scholarly journals Potensi Beauveria bassiana sebagai Agens Hayati Spodoptera litura Fabr. pada Tanaman Kedelai

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ayu Rosmiati ◽  
Cecep Hidayat ◽  
Efrin Firmansyah ◽  
Yati Setiati
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spore Densities

ABSTRACTThe Potency of Beauveria bassiana as a biological control agent of Spodoptera lituraThe attack of Spodoptera litura can result in the decrease of soybean yield, so that the soybean production cannot fulfill the demand of soybean. The objective of the study was to examine the potency of Beauveria bassiana as a biological control agent of Spodoptera litura. The research was conducted at the Pest Laboratory, Departement of Agrotechnology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung from January to March 2017. The research was carried out using Completely Randomized Design (RBD) with six treatments of B. bassiana spore density and four replications. The treatments were spore densities of 100 (control), 102, 104, 106, 108, and 1010/ml aquades that applied to the instar II of S. litura larvae. The advanced test used was Duncan's advanced test of 5%. The results showed that the B. bassiana density spore of 1010/ml aquades caused the highest S. litura larvae mortality of 82.50% and the lowest weight of food eaten by S. litura larvae of 0.79 g.Keywords: Biocontrol Agent, Beauveria bassiana, Spodoptera litura, SoybeanABSTRAKSerangan Spodoptera litura dapat menurunkan hasil tanaman kedelai, sehingga produksi tanaman kedelai belum bisa memenuhi permintaan kedelai di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji patogenitas Beauveria bassiana sebagai agens hayati pengendali Spodoptera litura. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Jurusan Agroteknologi, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung dari Januari sampai Maret 2017, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan kerapatan spora B. bassiana dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah kerapatan spora 100 (kontrol), 102, 104, 106, 108, dan 1010/ml aquades yang diaplikasikan pada larva S. litura instar II. Uji lanjut yang digunakan adalah Uji lanjut Duncan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan spora B. bassiana 1010 /ml aquades menyebabkan mortalitas larva S. litura sebesar 82,50% dan bobot pakan yang dimakan oleh larva S. litura paling rendah sebesar 0,79 g.Kata Kunci: Agens hayati, Beauveria bassiana, Spodoptera litura, Kedelai

scholarly journals Biological and Host Range Characteristics of Lysathia flavipes (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Invasive Ludwigia spp. (Onagraceae) in the USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Angelica M. Reddy ◽  
Paul D. Pratt ◽  
Brenda J. Grewell ◽  
Nathan E. Harms ◽  
Ximena Cibils-Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Exotic water primroses (Ludwigia spp.) are aggressive invaders in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. To date, management of exotic Ludwigia spp. has been limited to physical and chemical control methods. Biological control provides an alternative approach for the management of invasive Ludwigia spp. but little is known regarding the natural enemies of these exotic plants. Herein the biology and host range of Lysathia flavipes (Boheman), a herbivorous beetle associated with Ludwigia spp. in Argentina and Uruguay, was studied to determine its suitability as a biocontrol agent for multiple closely related target weeds in the USA. The beetle matures from egg to adult in 19.9 ± 1.4 days at 25 °C; females lived 86.3 ± 35.6 days and laid 1510.6 ± 543.4 eggs over their lifespans. No-choice development and oviposition tests were conducted using four Ludwigia species and seven native plant species. Lysathia flavipes showed little discrimination between plant species: larvae aggressively fed and completed development, and the resulting females (F1 generation) oviposited viable eggs on most plant species regardless of origin. These results indicate that L. flavipes is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biocontrol agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA and further testing is not warranted.

scholarly journals Hyper-proteolytic mutant of Beauveria bassiana, a new biological control agent against the tomato borer

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Borgi ◽  
Jean-William Dupuy ◽  
Imen Blibech ◽  
Delphine Lapaillerie ◽  
Anne-Marie Lomenech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Tomato Borer

scholarly journals DECIPHERING THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENZYMATIC SYSTEMS AND VIRULENCE OF Beauveria bassiana: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-742
Author(s):  
Manish Dhawan ◽  
◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Samandeep Kaur ◽  
Saroop Sandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Enzymatic Systems

Intensive crop production and extensive use of harmful synthetic chemical pesticides create numerous socio-economic problems worldwide. Therefore, sustainable solutions are needed for insect pest control, such as biological control agents. The fungal insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana has shown considerable potential as a biological control agent against a broad range of insects. The insight into the virulence mechanism of B. bassiana is essential to show the robustness of its use. B. bassiana has several determinants of virulence, including the production of cuticle-degrading enzymes (CDEs), such as proteases, chitinases, and lipases. CDEs are essential in the infection process as they hydrolyze the significant components of the insect's cuticle. Moreover, B. bassiana has evolved effective antioxidant mechanisms that include enzyme families that act as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, e.g., superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases, and thioredoxins. In B. bassiana, the number of CDEs and antioxidant enzymes are characterized in recent years. These enzymes are believed to be crucial player of evolutionary process in this organism and their role in various mechanism of biological control. Recent discoveries have significantly increased our potential understanding on several potentially wanted unknown mechanisms of B. bassiana infection. This review focuses on the progress detailed in the studies of these enzymes and provides an overview of enzymatic activities and their contributions to virulence.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana Vuill in compost media for Oryctes rhinoceros L. oil palm pest control

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rina Novianti ◽  
Hafiz Fauzana ◽  
Rusli Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Plant Pest

The Oryctes rhinoceros pest is an important pest of palm oil plant.  Pest problems occur because  Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is added for soil fertility to create a breeding site for larvae O. rhinoceros. Generally, OPEFB will receive the plants more quickly when composted, and pest control is carried out in the compost. Biological control is more recommended because it is environmentally friendly, Therefore compost is added with biological control agent O. rhinoceros namely B. bassiana. This study is aimed to obtain the best conidia density of Beauveria bassiana in compost in controlling larvae O. rhinoceros. The research was carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory and Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau of University. The study was carried out from February to November 2020. The experiment on the conidia density of B. bassiana fungi in compost media against larvae O. rhinoceros, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 6 treatments 4 replications obtained 24 experimental units, while the treatments were 0 g.l-1, 15 g.l-1, 30 g.l-1, 45 g.l-1, 60 g.l-1 and 75 g.l-1. The results of the research revealed that  OPEFB compost + sawdust containing the fungus B. bassiana 75 g.l-1 (83,2 x108 kon/ml) had the best ability to control larvae O. rhinoceros with a total larvae mortality of 87% which caused early death of 54 hours after application, LT50 of 213 hours after application, and LC50 of 3,3% or the equivalent of 33 g.l-1 at 14 days after application.

scholarly journals Unexpected parasitism of Douglas-fir seed chalcid limits biocontrol options for invasive Douglas-fir in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Sonia Lee ◽  
Simon V. Fowler ◽  
Claudia Lange ◽  
Lindsay A. Smith ◽  
Alison M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Predator ◽  
High Level

Douglas-fir seed chalcid (DFSC) Megastigmus spermotrophus, a small (3 mm long) host-specific seed-predatory wasp, was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in the 1920s. Concern over DFSC reducing Douglas-fir seed production in New Zealand led to an attempt at biocontrol in 1955 with the release, but failed establishment, of the small (2.5 mm long) parasitoid wasp, Mesopolobus spermotrophus. We investigated why DFSC causes little destruction of Douglas-fir seed in New Zealand (usually <20%) despite the apparent absence of major natural enemies. Douglas-fir seed collections from 13 New Zealand sites yielded the seed predator (DFSC) but also potential parasitoids, which were identified using morphology and partial COI DNA sequencing. DFSC destroyed only 0.15% of Douglas-fir seed. All parasitoids were identified as the pteromalid wasp, Mes. spermotrophus, the host-specific biocontrol agent released in 1955. Total parasitism was 48.5%, but levels at some sites approached 90%, with some evidence of density-dependence. The discovery of the parasitoid Mes. spermotrophus could indicate that the biocontrol agent released in 1955 did establish after all. Alternatively, Mes. spermotrophus could have arrived accidentally in more recent importations of Douglas-fir seed. The high level of parasitism of DFSC by Mes. spermotrophus is consistent with DFSC being under successful biological control in New Zealand. Suppression of DFSC populations will benefit commercial Douglas-fir seed production in New Zealand, but it also represents the likely loss of a potential biological control agent for wilding Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI TRICHODERMA ENDOFITIK PADA PISANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Johanna Taribuka ◽  
Christanti Sumardiyono ◽  
Siti Muslimah Widyastuti ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Its1 And Its2

Exploration and identification of endophytic Trichoderma in banana. Endophytic fungi Trichoderma is an organism that can used as biocontrol agent. This study aims to isolate and identify endophytic Trichoderma in roots of healthy banana plants from three districts in Yogyakarta, which will be used as biological control agent against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Isolation was conducted using TSM (Trichoderma Selective Medium). We obtained six isolates of endophytic Trichoderma spp., i.e., Swn-1, Swn-2, Ksn, Psr-1, Psr-2, and Psr-3. Molecular identification was done by using ITS1 and ITS2 primer pain and sequenced. The sequence of DNA obtained was analysed and compared with NCBI database by using BLAST-N programe. The results showed that all isolates were amplified at 560-bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates Swn-1, Swn-2 and Psr-1 are homologous to Trichoderma harzianum, isolate Ksn homologous to Trichoderma asperrellum, isolate Psr-2 homologous to Trichoderma gamsii, and isolate Psr-3 homologous to Trichoderma koningiopsis, with the homologous value of 99%.

Physiological Host Range of Trissolcus Mitsukurii, A Candidate Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha Halys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Leonardo Marianelli ◽  
Gabriele Rondoni ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug

Abstract The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of worldwide importance, and chemical insecticides are largely sprayed for the control of its populations. Negative impacts and several failures in chemical pest management led to consider classical biological control as one of the most promising methods in a long-term perspective. The Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is the main candidate biocontrol agent of H. halys, but more recently a second Asian egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, is getting attention after adventive populations were found on H. halys egg masses in Europe. Before recommending the use of T. mitsukurii for biological control of H. halys, a risk analysis is necessary and therefore here we present the first study on the fundamental physiological host range of this parasitoid in Europe. Tests conducted with T. mitsukurii on different hemipterans, using three different experimental designs, revealed a broad physiological host range, comparable with the host range displayed by T. japonicus under similar laboratory conditions. Specifically, in addition to its coevolved host H. halys, T. mitsukurii successfully parasitized the majority of tested pentatomid species and one scutellerid, although with highly variable emergence rates. Host egg sizes positively affected parasitoid size and female egg load. Further studies, testing more complex systems that involve olfactory cues from host and host plants, will simulate different aspects of the parasitoid host location behavior under field conditions, allowing in-depth evaluation of the possible risks associated with the use of T. mitsukurii as a biocontrol agent of H. halys.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Phyllophaga crinita and Anomala flavipennis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque ◽  
F. Silvestre ◽  
V. M. Hernández ◽  
H. Quiroz ◽  
J. E. Throne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Lethal Time

Five isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and 3 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were tested against third-instar larvae of Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Anomala flavipennis Burmeister under laboratory conditions using the “maximum challenge test” protocol. The M. anisopliae strains were more virulent than the B. bassiana strains, with the isolates MAGL3N and MAGL4N of M. anisopliae causing the highest mortality in both white grub species. Regardless of scarab species, mortality caused by MAGL3N was &gt;63% after 4 days and &gt;96% after 10 days. The other strain of M. anisopliae, MAGC2N, also caused high mortality in A. flavipennis, but at a slower rate than MAGL3N. Median lethal time (LT50) for MAGL3N was 2.9 days for P. crinita and 3.0 d for A. flavipennis. The LT50 for MAGL4N was 5.3 d for P. crinita and 7.6 d for A. flavipennis while the LT50 for MAGC2N was 4.4 d for A. flavipennis. Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential biological control agent for P. crinita and A. flavipennis and should be further investigated for possible development.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathogenicity, Biocontrol Efficacy, and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Verticillium nonalfalfae from the Invasive Ailanthus altissima and Other Hosts

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Kasson ◽  
D. P. G. Short ◽  
E. S. O'Neal ◽  
K. V. Subbarao ◽  
D. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Verticillium Nonalfalfae ◽  
Strong Candidate

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium nonalfalfae, is currently killing tens of thousands of highly invasive Ailanthus altissima trees within the forests in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia and is being considered as a biological control agent of Ailanthus. However, little is known about the pathogenicity and virulence of V. nonalfalfae isolates from other hosts on Ailanthus, or the genetic diversity among V. nonalfalfae from confirmed Ailanthus wilt epicenters and from locations and hosts not associated with Ailanthus wilt. Here, we compared the pathogenicity and virulence of several V. nonalfalfae and V. alfalfae isolates, evaluated the efficacy of the virulent V. nonalfalfae isolate VnAa140 as a biocontrol agent of Ailanthus in Pennsylvania, and performed multilocus sequence typing of V. nonalfalfae and V. alfalfae. Inoculations of seven V. nonalfalfae and V. alfalfae isolates from six plant hosts on healthy Ailanthus seedlings revealed that V. nonalfalfae isolates from hosts other than Ailanthus were not pathogenic on Ailanthus. In the field, 100 canopy Ailanthus trees were inoculated across 12 stands with VnAa140 from 2006 to 2009. By 2011, natural spread of the fungus had resulted in the mortality of >14,000 additional canopy Ailanthus trees, 10,000 to 15,000 Ailanthus sprouts, and nearly complete eradication of Ailanthus from several smaller inoculated stands, with the exception of a few scattered vegetative sprouts that persisted in the understory for several years before succumbing. All V. nonalfalfae isolates associated with the lethal wilt of Ailanthus, along with 18 additional isolates from 10 hosts, shared the same multilocus sequence type (MLST), MLST 1, whereas three V. nonalfalfae isolates from kiwifruit shared a second sequence type, MLST 2. All V. alfalfae isolates included in the study shared the same MLST and included the first example of V. alfalfae infecting a non-lucerne host. Our results indicate that V. nonalfalfae is host adapted and highly efficacious against Ailanthus and, thus, is a strong candidate for use as a biocontrol agent.

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