Die zuverlässigen Schriften bei Josephus in Contra Apionem

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Viktor Kókai-Nagy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Sources ◽  
Jewish Historiography ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. The Reliable Sources of Josephus in Contra Apionem. At the beginning of Contra Apionem, Josephus argues for the authenticity and reliability of himself and Jewish historiography. The Scriptures play an important role in this argumentation. In our study, we list the warranty criteria that the author names for the 22 historically authentic books. And we are looking for an answer to the question of whether, on the basis of these criteria, only these 22 books can be truly considered an authentic source of Jewish historiography. Josephus saw himself as a translator and interpreter of historical sources. His sources consist of various writings, including the 22 books. The authenticity and reliability of his interpretation is guaranteed by his ancestry, his knowledge of the Jewish “philosophical” schools, his prophetic abilities, and the constant correction of his work by others. It can be said with a high degree of probability that the 22 books appear as a justification in his argumentation: if the Jews were able to write, preserve, and pass on such documents, then the same accuracy and reliability could be presumed from later generations – up to and including Josephus. Keywords: Josephus, Contra Apionem, the Scriptures, historiography, the Diadochi, reliability

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRST GEORADAR RESEARCH ON THE TERRITORY OF THE DNU PALACE OF STUDENTS OF THE CENTRAL PARK OF CULTURE NAMED AFTER T.G. SHEVCHENKO IN DNIPRO

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
V.L. SEDIN ◽  
Ye.A. BAUSK ◽  
V.Yu. ULIANOV ◽  
V. V. KOVBA ◽  
S.V. IIEVLEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Building Designs ◽  
High Degree

Problem statement. Geophysical research at the location of the Palace of Students of DNU (formerPotiomkin Palace) in the Central Park of Culture. T.G. Shevchenko city of Dnipro were held in connection with theissue of the existence of hidden underground structures and confirmation of the historical legend, long existing aroundthis monument of architecture of the XVIII century. In the course of the research, a georadar survey was carried out,which involved a careful analysis of historical sources, which should refute the legend or, conversely, confirm it. Thestudies were performed using MALA georadar with operating frequencies of 250 MHz and, 800 MHz (very limitedly).Purpose of the article. The purpose of the work was to clarify the state of existing utilities, as well as the search forhidden ancient structures in the Central Park of Culture. T.G. Shevchenko in the areas adjacent to the building of the thePalace of Students of DNU. The research was also carried out on Shevchenko Square (formerly called Palace Square)near the central entrance to the park. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted researches of the received georadarprofiles features of display of superficial and deepened building designs, aquifers and other communications on sites ofdry and moistened loess soils of the given territory were revealed. In the areas of possible leaks in moist loam soils, anyobjects, at working depths at a frequency of 250 MHz by the device, were not reflected due to the high degree of signalattenuation. When deciphering the radar patterns on Shevchenko Square, the excavation work carried out for thereconstruction of the area proved to be a significant help. No anomalies indicating the presence of sufficientlyvoluminous linear underground structures were found on the georadar profiles of this area, which is confirmed by theresults of photofixation during excavation. The conducted researches can be considered only primary and providecarrying out of further more detailed researches on the chosen sites, including in the building. As information onpreviously performed georadar surveys on the territory of the Palace of Students of DNU and adjacent to the park −Shevchenko Square could not be found, the conducted Laboratory of research of nuclear and thermal power plants PSACEAsurveys can be considered the first of its kind.

Conversion, Identity, and Memory in Iranian-Jewish Historiography: The Jews of Mashhad

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ariane Sadjed
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Jewish Historiography ◽  
History Of

Abstract The paper discusses the narratives of Jews from Mashhad, who were forced to convert to Islam in 1839. The community narrative as well as academic research is dominated by a modern understanding of religious identity and religious boundaries that fail to account for the diversity of practices among the community of converts, including multiple forms of religious belonging, and the switching of identities according to time and place. Based on historical sources and interviews with descendants from the Mashhadi community, the paper traces how a particular narrative of the history of the Jews from Mashhad prevailed and which significance this narrative entails for Mashhadi community and identity until today. While the Jews from Mashhad are a rather unique case among Iranian Jews–due to the long period in which they lived as converts–their pattern of memory building reflects a general trend among Jews from the Muslim world to assimilate to modern ideas of being Jewish.

scholarly journals DIACHRONIC RECONSTRUCTION OF LOST CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES. STUDY CASE OF THE MEDIEVAL WALL OF AVILA (SPAIN)

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 975-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rodríguez-Gonzálvez ◽  
S. Cardozo Mamani ◽  
A. Guerra Campo ◽  
L. J. Sánchez-Aparicio ◽  
S. del Pozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser System ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Study Case ◽  
High Degree

The integration of the fourth dimension into the geospatial data allows to generate a diachronic model of Cultural Heritage (CH) assets, namely, a set of 3D models to represent it in various historical phases. This kind of reconstruction pursues a better understanding of the CH site/scenario, enriching the historical hypotheses as well as contributing to the conservation and decisionmaking process. Although the new geotechnologies have reduced the amount of fieldwork, the generation of 4D model implies the interpretation of heterogeneous historical information sources and their integration. However, this situation could reach a critical point when the study elements are no longer present. Their reconstruction will allow the digital preservation and maintenance of our culture. The main challenge is to harmonize the different historical and archaeological data sources available in relation with the current remains, to recover the lost CH assets with a high degree of reliability. This manuscript aims to examine the study case of a diachronic reconstruction by means of the use of the geotechnology Mobile Laser System (MLS) and reverse engineering techniques for a lost urban CH element, the citadel or <i>Alcázar</i> Gate of Ávila. Within this aim, the derived product is evaluated in terms of the achieved accuracy to assess its suitability on the basis of constructive interpretations required to integrate the historical sources in relation to current remains and the surrounding.

Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Adrian F. van Dellen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Determination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

New Aspects in the Design of Electron Optical Magnification Systems

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Willem H.J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Chromatic Aberrations ◽  
High Degree

Electron microscope design, and particularly the design of the imaging system, has reached a high degree of perfection. Present objective lenses perform up to their theoretical limit, while the whole imaging system, consisting of three or four lenses, provides very wide ranges of magnification and diffraction camera length with virtually no distortion of the image. Evolution of the electron microscope in to a routine research tool in which objects of steadily increasing thickness are investigated, has made it necessary for the designer to pay special attention to the chromatic aberrations of the magnification system (as distinct from the chromatic aberration of the objective lens). These chromatic aberrations cause edge un-sharpness of the image due to electrons which have suffered energy losses in the object.There exist two kinds of chromatic aberration of the magnification system; the chromatic change of magnification, characterized by the coefficient Cm, and the chromatic change of rotation given by Cp.

Cytoplasmic Organization in the Receptor Cells of the Crista Ampullaris

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 60-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Cuticular Plate ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
General Appearance

Receptor cells of the cristae in the vestibular labyrinth of the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, show a high degree of morphological organization. Four specialized regions may be distinguished: the apical region, the supranuclear region, the paranuclear region, and the basilar region.The apical region includes a single kinocilium, approximately 40 stereocilia, and many small microvilli all projecting from the apical cell surface into the lumen of the ampulla. A cuticular plate, located at the base of the stereocilia, contains filamentous attachments of the stereocilia, and has the general appearance of a homogeneous aggregation of fine particles (Fig. 1). An accumulation of mitochondria is located within the cytoplasm basal to the cuticular plate.

Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
E. R. Macagno ◽  
C. Levinthal
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Crustacean ◽  
Optic Ganglion ◽  
Structural Invariance ◽  
High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

Feasibility of Molecular Structure Determination With a High Resolution Electron Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Helical Axis ◽  
Base Plane ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Order ◽  
Purine Pyrimidine

An ultimate design goal for an improved electron microscope, aimed at biological applications, is the determination of the structure of complex bio-molecules. As a prototype of this class of problems, we propose to examine the possibility of reading DNA sequence by an imaginable instrument design. This problem ideally combines absolute importance and relative simplicity, in as much as the problem of enzyme structure seems to be a much more difficult one.The proposed technique involves the deposition on a thin graphite lamina of intact double helical DNA rods. If the structure can be maintained under vacuum conditions, we can then make use of the high degree of order to greatly reduce the work involved in discriminating between the four possible purine-pyrimidine arrangements in each base plane. The phosphorus atoms of the back bone form in projection (the helical axis being necessarily parallel to the substrate surface) two intertwined sinusoids. If these phosphorus atoms have been located up to a certain point on the molecule, we have available excellent information on the orientation of the base plane at that point, and can then locate in projection the key atoms for discrimination of the four alternatives.

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