scholarly journals The role of sensitivity to reward and punishment and moral disengagement in the prediction of craving among people with substance dependency

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Shirin Ahmadi ◽  
Sajjad Basharpoor ◽  
Mohamad Narimani
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The Role of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment in Aggression

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098627
Author(s):  
Alberto Megías-Robles ◽  
Raquel Gómez-Leal ◽  
María José Gutiérrez-Cobo ◽  
Rosario Cabello ◽  
Pablo Fernández-Berrocal
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The study of the risk and protective factors in aggression is of fundamental importance for our society. The aim of this research was to clarify the role of sensitivity to reward/punishment in aggression and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship, particularly given that previous studies in the literature have yielded mixed results. To this end, two studies were conducted. In Study 1 (484 participants; Mage = 39.09; 48.6s women), we explored the relationship between sensitivity to reward and punishment and four components of aggression: physical, verbal, anger, and hostility. In Study 2 (229 participants; Mage = 21.52; 56.77% women), we investigated the moderating role of emotion regulation ability in this relationship. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 supported the existence of a positive relationship between sensitivity to reward and aggression, that is, a high reactivity to reward acted as a risk factor. With respect to sensitivity to punishment, mediation analysis revealed that this variable may act both as a protective factor as well as a risk factor for behavioral aggression. A higher reactivity to punishment had a direct negative effect on physical and verbal aggression, inhibiting aggressive behavior. However, a higher reactivity to punishment also implied a positive indirect effect on physical and verbal aggression through an increase in anger and hostility. Interestingly, Study 2 revealed that these indirect effects were moderated by emotion regulation ability. Our results could help to inform the design of aggression prevention and intervention programs for reducing the impact of this behavior on our society.

Models for Understanding Aggression in Children: The Role of Empathy and Moral Disengagement

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Y. Chan ◽  
Annis Lai Chu Fung ◽  
Manisha Rustagi ◽  
Courtney M. Ryan ◽  
Scott E. Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement

Becoming morally disengaged: how long does it take?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Almeida ◽  
Francisca Abreu ◽  
Nelson C. Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership Research

PurposeLeadership is a time-dependent process and a recent leadership research trend posits a central role of time-based variables. The dyadic tenure plays a keystone role in understanding leader–follower dynamics, especially as regards leader ethics. In line with this, from a social learning theory perspective, the authors propose a model that explains how and when ethical leaders' behaviors influence subordinates' moral disengagement.Design/methodology/approachWith a sample of 220 employees, the present study tests the conditional indirect effect of ethical leadership on followers' moral disengagement via instrumental ethical climate (IEC), using dyadic tenure as the moderator variable. The analyses were conducted with Hayes PROCESS macro.FindingsResults suggested that IEC fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and moral disengagement. Thus, when followers perceive low levels of ethical leadership, they notice higher levels of IEC, which is positively related to moral disengagement. However, IEC perception only influences moral disengagement when dyadic tenure approaches the third year.Originality/valueThis paper answers calls to include time-based variables in leadership studies. Hence, using dyadic tenure, this study gives support to previous propositions that were still awaiting empirical test.

scholarly journals Sociocognitive Self-Regulatory Mechanisms Governing Judgments of the Acceptability and Likelihood of Sport Cheating

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville ◽  
Karine Corrion ◽  
Stéphanie Scoffier ◽  
Peggy Roussel ◽  
Aïna Chalabaev
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Social Efficacy

This study extends previous psychosocial literature (Bandura et al., 2001, 2003) by examining a structural model of the self-regulatory mechanisms governing the acceptability and likelihood of cheating in a sport context. Male and female adolescents (N = 804), aged 15–20 years, took part in this study. Negative affective self-regulatory efficacy influenced the acceptability and likelihood of cheating through the mediating role of moral disengagement, in females and males. Affective efficacy positively influenced prosocial behavior through moral disengagement or through resistive self-regulatory efficacy and social efficacy, in both groups. The direct effects of affective efficacy on beliefs about cheating were only evident in females. These results extend the findings of Bandura et al. (2001, 2003) to the sport context and suggest that affective and resistive self-regulatory efficacy operate in concert in governing adolescents’ moral disengagement and transgressive behaviors in sport.

scholarly journals Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement between Emotional Manipulation and Psychological Well-Being: Does Age Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Syeda Rubab Aftab ◽  
Jamil Ahmad Malik
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
Mediating Role

Background/Aims: When people hone their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. They use their emotional skills for coping with the demands of life. This study investigated the mediating role of moral disengagement between emotional manipulation and psychological well-being. Further, the moderating role of age is tested for the mediation model of the study. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional design. Participants included students from private and public institutions (n = 542; Mean age = 18.59 years, SD = 2.10 years; gender = 46% males). Responses were collected on emotional manipulation, moral disengagement, and psychological well-being questionnaires. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 21 and PROCESS 3.1. Results: The correlation analysis showed that both in late adolescents and young adults, moral disengagement negatively correlated with psychological well-being. However, the correlation is much stronger for young adults as compared to late adolescents. Similarly, emotional manipulation has a stronger positive correlation with moral disengagement in young adults compared to late adolescents. Results also showed that moral disengagement and emotional manipulation is higher in males than females, and psychological well-being is higher in females than males. Moral disengagement appeared to be a negative mediator for the relationship between emotional manipulation and psychological well-being. Further, age moderated the indirect effect of emotional manipulation on psychological well-being through moral disengagement. The moderation of age suggests that young adults are more inclined toward moral disengagement behaviors for manipulating emotions in comparison to late adolescents. Conclusions: It is concluded that use of emotional manipulation is associated with a direct increase in psychological well-being; however, indirect emotional manipulation decreases psychological well-being, with an increased use of moral disengagement. Moreover, this indirect effect is stronger in young adults compared to late adolescents, as young adults are more inclined toward moral disengagement.

scholarly journals The Mediation Effect of Moral Disengagement on Spiritual-Religious Attitudes and Academic Dishonesty among Guidance and Counseling Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Endang Rifani ◽  
Sugiyo Sugiyo ◽  
Edy Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Counseling Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Religious Attitudes

Academic dishonesty is a morality problem that is often found in every level of education. It becomes a concern among guidance and counseling practitioner in the educational context. Regarding previous studies, spiritual-religious attitudes and moral disengagement predict individuals’ academic dishonesty. To complete the gap of those studies, the current study investigated the role of moral disengagement to mediate the relationship between spiritual-religious attitudes and academic dishonesty in university students. There were 292 respondents from four universities in Semarang participated in this study. The authors used a cross-sectional study and utilized google form to collect the data. The authors conducted three analyses, regression-based path analysis, mediation analysis using bias-corrected and bootstrapping. The results showed that there was a direct relationship among all variables, but they're found no mediation effect on moral disengagement. These findings imply the importance of counseling services to preserve students’ morality so they could avoid academic dishonesty.

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