scholarly journals Established and Future Promising Fertility Preservation Options in Adolescence and Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hossein Yazdekhasti ◽  
Zahra Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Over the past decades, due to a high number of cancer survivors, the demands for fertility preservation have been raised dramatically, and this might come from recent progress in the cancer prognosis and diagnosis procedures. For those who are involved in cancer diseases, there are multiple options regarding their fertility preservation which can be selected based on patient’s age, the risk of gonadal involvement, the time available and the type of cancer with different advantages and disadvantages. Among all possible options, embryo cryopreservation for females and semen freezing for males are the most applicable method, however other options such as gonadal tissue cryopreservation, and oocyte cryopreservation are other promising options which would be considered if the partner was not available. As conclusion, this is noteworthy that women with cancer must benefit from adequate consultations regarding their possible fertility preservation options and immediate correct consultations definitely can help families to make their mind to choose best available options.

Fertility Preservation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantae S Sullivan-Pyke ◽  
Clarisa Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Mature Oocyte ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

Fertility preservation has becoming increasingly important for patients at risk for gonadal failure, including those needing treatment for cancer or autoimmune conditions, genetic conditions that predispose to gonadal insufficiency, and age-related fertility decline. Embryo cryopreservation and mature oocyte cryopreservation are the standards for fertility preservation in postpubertal women. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use for ovarian suppression are experimental methods that may be offered to patients for whom embryo and/or mature oocyte cryopreservation are not applicable. The cryopreservation of spermatozoa is the standard for fertility preservation in postpubertal males, but testicular tissue cryopreservation may be offered to prepubertal males.   This review contains 10 figures, 6 tables and 53 references Key words: controlled ovarian stimulation, embryo cryopreservation, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in vitro maturation, oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, sperm extraction, testicular tissue cryopreservation  

scholarly journals Restoring Fertility in Cancer Survivors: Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation or Assisted Reproduction Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
PS Divyashree ◽  
Khushboo Priya
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Technique ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

ABSTRACT Fertility restoration in cancer patients is gaining a very important role in the field of reproductive medicine, due to the rising incidence of cancer as well as its early detection and improved survival rate. The two options for achieving this aim are ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and assisted reproductive treatment (ART) through oocyte or embryo cryopreservation after IVF. However, both these have some advantages and disadvantages over each other. OTC is still in experimental phase but is growing faster as an important part of fertility restoration. ART is time tested method which can be relied upon to a great extent, but there are some situations where ART cannot meet the expectations. This review is an overview of the pros and cons of both these options and the status of these methods in the present scenario of fertility preservation. How to cite this article Priya K, Divyashree PS. Restoring Fertility in Cancer Survivors: Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation or Assisted Reproduction Technique. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1):24-31.

Immunoassays for Analysis of Mycotoxins

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUN SUN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past

During the past few years, several laboratories have prepared specific antibodies against aflatoxins B1, M1, B2a and Q1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. These antibodies were obtained from rabbits after immunizing with various mycotoxin-protein conjugates. With the availability of these antibodies, specific, simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures for monitoring mycotoxins and their metabolites in foods, feeds and body fluids have been developed. In this review, details are presented for the preparation of antibodies and the application of RIA and ELISA to determine aflatoxins B1 and M1, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in corn, peanuts, milk and other biological fluids. The sensitivity of ELISA for analysis of these mycotoxins in foods varied from 0.1 μg/L for aflatoxin M1 in milk to 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. The advantages and disadvantages of ELISA for monitoring mycotoxins in foods and feeds are discussed. In addition, a description of recent progress on simplified clean-up procedures which may increase the sensitivity of immunoassays is presented.

scholarly journals Should you be putting all your eggs into one basket? A look into the current state and future of ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakina Rauff ◽  
Zaraq Khan ◽  
Claus Yding Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Mature Oocyte ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

 Ovarian tissue cryopreservation has its primary goal in fertility preservation for women diagnosed with a malignancy and who may be rendered infertile because of the potential gonadotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy involved in treating their disease. Unlike the standard and endorsed methods of fertility preservation like mature oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, ovarian tissue freezing not only conserves the reproductive capacity of the woman but additionally, maintains the steroidogenic competence of the ovary due to the fact that the frozen cortex contains numerous ovarian follicles – the functional unit of the ovary. Not every follicle is fated to aid procreation. In fact more than 99% are destined to end up in atresia, which may be viewed as an enormous waste of inherent resources. In light of this, there have been propositions to expand the scope of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation beyond its traditional purpose of fertility preservation for medical indications. Some of these ideas include utilizing cryopreserved ovarian tissue for induction of puberty, delaying the menopause and fertility preservation for social motives. Needless to say, these novel ideas will evoke questions, controversy and a plethora of criticism about the safety, superiority, cost-effectiveness, implications and necessity of these different utilities. In this article, we aim to explore some of the issues that shroud these new indications and discuss the advantages for and diatribe against these evolving suggestions.

Infrastructure of Fertility Preservation Services for Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha N. Frederick ◽  
James L. Klosky ◽  
Lillian R. Meacham ◽  
Gwendolyn P. Quinn ◽  
Joanne Frankel Kelvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Oncology Group ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

PURPOSE Fertility preservation (FP) services are part of comprehensive care for those newly diagnosed with cancer. The capacity to offer these services to children and adolescents with cancer is unknown. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was sent to 220 Children's Oncology Group member institutions regarding institutional characteristics, structure and organization of FP services, and barriers to FP. Standard descriptive statistics were computed for all variables. The association between site-specific factors and selected outcomes was examined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred forty-four programs (65.5%) returned surveys. Fifty-three (36.8%) reported a designated FP individual or team. Sperm banking was offered at 135 (97.8%) institutions, and testicular tissue cryopreservation at 37 (27.0%). Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation were offered at 91 (67.9%) and 62 (46.6%) institutions, respectively; ovarian tissue cryopreservation was offered at 64 (47.8%) institutions. The presence of dedicated FP personnel was independently associated with the ability to offer oocyte or embryo cryopreservation (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 13.5), ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.0), and testicular tissue cryopreservation (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 97.8). Only 26 (18.1%) participating institutions offered all current nonexperimental FP interventions. Barriers included cost (70.9%), inadequate knowledge or training (60.7%), difficulty characterizing fertility risk (50.4%), inadequate staffing (45.5%), and logistics with reproductive specialties (38%-39%). CONCLUSION This study provides the most comprehensive view of the current landscape of FP infrastructure for children and adolescents with cancer and demonstrates that existing infrastructure is inadequate to offer comprehensive services to patients. We discuss modifiable factors to improve patient access to FP.

Ethical Quandaries in Gamete-Embryo Cryopreservation Related to Oncofertility

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Ayensu-Coker ◽  
Ellen Essig ◽  
Lesley L. Breech ◽  
Steven Lindheim
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Fertility Awareness ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
American Society ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

Cancer rates in men and women of reproductive age have continued to increase in recent years; however, therapy has dramatically decreased the mortality rates. Since 1990, the prevalence of cancer survivors in young adults increased from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 250 patients due to more aggressive therapies. Current therapies may have profound toxic effects on gamete function with infertility as an expected consequence of cancer therapy. Depending on the site and stage of cancer, age of the patient, and the type of treatment, approximately 90% of men and women diagnosed with cancer may be at risk of permanent infertility.Fertility preservation has emerged as a discipline dedicated to improving the future reproductive potential of cancer survivors. Significant progress in the advancement of fertility preservation therapies and a heightened awareness of the availability of therapies has occurred in the past 10 years. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) have advanced these efforts by formally recognizing the importance of fertility awareness.

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