics in the study of consonance and dissonance. Scientific novelty. This study is the first to reflect the general tendency towards the mathematization of the humanities and the humanitarization of the physical and mathematical areas of modern culture. Some provisions of musical acoustics were clarified in the context of creating a harmonious conceptual structure. The article presents the author’s concept of clarifying the notion of phase in relation to the spectral structure of an audio signal based on the notion “slightly mistuned consonance”. Conclusions. A retrospective review of the development of the notions of consonance and dissonance in the physical and mathematical interpretation was carried out and presented as a comprehensive description and review of the formation of concepts in the temporal sequence of their creation. Retrospectiveness through a review of significant discoveries and achievements in music and natural science allowed tracing the formation of the theories of consonance and dissonance from the standpoint of the interdisciplinarity of modern knowledge in the humanities. The further process of the development of sound musical art technologies requires a significantly higher scientific level of their study, the creation of a coherent conceptual system based on modern physical and mathematical sciences as well as computer science to explain sound acoustic phenomena. Keywords: consonance, dissonance, mistuned consonance, overtone, harmonics, beats, phase, spectral component"

scholarly journals Using information processing algorithms that factor in the effect of secondary modulation of radar signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
V. A. Bratkov ◽  
A. A. Sentsov ◽  
V. B. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Signal Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Radar Station ◽  
Reflected Signal ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an assessment of the impact the dynamic structures of power systems of aircraft systems have on the spectrum of the reflected radar signal. In the conditions of autonomous actions of the fighter, the tasks of long-range detection of airborne targets are assigned directly to the onboard radar station. It is necessary to resolve the contradictions associated with increasing the detection range without changing the energy indicators of the onboard radar station. This is possible by optimizing the processing of many spectral components of the signal reflected from the propeller and turboprop engine of airborne targets. The location of propeller reflections in the spectrum of the reflected signal is determined by the technical parameters of the power plant and its mode of operation. The percent of the total energy of the reflected signal spectrum outside the main spectral component is comparable with the energy reflected from the airframe of the aviation complex, most of which is the energy reflected from the rotating elements of power plants. Therefore, the development of an algorithm for detecting a signal with a complex spectral structure that maximizes the probability of detection under time and computational resources restrictions is a very relevant scientific task. The scientific novelty lies in the development of an algorithm for detecting a signal with a complex spectral structure and its detection characteristics taking the effect of secondary modulation into account as well as in the development of practical recommendations for optimizing algorithms for detecting airborne targets. Using the developed algorithm in the fighter’s pulse-Doppler radar station will increase the detection range of an air target against the background of interfering reflections from the water surface.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED BINAURAL DIGITAL HEARING AIDS FOR HEARING-IMPAIRED PEOPLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 910-916
Author(s):  
DBN Nnadi ◽  
NC Onu ◽  
SE Oti ◽  
CU Ogbuefi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Input Unit ◽  
Digital Hearing Aids ◽  
Impaired People

This research paper expounds microcontroller based binaural digital hearing aids for hearing-impaired people by making use of ATmega328 microcontroller and other circuitries to process the audio signal input by either increasing or reducing the gain level of input audio signal, filter background noise, frequencies compression, save battery power and minimize circuit by making use of the internal ADC of the microcontroller and two PMW pins of the microcontroller as DAC. Hearing impairment among the youths and adults nowadays are in the increase, due wrong use of phones of which every minute of the day someone’s earphone is on listening to one type of music or the other. In other to solve the problem created so to say this research work was conceived and given birth to. The different stages of digital hearing aid are designed and then simulated first in Proteus software which then was implemented using PCB-board. The main components of this system were the audio input unit which consists of the microphone and its pre-amplifier, the microcontroller (ATmega328) which consists of the ADC, the DAC and the audio signal processing, the filter stage and control codes (frequencies compression codes, power saver codes, acoustic feedback control codes, signal level control and adaptive adjustment codes etc.), the power amplifier and volume control unit and then the earphones (output). The control codes were written in C language while Ardinuo Uno compiler was used to write the codes into ATmega328.  The prototype has an overall system gain of 27dB and the power output of 32.5mW. The prototype was tested with a patient that has a hearing impairment and the patient was satisfactory with the device. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.34

scholarly journals PILOT STUDIES OF PROCESS OF VIBROACOUSTIC DYNAMICS AT LOCAL HARDENING OF DETAILS A SHARIKO-ROD UPROCHNITEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
S. A. Morozov ◽  
A. N. Chukarin
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
World Market ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Working Zone

Objectives The most important problem of modern mechanical engineering is increase in durability of products, their efficiency and competitiveness in the world market. The equipment for machining creates the increased noise levels in a working zone of operators. Now regularities of formation of acoustic characteristics are studied generally for metal-cutting and woodworking machines of various types. Formation of the sound field at shariko-rod hardening is studied insufficiently. The purpose of researches which results are given in this article consisted in studying of regularities of spectral structure of noise and vibrations when processing ShSU of details with various ways of fixing. Method. In the course of pilot studies the known methods of measurement and processing of experimental data in relation to acoustic and vibration characteristics were used. Results. It is established that noise ranges at ShSU of details with various ways of fixing have identical regularities of a shumoobrazovaniye and are characterized by pronounced high-frequency character. It is proved that the dominating sources yaa-lyatsya the strengthened detail and an uprochnitel. Conclusion. Sizes of excesses of levels of sound pressure systems "up-rochnitel-detal2 in a high-frequency part of a range 500-8000gts are installed. The established regularities of formation of spectral structure are a basis for the choice of means of decrease in noise levels. Work is performed within initiative research work.

scholarly journals Musical note onset detection based on a spectral sparsity measure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Mounir ◽  
Peter Karsmakers ◽  
Toon van Waterschoot
Keyword(s):  
Audio Signal ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Onset Detection ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Music Information

AbstractIf music is the language of the universe, musical note onsets may be the syllables for this language. Not only do note onsets define the temporal pattern of a musical piece, but their time-frequency characteristics also contain rich information about the identity of the musical instrument producing the notes. Note onset detection (NOD) is the basic component for many music information retrieval tasks and has attracted significant interest in audio signal processing research. In this paper, we propose an NOD method based on a novel feature coined as Normalized Identification of Note Onset based on Spectral Sparsity (NINOS2). The NINOS2 feature can be thought of as a spectral sparsity measure, aiming to exploit the difference in spectral sparsity between the different parts of a musical note. This spectral structure is revealed when focusing on low-magnitude spectral components that are traditionally filtered out when computing note onset features. We present an extensive set of NOD simulation results covering a wide range of instruments, playing styles, and mixing options. The proposed algorithm consistently outperforms the baseline Logarithmic Spectral Flux (LSF) feature for the most difficult group of instruments which are the sustained-strings instruments. It also shows better performance for challenging scenarios including polyphonic music and vibrato performances.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Based Study on Analyzing of Habits and with History of Diseases of Patients for Prediction of Recurrence of Disease Due to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Shawni Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Health Records ◽  
General Drug ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Disease

A patient will visit physicians when he/she feels ill. This illness is not for COVID-19 but it is a general tendency of human being to visit doctor probably it can not be controlled by general drug. When a patient comes to a doctor, the doctor examines him/her after knowing his/her problem. The physician always asks him/her about some questions related to him/her daily life. For example, if a young male patient comes to a doctor with a symptom of fever and cough, the first question doctor asked him that he has a habit of smoking. Then doctor asks him whether this type of symptom appeared often to him previously or not. If the answers of both questions are yes, then the first one is habit and the second one is that he may suffering from some serious disease or a disease due to the weather. The aim of this paper is to consider habit of the patient as well as he/she has been affected by a critical disease. This information is used to build a model that will predict whether there is any possibility of his/her being affected by COVID-19. This research work contributes to tackle the pandemic situation occurred due to Corona Virus Infectious Disease, 2019 (Covid-19). Outbreak of this disease happens based on numerous factors such as past health records and habits of patients. Health records include diabetes tendency, cardiovascular disease existence, pregnancy, asthma, hypertension, pneumonia; chronic renal disease may contribute to this disease occurrence. Past lifestyles such as tobacco, alcohol consumption may be analyzed. A deep learning based framework is investigated to verify the relationship between past health records, habits of patients and covid-19 occurrence. A stacked Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) based model is proposed in this paper that identifies whether a patient can be infected by this disease or not. The proposed predictive system is compared against existing benchmark Machine Learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT).

scholarly journals Evaluation of mixture swirl in the cylinder chamber in a conceptual system with combustion surrounded by inactive gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Wojciech CIEŚLIK ◽  
Ireneusz PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Internal combustion engines have seen a reduction of the dynamics of their efficiency growth in recent years. All kinds of new modifications and changes introduced in this field can only manage changes of engine efficiency at the level of a fraction of a percent. Considering the concept of unification of SI and CI internal combustion engine structures, one can expect to see their efficiency increase by the reduction of losses, whose causes and occurrence is commonly known. The improvement of the combustion system is mainly related to the reduction of thermal losses generated in this process. Therefore, the current issue is the advanced analysis of any possibilities of improving the combustion conditions and more fully understanding the processes that accompany them. The authors of the article see such a possibility in the conceptual control of the combustion process, which aims to obtain a combustible mixture surrounded by nonflammable gases. This way the flame contact with the cylinder walls is limited, which should in turn contribute to reducing the heat exchange with the walls. This research is a continuation of previous research work; current work focuses on determining the actual distribution of gases in the combustion chamber using the advanced shadow photography method. The article specifies the effect of nonflammable gas injection pressure increase on the area of the boundary layer formed between the non-flammable gases and cylinder walls.

scholarly journals A Conceptual System on Ubiquitous Cardiovascular Health-Care System (UCHS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soobia Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Ecg Data ◽  
Care System

In a cardio center, heart-care monitoring system,it is essential to continually monitor the patient's physiologicalparameters such as heart patient parameters like heart rate andblood pressure to control their health conditions on an immediatebasis. In this research work, a Ubiquitous CardiovascularHealth-Care System (UCHS) model is proposed that focuses thecollaboration and mobility features in the proportion of workinginside and outside of the hospital to interact with each other. Theresearch study presents a model of a wearable UCHS, using anElectrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors.The model suggests an uninterruptible healthcare system basedon the ubiquitous wearable system being used to control cardiacissues to access, updated patient medical records anytime andanywhere. The physiological measurements of ECG data andother body activities data are transmitted for remote monitoringto the doctor's ubiquitous wearable device through the basestation, based on the ad-hoc network using IEEE 802.15.4 and tohospital main-server.

Optimization of the Ratio of Sampling Rate to Quantization Level for the Reconstruction of Audio Signal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Md. Salim Raza ◽  
Nahid Hasan ◽  
Sayed Tonmoy Ahamed ◽  
Kazi Ghulam Mostafa ◽  
Mohammad Rabiul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Quantization Level ◽  
High Data ◽  
Reconstructed Signal ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Digital Communication System

Background and Objective: In this research work, the basic digital communication system with frequency shift keying modulation technique has been implemented in MATLAB. Methods: The same sinusoidal signal in audio frequency range has been transmitted and reconstructed with the different number of quantization level and sampling rate, where sampling frequency has been taken according to the Nyquist theorem. It has been seen that reconstructed signal at low data rate has appeared with better resolution compared with the reconstructed signal at the high data rate. Results and Conclusion: In this regard, it is evident that the resolution of a reconstructed signal not only depends on data rate but it also depends on the ratio of sampling rate to quantization level. So it is required to optimize the ratio of sampling rate to quantization level before transmitting audio signal.

scholarly journals A Conceptual System on Ubiquitous Cardiovascular Health-Care System (UCHS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soobia Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Ecg Data ◽  
Care System

In a cardio center, heart-care monitoring system,it is essential to continually monitor the patient's physiologicalparameters such as heart patient parameters like heart rate andblood pressure to control their health conditions on an immediatebasis. In this research work, a Ubiquitous CardiovascularHealth-Care System (UCHS) model is proposed that focuses thecollaboration and mobility features in the proportion of workinginside and outside of the hospital to interact with each other. Theresearch study presents a model of a wearable UCHS, using anElectrocardiogram (ECG) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors.The model suggests an uninterruptible healthcare system basedon the ubiquitous wearable system being used to control cardiacissues to access, updated patient medical records anytime andanywhere. The physiological measurements of ECG data andother body activities data are transmitted for remote monitoringto the doctor's ubiquitous wearable device through the basestation, based on the ad-hoc network using IEEE 802.15.4 and tohospital main-server.

Enumeration and Identification of Asbestos Fibres in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mudroch ◽  
J. R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
List Type ◽  
The West ◽  
Asbestos Fibre ◽  
Amphibole Asbestos

Approximately 60,000 tons per day of waste from taconite mining, tailing, are added to the west arm of Lake Superior at Silver Bay. Tailings contain nearly the same amount of quartz and amphibole asbestos, cummingtonite and actinolite in fibrous form. Cummingtonite fibres from 0.01μm in length have been found in the water supply for Minnesota municipalities.The purpose of the research work was to develop a method for asbestos fibre counts and identification in water and apply it for the enumeration of fibres in water samples collected(a) at various stations in Lake Superior at two depth: lm and at the bottom.(b) from various rivers in Lake Superior Drainage Basin.

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