Mental Health among Spanish Adults with Diabetes: Findings from a Population-Based Case–Controlled Study

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of self-reported mental disorders, psychological distress, and psychotropic drug consumption among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and matched non-DM controls. Methods: A case–controlled study using data from the Spanish National Health Interview Survey was conducted in 2017. We identified 2116 DM adults (aged ≥35 years). Non-DM controls were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and province of residence. Results: Prevalence of mental disorders (25.0% vs. 19.2%; p < 0.001), psychological distress (29% vs. 19.5%; p < 0.001), and consumption of psychiatric medications (29.7% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) among DM cases were higher than those among matched non-DM controls. The DM patient variables associated with experiencing a mental disorder, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications were: being a woman, worse self-rated health, and a visit to a psychologist within the last year. Older age (≥80 years) was associated with a lower probability of reporting mental disorders and psychological distress among DM cases. Not practicing physical exercise was significantly associated with experiencing psychological distress. Conclusions: Adults with DM included in our investigation have a significantly higher prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications than non-DM controls. It is necessary to implement screening strategies and psychological interventions to improve the mental health of DM patients in Spain, focusing especially on women and those aged 35 to 59 years.

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A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.30.3.03 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 148-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Caron ◽

A. Liu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Low Income ◽

Well Being ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

High Psychological Distress

Objective This descriptive study compares rates of high psychological distress and mental disorders between low-income and non-low-income populations in Canada. Methods Data were collected through the Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2), which surveyed 36 984 Canadians aged 15 or over; 17.9% (n = 6620) was classified within the low-income population using the Low Income Measure. The K-10 was used to measure psychological distress and the CIDI for assessing mental disorders. Results One out of 5 Canadians reported high psychological distress, and 1 out of 10 reported at least one of the five mental disorders surveyed or substance abuse. Women, single, separated or divorced respondents, non-immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians were more likely to report suffering from psychological distress or from mental disorders and substance abuse. Rates of reported psychological distress and of mental disorders and substance abuse were much higher in low-income populations, and these differences were statistically consistent in most of the sociodemographic strata. Conclusion This study helps determine the vulnerable groups in mental health for which prevention and promotion programs could be designed.

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Suicidal Ideation and Predictors of Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eswatini: A Population-Based Household Telephone Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6700

Author(s):

Mduduzi Colani Shongwe ◽

Song-Lih Huang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Telephone Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Psychological Distress Scale ◽

The Government ◽

Distress Scale

The unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic can induce psychological distress in individuals. We investigated perceived stressors, prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, and predictors of psychological distress among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. This study was a cross-sectional, population-based household telephone survey of 993 conveniently sampled adults (18+ years) from all the four administrative regions of Eswatini. Data were collected between 9 June and 18 July 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the country was under a partial lockdown. COVID-19-related psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We performed weighted modified Poisson regression analyses to identify significant predictors of moderate/severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥5). The weighted prevalences of moderate (K6 scores: 5–12) and severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥13) were 41.7% and 5.4%, respectively. Participants reported several perceived COVID-19-related stressors, including worries and fears of the contagion-specific death, serious need for food and money, and concerns about loss of income or business. The weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation was 1.5%. Statistically significant predictors of increased risk for moderate/severe psychological distress included living in the Hhohho and Manzini regions; feeling not well informed about COVID-19; feeling lonely; having received COVID-19 food or financial relief from the government; feeling burdened by the lockdown; being married; and being youth (18–24 years). The results call for the government to urgently augment the provision of mental health services during the pandemic. Mental health practitioners and programs may use several stressors and risk factors identified in this study to inform interventions and government policies aimed at reducing psychological distress induced by the pandemic.

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Dual Guidance Structure for Evaluation of Patients with Unclear Diagnosis in Centers for Rare Diseases (ZSE-DUO): Study Protocol for a Controlled Multi-center Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-936612/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helge Hebestreit ◽

Cornalia Zeigler ◽

Christopher Schippers ◽

Martina de Zwaan ◽

Jürgen Deckert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Rare Disease ◽

Rare Diseases ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Standard Care ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Two Phase ◽

Time To Diagnosis

Abstract Background In individuals suffering from a rare disease the diagnostic process and the confirmation of a final diagnosis often extends over many years. Factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include health care professionals' limited knowledge of rare diseases and frequent (co-)occurrence of mental disorders that may complicate and delay the diagnostic process. The ZSE-DUO study aims to assess the benefits of a combination of a physician focusing on somatic aspects with a mental health expert working side by side as a tandem in the diagnostic process.Study design This multi-center, prospective controlled study has a two-phase cohort design. Methods Two cohorts of 682 patients each are sequentially recruited from 11 university-based German Centers for Rare Diseases (CRD): the standard care cohort (control, somatic expertise only) and the innovative care cohort (experimental, combined somatic and mental health expertise). Individuals aged 12 years and older presenting with symptoms and signs which are not explained by current diagnoses will be included. Data will be collected prior to (T0) and at the first visit (T1) to the CRD’s outpatient clinic and 12 months thereafter (T2). Outcomes Primary outcome is the percentage of patients with one or more confirmed diagnoses covering the symptomatic spectrum presented. Sample size is calculated to detect a 10 percent increase from 30% in standard care to 40% in the innovative dual expert cohort. Secondary outcomes are a) time to diagnosis/diagnoses explaining the symptomatology; b) proportion of patients successfully referred from CRD to standard care; c) costs of diagnosis including incremental cost effectiveness ratios; d) predictive value of screening instruments administered at T0 to identify patients with mental disorders ; e) patients’ quality of life and evaluation of care; and f) physicians’ satisfaction with the innovative care approach. Conclusions This is the first multi-center study to investigate the effects of a mental health specialist working in tandem with a somatic expert physician in CRDs. If this innovative approach proves successful, it will be made available on a larger scale nationally and promoted internationally. In the best case, ZSE-DUO can significantly shorten the time to diagnosis for a suspected rare disease.

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Mental health consequences of urban air pollution: prospective population-based longitudinal survey

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-020-01966-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ioannis Bakolis ◽

Ryan Hammoud ◽

Robert Stewart ◽

Sean Beevers ◽

David Dajnak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

World Health ◽

Potential Health ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Purpose The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently ranked air pollution as the major environmental cause of premature death. However, the significant potential health and societal costs of poor mental health in relation to air quality are not represented in the WHO report due to limited evidence. We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with poor mental health. Methods A prospective longitudinal population-based mental health survey was conducted of 1698 adults living in 1075 households in South East London, from 2008 to 2013. High-resolution quarterly average air pollution concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were linked to the home addresses of the study participants. Associations with mental health were analysed with the use of multilevel generalised linear models, after adjusting for large number of confounders, including the individuals’ socioeconomic position and exposure to road-traffic noise. Results We found robust evidence for interquartile range increases in PM2.5, NOx and NO2 to be associated with 18–39% increased odds of common mental disorders, 19–30% increased odds of poor physical symptoms and 33% of psychotic experiences only for PM10. These longitudinal associations were more pronounced in the subset of non-movers for NO2 and NOx. Conclusions The findings suggest that traffic-related air pollution is adversely affecting mental health. Whilst causation cannot be proved, this work suggests substantial morbidity from mental disorders could be avoided with improved air quality.

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Mental Health Risk Among Members of the Millennial Population Cohort: A Concern for Public Health

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117120945089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089011712094508

Author(s):

Julie E. Lucero ◽

Amber D. Emerson ◽

Teysha Bowser ◽

Brandon Koch

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

American Indians ◽

Well Being ◽

Data Set ◽

Population Cohort ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Interview Survey

Purpose: Within the millennial population cohort, identify groups reporting increased risk of nonspecific psychological distress. As the largest living population cohort, taking stock of health and well-being early is necessary as substantial national resources may be needed as this cohort ages. Design: The 2017 National Health Interview Survey data, an annual multipurpose survey of the US population, was used. Sample: A sample of 7303 respondents were created by limiting data set to birth years 1980 to 1998. Measures: Outcomes were feeling like everything is an effort, worthlessness, hopelessness, restlessness, nervousness, and sadness. Combined these statements of feeling make up a measure of nonspecific psychological distress, past 30 days. Analysis: A logistic regression was performed on each outcome. All models controlled for demographic variables known to be associated with psychological distress. Results: Females are 1.4 times more likely than males to report nonspecific psychological distress ( P < .001), whereas Hispanics and Blacks are less likely to report nonspecific psychological distress (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49, OR = 0.57, P < .001). American Indians were less likely to report worthlessness (OR = 0.30, P < .05). However, multiple race individuals increasingly reported hopelessness (OR = 1.55, P < .05). Young adults are less likely than emerging adults to report sadness (OR = 0.85, P < .05). Conclusion: In this sample, racial/ethnic groups fared better than referent groups. Health programs need to integrate intersectional identities into promotion of mental health.

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Partner alcohol use, violence and women's mental health: population-based survey in India

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.109.068049 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 196 (3) ◽

pp. 192-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Madhabika B. Nayak ◽

Vikram Patel ◽

Jason C. Bond ◽

Thomas K. Greenfield

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Poor Mental Health ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between partner alcohol use and violence as risk factors for poor mental health in women is unclear.AimsTo describe partner-related and other psychosocial risk factors for common mental disorders in women and examine interrelationships between these factors.MethodData are reported on 821 women aged 18–49 years from a larger population study in north Goa, India. Logistic regression models evaluated the risks for women's common mental disorders and tested for mediation effects in the relationship between partner alcohol use and these disorders.ResultsExcessive partner alcohol use increased the risk for common mental disorders two- to threefold. Partner violence and alcohol-related problems each partially mediated the association between partner excessive alcohol use and these mental disorders. Women's own violence-related attitudes were also independently associated with them.ConclusionsPartner alcohol use, partner violence and women's violence-related attitudes must be addressed to prevent and treat common mental disorders in women.

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Living under siege: resilience, hopelessness, and psychological distress among Palestinian students in the Gaza Strip

Global Mental Health ◽

10.1017/gmh.2021.37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Guido Veronese ◽

Alessandro Pepe ◽

Marwan Diab ◽

Yasser Abu Jamey ◽

Ashraf Kagee

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Human Rights ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Mental Symptoms ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Moving from an approach oriented to adaptation and functioning, the current paper explored the network of cumulative associations between the effects of the siege and resilience on mental health. Methods We sought to explore the impact of the siege on psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress) and the moderating effect of resilience and hopelessness in a sample of 550 Palestinian university students. We hypothesized that the siege effect would impact psychological distress so that the more people were affected by the siege, the more mental symptoms of common mental disorders they would report. We also expected that the siege would negatively impact both resilience and participants' hopelessness. Results Findings showed that higher scores on the scale measuring effect of the siege were associated with hopelessness. Furthermore, living under siege compromised participants’ resilience. The more the siege affected individuals, the lower resilience were protecting participants mental health and the more hopelessness was exposing them to anxiety, stress, and depression. Conclusion Our findings draw attention to how the ongoing violation of human rights influences people's mental health in Gaza. Implications for clinicians and policymakers are discussed.

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The complexity of non-sense making: a proposal of complex medical sociology of mental disorders.

Sociología y Tecnociencia ◽

10.24197/st.2.2018.67-91 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Manuel Torres Cubeiro

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Medical Sociology ◽

Social Systems ◽

Sense Making ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Niklas Luhmann ◽

Autonomous Community ◽

Using Data ◽

Mental Disorder Diagnosis

The article describes social complexity of the biographical accounts of those connected with a mental disorder diagnosis in Galicia, a Northwest Spanish Autonomous Community. 147 biographies associated with Mental Disorders diagnosis (MD) have been collected and gathered in three groups differently linked to these conditions. Our first group has lived with a diagnosis of MD for at least 10 years (65 interviews and data from 300 people). Our second cluster of people shares their lives with those with a MD diagnosis mainly with a family relative bound (19 interviews and data from 300 families). Our third group, gathers Galician mental health medical professionals from three mental health units and other mental health facilities which medically and administratively manage people with a MD diagnosis and their relatives (63 biographies). Using data from these biographies, we have constructed three interconnected biographical profiles early published (Torres Cubeiro 2009b) using a social systems theory approach based in Niklas Luhmann sociology.

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Attitudes toward COVID-19 among Young Adults: Role of Psychological Distress

10.31234/osf.io/futpk ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Asif Imtiaz ◽

Emran Hasan ◽

Akram Hossain ◽

Noor Muhammad Khan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Control Measures ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Good Mental Health ◽

The Government ◽

Using Data

Young adults’ attitudes toward COVID-19 are vital for their adherence to control measures taken by the government to break the chain of contamination. This study aims to measure differences in attitudes to this pandemic across various demographic groups of young adults living inside and outside of Dhaka. The predictors of optimistic attitudes toward COVID-19 also have been investigated. The study is cross-sectional in nature using data from the members of Secondary and Intermediate Level Students’ Welfare Association (SILSWA). Participants (n = 700) self-reported their attitudes toward controlling and defeating the pandemic. ANOVA and a two-sample t-test were utilized to find the differences in the mean attitude across demographic groups. Predictors of attitudes toward COVID-19 were searched using multivariate logistic regression. Psychologically distressed participants showed more negative attitudes toward winning over COVID-19 than participants with good mental health both inside and outside of Dhaka. Participants inhabiting in Dhaka demonstrated less optimism for controlling and beating the pandemic. Less psychological distress [AOR=0.51; 95 per cent CI: 0.35, 0.76; p=0.001] found to be the significant predictors of an optimistic attitude of young adults. Dissemination of précised and accurate information regarding COVID-19 coupled with mental health intervention based on necessity can improve the attitudes of young adults.

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Mental Health for Asexual Individuals

The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067991.013.29 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 317-329

Author(s):

Esther D. Rothblum

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Sexual Attraction ◽

Population Based ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Low Sexual Desire

The present chapter focuses on the mental health of individuals who identify as asexual, defined as not having feelings of sexual attraction for other people. It focuses on population-based studies of the prevalence of asexuality and demographic characteristics of asexual respondents in these surveys. The author describes the stigma of asexual identity as perceived by asexual individuals and by society, as well as the advantages that asexual individuals cite. The author also reviews how low sexual desire is described in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The chapter reviews the (scant) literature on asexual mental health and ends with some implications for future research.

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