scholarly journals The complexity of non-sense making: a proposal of complex medical sociology of mental disorders.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Manuel Torres Cubeiro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Sociology ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

The article describes social complexity of the biographical accounts of those connected with a mental disorder diagnosis in Galicia, a Northwest Spanish Autonomous Community. 147 biographies associated with Mental Disorders diagnosis (MD) have been collected and gathered in three groups differently linked to these conditions. Our first group has lived with a diagnosis of MD for at least 10 years (65 interviews and data from 300 people). Our second cluster of people shares their lives with those with a MD diagnosis mainly with a family relative bound (19 interviews and data from 300 families). Our third group, gathers Galician mental health medical professionals from three mental health units and other mental health facilities which medically and administratively manage people with a MD diagnosis and their relatives (63 biographies). Using data from these biographies, we have constructed three interconnected biographical profiles early published (Torres Cubeiro 2009b) using a social systems theory approach based in Niklas Luhmann sociology.

scholarly journals Impact of mental disorders on attendance at school

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Vaille Dawson ◽  
Stephen Houghton ◽  
Ben Goodsell ◽  
Michael G Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Australian Child ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Using Data

Mental disorders are among the most common and disabling conditions affecting children and adolescents. Patterns of school attendance among students with and without mental disorders were examined using data from the 2013–2014 Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. One in seven school students had a mental disorder in the previous 12 months, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety being the most common. Students with a mental disorder had lower school attendance – being absent for 11.8 days per year in Years 1–6, 23.1 days per year in Years 7–10 and 25.8 days per year in Years 11–12, on average. In comparison, students without mental disorders were absent an average of 8.3 days (Years 1–6), 10.6 days (Years 7–10) and 12.0 days (Years 11–12) per year. Among students with a mental disorder, absences due to the disorder accounted for 13.4% of all days absent from school. This increased across years in school from 8.9% in Years 1–6 to 16.6% in Years 11–12. Improving prevention, early intervention, treatment and management of mental disorders may lead to significant improvements in school attendance.

scholarly journals Bridging the mental health treatment gap: effects of a collaborative care intervention (matrix support) in the detection and treatment of mental disorders in a Brazilian city

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e000263
Author(s):  
Sonia Saraiva ◽  
Max Bachmann ◽  
Matheus Andrade ◽  
Alberto Liria
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

ObjectiveTo analyse temporal trends in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care following implementation of a collaborative care intervention (matrix support).DesignDynamic cohort design with retrospective time-series analysis. Structured secondary data on medical visits to general practitioners of all study clinics were extracted from the municipal electronic records database. Annual changes in the odds of mental disorders diagnoses and antidepressants prescriptions were estimated by multiple logistic regression at visit and patient-year levels with diagnoses or prescriptions as outcomes. Annual changes during two distinct stages of the intervention (stage 1 when it was restricted to mental health (2005–2009), and stage 2 when it was expanded to other areas (2010–2015)) were compared by adding year–period interaction terms to each model.Setting49 primary care clinics in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil.ParticipantsAll adults attending primary care clinics of the study setting between 2005 and 2015.Results3 131 983 visits representing 322 100 patients were analysed. At visit level, the odds of mental disorder diagnosis increased by 13% per year during stage 1 (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.14, p<0.001) and decreased by 5% thereafter (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.95, p<0.001). The odds of incident mental disorder diagnoses decreased by 1% per year during stage 1 (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.00, p=0.012) and decreased by 7% per year during stage 2 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.93, p<0.001). The odds of antidepressant prescriptions in patients with a mental disorder diagnosis increased by 7% per year during stage 1 (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, p<0.001); this was driven by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescriptions which increased 14% per year during stage 1 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.18, p<0.001) and 9% during stage 2 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.10, p<0.001). The odds of incident antidepressant prescriptions did not increase during stage 1 (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02, p=0.665) and increased by 3% during stage 2 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04, p<0.001). Changes per year were all significantly greater during stage 1 than stage 2 (p values for interaction terms <0.05), except for antidepressant prescriptions during visits (p=0.172).ConclusionThe matrix support intervention may increase diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders when inter-professional collaboration is adequately supported. Competing demands to the primary care teams can subsequently reduce these effects. Future studies should assess clinical outcomes and identify active components and factors associated with successful implementation.

scholarly journals Mental Health among Spanish Adults with Diabetes: Findings from a Population-Based Case–Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6088
Author(s):  
Marta Lopez-Herranz ◽  
Rodrigo Jiménez-García ◽  
Zichen Ji ◽  
Javier de Miguel-Diez ◽  
David Carabantes-Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Patient Variables ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Using Data

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of self-reported mental disorders, psychological distress, and psychotropic drug consumption among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and matched non-DM controls. Methods: A case–controlled study using data from the Spanish National Health Interview Survey was conducted in 2017. We identified 2116 DM adults (aged ≥35 years). Non-DM controls were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and province of residence. Results: Prevalence of mental disorders (25.0% vs. 19.2%; p < 0.001), psychological distress (29% vs. 19.5%; p < 0.001), and consumption of psychiatric medications (29.7% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) among DM cases were higher than those among matched non-DM controls. The DM patient variables associated with experiencing a mental disorder, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications were: being a woman, worse self-rated health, and a visit to a psychologist within the last year. Older age (≥80 years) was associated with a lower probability of reporting mental disorders and psychological distress among DM cases. Not practicing physical exercise was significantly associated with experiencing psychological distress. Conclusions: Adults with DM included in our investigation have a significantly higher prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications than non-DM controls. It is necessary to implement screening strategies and psychological interventions to improve the mental health of DM patients in Spain, focusing especially on women and those aged 35 to 59 years.

scholarly journals Exploring Deeper Causes Linking Adolescents’ Mental Disorder to Mobile Phone Usage Problems: A Grounded Theory Approach (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Sun ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Yinan Zhang ◽  
Bing Gui ◽  
Zhenmi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
Family Bonding

BACKGROUND Evidence from a variety of studies links mobile phone usage (MPU) with the increase in mental health problems, with the situation being particularly prevalent in China and exacerbated by the COVID-19 quarantine. OBJECTIVE To reveal underlying connections between MPU and mental disorders of adolescents and develop a theory to help parents and counseling psychologists better understand and intervene in future cases. METHODS 37 teenagers having both mental health and MPU problems, along with their parents were included for individual interviews. These interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using qualitative methods of grounded theory (GT). RESULTS Grades-ranking-only judgment is one of the main factors causing problems such as defective family bonding and peer influences, pushing teenagers with mental disorders to seek comfort in the virtual world through their cellphones. CONCLUSIONS This theory is not only inspiring for psychological counseling and therapy on adolescents with mental problems, but it is also beneficial for school educators and parents to better understand the adolescents. Findings of the study are also particularly noteworthy during the current period when parents whose works are substantially affected by the pandemic should try to build a relaxing and cozy atmosphere at home to avoid possible conflict outbreaks.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of concurrent opioid agonist treatment and physician-based mental health services for patients with mental disorders in Ontario, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243317
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Morin ◽  
Joseph K. Eibl ◽  
Joseph M. Caswell ◽  
Brian Rush ◽  
Christopher Mushquash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between concurrent physician-based mental health services, all-cause mortality, and acute health service use for individuals enrolled in Opioid Agonist Treatment in Ontario, Canada. Methods A cohort study of patients enrolled in opioid agonist treatment in Ontario was conducted between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, in Ontario with an inverse probability of treatment weights using the propensity score to estimate the effect of physician-based mental health services. Treatment groups were created based on opioid agonist treatment patients’ utilization of physician-based mental health services. Propensity score weighted odds ratios were calculated to assess the relationship between the treatment groups and the outcomes of interest. The outcomes included all-cause mortality using data from the Registered Persons Database, Emergency Department visits from the National Ambulatory Care Database, and hospitalizations using data from the Discharge Abstract Database. Encrypted patient identifiers were used to link across databases. Results A total of 48,679 individuals in OAT with mental disorders. Opioid agonist treatment alone was associated with reduced odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–0.4). Patients who received mental health services from a psychiatrist and primary care physician while engaged in OAT, the estimated rate of ED visits per year was higher (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and the rate of hospitalizations (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.6) than in the control group. Conclusion Our findings support the view that opioid agonist treatment and concurrent mental health services can improve clinical outcomes for complex patients, and is associated with enhanced use of acute care services.

The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
S. Chatterji ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
T. B. Üstün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

SummaryThe paper presents an overview of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative and summarizes recent WMH results regarding the prevalence and societal costs of mental disorders. The WMH surveys are representative community surveys that were carried out in 28 countries throughout the world aimed at providing information to mental health policy makers about the prevalence, burden, and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders. Results show that mental disorders are commonly occurring in all participating countries. The inter-quartile range (IQR: 25th-75th percentiles) of lifetime DSM-IV disorder prevalence estimates (combining anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders) is 18.1-36.1%. The IQR of 12-month prevalence estimates is 9.8-19.1%. Analysis of age-of-onset reports shows that many mental disorders begin in childhood-adolescence and have significant adverse effects on subsequent role transitions. Adult mental disorders are found in the WMH data to be associated with high levels of role impairment. Despite this burden, the majority of mental disorders go untreated. Although these results suggest that expansion of treatment could be cost-effective from both the employer perspective and the societal perspective, treatment effectiveness trials are needed to confirm this suspicion. The WMH results regarding impairments are being used to target several such interventions.

A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caron ◽  
A. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Psychological Distress

Objective This descriptive study compares rates of high psychological distress and mental disorders between low-income and non-low-income populations in Canada. Methods Data were collected through the Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2), which surveyed 36 984 Canadians aged 15 or over; 17.9% (n = 6620) was classified within the low-income population using the Low Income Measure. The K-10 was used to measure psychological distress and the CIDI for assessing mental disorders. Results One out of 5 Canadians reported high psychological distress, and 1 out of 10 reported at least one of the five mental disorders surveyed or substance abuse. Women, single, separated or divorced respondents, non-immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians were more likely to report suffering from psychological distress or from mental disorders and substance abuse. Rates of reported psychological distress and of mental disorders and substance abuse were much higher in low-income populations, and these differences were statistically consistent in most of the sociodemographic strata. Conclusion This study helps determine the vulnerable groups in mental health for which prevention and promotion programs could be designed.

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