scholarly journals Response of Cleome Gynandra to Animal Manure

Author(s):  
Tinashe Magada Mwarozva ◽  
Lovejoy Tembo ◽  
Sommerset Mhungu ◽  
Reason R Charachimwe

Low inherent soil fertility and high cost of synthetic fertilizers are some of the factors hindering productivity of indigenous leafy vegetables. Response of Cleome gynandra to cattle, goat and chicken manure was thus evaluated at Horticulture Research Institute, Marondera, Zimbabwe. The field trial was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments, replicated three times. Treatment levels comprised application rates of 50t/ha, 30t/ha and 0t/ha for cattle, goat and chicken manures. Results showed significant influence (P<0.05) of manure on germination percentage, growth parameters and leaf yield. Goat manure performed better than cattle and chicken manure with the highest germination, plant height and leaf yield of 100%, 48.2cm and 32.68t/ha respectively. Thus production of C. gynandra using goat manure is recommended for optimum yield. However, further studies under different manure type combinations and the cost benefit analysis of using animal manures for C. gynandra production are also recommended.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Ari Kurniawati ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽  
Purwono Purwono

The application of organic fertilizer, especially manures, for crop production has long-term effects for soil nutrients availability and improvement of soil structure. The improvement of soil properties involves interactions of various types of microorganism in the soil. The research aimed to study the effects of different types of manures on the diversity of functional soil microbes and its effects on organic green mustard production. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic research field, Cikarawang, Darmaga, Bogor, from April to June 2015. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors; the first factor was types of manure, i.e. chicken, cow, and goat manures; the second factor was manure rates, i.e. 0 and 10 ton.ha-1, so there were six treatments in total, replicated three times. The results showed that chicken manure application resulted in a higher mustard green yield and soil-P content than application of goat manure. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures increased C-organic, N, K, and C/N ratio in soil significantly, but mustard green production was not affected. The diversity of microbe population of the soil treated with all types of manures was high. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures decreased the total number of microbes, but increased the number of cellulose-degrading microbes. The population of cellulose-degrading and phosphate-solubilizing microbes in the soil applied with cow manure was higher than those applied with the other manures.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Kouam ◽  
Simon M. Ndo ◽  
Marie S. Mandou ◽  
Asafor H. Chotangui ◽  
Christopher M. Tankou

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine effects of salinity on germination and seedling development of commercially important common bean genotypes in Cameroon. The seeds of eight genotypes were used for both trials. The germination experiments were carried out on petri dishes in the laboratory while early growth trials continued in plastic pots in the screenhouse. Both stages were setup using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Germination and early growth trials of the different genotypes were studied using distilled water as control or osmotic potentials of 50, 100, 150 and 200mM NaCl to study the effects of salinity on germination and seedling growth characteristics. Leaf concentrations of Na+ and K+ were determined. At the germination level, germination percentage, germination index and the coefficient of velocity of germination decreased with increasing salinity while the mean germination time and time to 50% germination increased with increasing level of salt. All the growth variables decreased with increasing salinity with the exception of the root length which was not affected by salinity. It was observed that increasing salinity induced a significant increase in leaf Na+ and substantial reduction in the accumulation of K+ in the leaves. For ions accumulation, germination variables and growth parameters, significant differences at 0.001 probability levels were found among salinity treatments, common bean genotypes and most of their interactions. Significant correlations were found between all germination variables and between most growth parameters. From the effect of salt application, the common bean genotypes namely KEBCB049, KEB-CB053 and Mac-33 were the most tolerant while KEB-CB055 and KEB-CB050 were the most sensitive. The results confirm that there is genotypic variation in salinity tolerance and that the most tolerant genotypes should be further explored in selection programs, with the aim that they should be promoted for cultivation in tropical zones affected by salinity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Nur Suhaida Mohamad ◽  
Faizah Abu Kassim ◽  
Norhanizan Usaizan ◽  
Azimah Hamidon ◽  
Zahir Shah Safari

Long-term use of inorganic fertilizers on leafy vegetables can increase soil acidity, harmful to the environment and leaving bad effects on human health. Organic fertilizer application is one of the safer alternatives with many beneficial effects by supplying nutrients for plant growth, environmental-friendly and producing an optimum quality of vegetables. Different organic amendment such as vermicompost, biochar and microbial compost has different effect on plant growth performance since good bacteria could improve structure of the soil and nutrient absorption. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer on the growth performance and postharvest quality. The experimental design during planting was conducted in randomized completely block design with a factorial arrangement of treatmentswhile for postharvest quality study was conducted in completely randomized design. Organic fertilizer of vermicompost (110 g/plant), biochar (100 g/plant), microbial compost (80 g/plant) and chicken manure (37.5 g/plant) were treated on Pak choy two times on day 10 and day 24 after transplant. This research revealed the plant growth including plant height, leaf number and leaf length of Pak choy in all treatments were increased as growing stage increased. However, at the end of growing stage, microbial compost and vermicompost resulted in the highest of growth characteristics. In terms of postharvest quality, microbial compost showed the highest fresh weight and premium quality. This study proved that microbial compost at 80 g/plant exhibited optimum growth performance and the best postharvest quality of Pak choy.


Nabatia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Pradana ◽  
Al Machfudz WDP

This study aims to determine the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure to the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.). The study used a randomized block design with 2 factors repeated 3 times. Factor 1: Potassium Fertilizer 40,60,80 kg/ha. Factor 2: Chicken Manure 5,10,15 tons/ha. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer and chicken manure did not interact with either the growth phase or the production phase of the plant on all observation variables, while the potassium fertilizer treatment showed significantly different results only on the plant vegetative growth parameters, namely the number of leaves at the age of 7 days after planting, namely ( 8,111 strands), while the vegetative phase had no significant effect on the number of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per clump, wet weight of tubers per plot, dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump, and dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot. While the treatment of chicken manure had a significant effect on the vegetative growth phase of plants, namely the length of plants at 28 DAP (30.278 cm) and 35 DAP (32.704 cm), on the number of leaves at 7 DAP (8,000 strands). While the generative phase (60 DAP) significantly affected the number of tubers per clump, namely (5,889 grams), wet weight of tubers per clump (38,333 grams), wet weight of tubers per plot (319,000 grams), dry weight of sun-dried tubers per clump. namely (23.074 grams), and the dry weight of sun-dried tubers per plot (191.889 grams).


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Edomwonyi LAW-OGBOMO ◽  
Agbonsalo Ulamen OSAIGBOVO

A field trial was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria between May and July in both 2015 and 2016 to evaluate growth and yield responses of cucumber (Cucumis sativum L.) to different nitrogen levels of goat manure. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design involving five treatments and replicated three times. The treatments were cured goat manure applied at levels of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N ha-1. Growth parameters were collected on vine length (cm), vine girth (cm), number of branches, number of leaves and leaf area index (LAI). Yield parameters assessed were fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), number of fruits per plant and fruit yield (t ha-1). Goat manure application significantly (P < 0.05) influenced growth parameters positively, which led to the enhancement of the fruit yield. Goat manure application levels of 200 (20.85 t ha-1), 300 (20.85 t ha-1) and 400 (26.21 t ha-1) kg N ha-1 had similar (P > 0.05) fruit yield, but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of 0 (12.34 t ha-1) and 10 (16.96 t ha-1) kg N ha-1. It thus recommended that goat manure at 20 kg N ha-1 is more appropriate for cucumber production in the humid ultisols environment.


Agromix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Rosmini Rosmini ◽  
Nur Hayati ◽  
Burhanuddin Nasir ◽  
Flora Pasaru ◽  
Sri Anjar Lasmini

Palu Valley shallot production is still very low namely 5.31 tonnes/ha when compared to national production which reaches 9.7 tonnes/ha, this is due to the attack of the base stem rot disease caused by Fusarium oxsyporum f.sp. cepae. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of organic fertilizer decomposed by Trichoderma virens on the incidence of stem rot disease and shallot yields. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, and shallot planting in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province and lasted from March 2018 to August 2018. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments consisting of, without organic fertilizer (B0), cow manure 10 tons/ha + Trichoderma virens 100g/L (B1), chicken manure 10 tons/ha + T. virens 100g/L (B2), goat manure 10 tons/ha + T. virens 100g/L (B3), and petrogenic 5 tons/ha+ T. virens 100g/L (B4). The results showed that the use of 10 tons/ha cow manure decomposed by T. virens (B1) can reduce the intensity of stem rot disease on the Palu Valley shallot which is 5.61% to be 1.88% (3rd week) and 2.89% to be 0.98% (7th week), and increase shallot yield from 4.09 tons/ha to be 7.48 tons/ ha.


Author(s):  
Suchismita Jena ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
A. K. Pandey ◽  
Dharmishtha Patel ◽  
...  

Papaya is a very popular fruit in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has witnessed an increase in demand. This has fuelled an interest to develop region specific hybrids with desirable vegetative growth and vigour.  Hence a field experiment was carried out at College of horticulture and forestry, Navsari Agricultural University in Gujarat during 2018-2020 in randomized block design with three replications to know the mean performance of parents and hybrids for comparative growth performances of papaya. Wherein, thirty papaya hybrids were developed from six morphologically distinct parents through full diallel crossing technique and all the parents and hybrids were evaluated for their germination and growth parameters. The variability was distinct in all hybrids and parents for germination percentage, days taken to germination, periodical plant height and girth, number of leaves, petiole length and internodal distance. Amongst all the parents, Pusa Delicious, CO-8 and Lucknow Local exhibited improved germination, better vegetative growth and dwarf stature, respectively. Among the hybrids, Pusa Delicious x Lucknow Local was found to have dwarf stature with minimum internodal length however, the reciprocal cross: Lucknow Local x Pusa Delicious recorded maximum plant girth and number of leaves. Based on their mean performance, these parents can be used for further breeding programmes and hybrids could be exploited for cultivation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2134-2146
Author(s):  
Amina Aboubakar ◽  
Bertrand Zing Zing ◽  
Aline Béatrice Nzeket ◽  
Diane Armelle Moussima Yaka ◽  
Armelle Nadine Tchudjo Tchuente ◽  
...  

Une gestion efficace de la fertilité des sols en zone urbaine est un grand défi pour la production alimentaire dans les villes sub-sahariennes. La présente étude évalue l'effet de l'utilisation des engrais organiques sur les paramètres de croissance, le rendement en feuilles et la composition chimique de la morelle noire. Cette expérimentation a été faite au jardin maraîcher de Nkolbisson. Le dispositif expérimental concernait quatre traitements : le témoin sans engrais (T1), 195 kg de N/ha d'engrais chimique (T2), 6,67 t/ha de fiente de poule (T3) et 6,67 t/ha de bouse de vache (T4). Les paramètres agronomiques de croissance ont été mesurés. Des différences très significatives (P <0,05) ont été observées entre les traitements. La tendance générale a montré une augmentation de la majorité des paramètres mesurés pour les traitements aux engrais. Les valeurs les plus élevées ont été obtenues pour T4. La classification des traitements en fonction de leur influence positive sur le rendement en feuille est T4(8,77 ± 1,15) t/ha> T3(6,38 ± 0,51) t/ha = T2(5,88 ± 1,06) t/ha> T1(4,09 ± 1,07) t/ha. L’utilisation d’engrais organiques produits dans la ville peut fournir des quantités de nutriments nécessaires pour la production des légumes feuilles noires et, par conséquent améliorer leurs rendements. Mots clés : Bouse de vache, engrais minéral, fiente de poule, Solanum nigrum. English title: Effects of amendments on growth, yield and chemical composition of black nightshade in suburban areas of Yaoundé, CameroonEfficient soil fertility management in urban areas is a big challenge for food production in sub-Saharan cities. This study assesses the effect of using organic fertilizers on growth parameters, leaf yield and chemical composition of black nightshade. This experiment was carried out at the Nkolbisson market garden. The experimental set-up involved four treatments: the control without fertilizer (T1), 195 kg of N / ha of chemical fertilizer (T2), 6.67 t / ha of chicken droppings (T3) and 6.67 t / ha of cow dung (T4). Agronomic growth parameters were measured. Very significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between the treatments. The general trend has shown an increase in the majority of the parameters measured for fertilizer treatments. The highest values were obtained for T4. The classification of treatments according to their positive influence on leaf yield is T4 (8.77 ± 1.15) t/ha> T3 (6.38 ± 0.51) t/ha = T2 (5.88 ± 1.06) t/ha> T1 (4.09 ± 1.07) t/ha. The use of organic fertilizers produced in the city can provide quantities of nutrients necessary for the production of black leafy vegetables and therefore improve their yields.Keywords: Chicken droppings, cow dung, mineral fertilizer, Solanum nigrum.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112-2119
Author(s):  
Tony Muliele Muku ◽  
Philippe Mampasi Mbungu ◽  
Emmanuel Bambala Nkulukuta

Les connaissances sur les modes de labour sont nécessaires en vue d’identifier la méthode de labour appropriée pour améliorer le rendement des cultures dans une zone agro écologique spécifique. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’effet des modes de labour sur le rendement et la rentabilité de la culture du manioc (Manihot esculanta Crantz, cultivar “Mayombe”) à M’vuazi. Trois traitements à savoir : labour à plat ou contrôle (T0), labour en billon (T1) et labour en butte (T2) ont été comparés sous un dispositif expérimental en blocs complets randomisés avec 4 répétitions. A la récolte, le nombre des racines tubéreuses commerçables, le rendement en racines tubéreuses, le rendement en pulpe fraîche et le rendement en matière sèche ont été mesurés. L’analyse coût-bénéfice a été appliquée pour évaluer la rentabilité des modes de labour. Le nombre de racines tubéreuses par plante était de 8,7 sous T0, 8,9 sous T1 et 9,6 sous T2. Les traitements T0 et T2 ont donné 40 t ha-1 des racines tubéreuses contre 37,5 t ha-1 sous T1. Le T2 a donné le rendement en pulpe fraîche le plus élevé suivi de T0 et T1 tandis que le rendement en matière sèche était similaire dans tous les traitements. Toutefois, pour tous les paramètres mesurés, l’analyse statistique n’a pas révélé de différences significatives entre les traitements. L’analyse coût-bénéfice a révélé un manque à gagner de 288 pour T1 et 88 $US pour T2 par rapport à T0. Dans les conditions agro écologiques de cette étude, le labour en billon et en butte semblent donc être inopportuns mais nécessitent d’être évalués sur d’autres types de sols et des terrains accidentés.Mots clés : Travail du sol, manioc, rendement, analyse coût-bénéfice, M’vuazi.   English Title: Effects of different tillage modes on yield and profitability of cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) at M’vuazi in DR Congo The data on tillage modes are needed in order to identify appropriate tillage methods to improve crops yield in a specific agro ecological zone. Hence, three tillage modes including flat tillage (T0 or control), mound tillage (T1), and ridge tillage (T2) were compared as to their effects on cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz, “Mayombe” cultivar) yield and related-profitability at M’vuazi in DR Congo. Field layout design was the randomized complete block design with three above-mentioned treatments and four repetitions. Tillage in all treatments was done using a hand hoe. At harvest (11 months after planting), the number of marketable tubers per plant, cassava fresh tubers yield, cassava fresh flesh yield and cassava dry matter tubers yield were measured. Cost-benefit analysis was computed in order to evaluate the profitability of tillage modes types. Tillage modes do not significantly affect cassava yield and profitability. However, the number of marketable tubers per plant was slightly higher under T2 (9.7 roots plant-1 vs 8.7 on T0, and 8.9 on T1). T0 and T2 yielded 40 t ha-1 of cassava fresh tubers yield, and 37.5 t ha-1 on T1 treatment. Cassava fresh flesh yield decreased following this order: T2 (30.3 t ha-1) > T0 (29.1 t ha-1) > T1 (27.3 t ha-1), whereas cassava dry matter tubers yield was similar across treatments. Compared to T0 (control), cost-benefit analysis revealed a shortfall of 288 and 88 USD (US dollars) in T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. We conclude that mound (T1), and ridge (T2) tillages seem to be inappropriate to improve cassava yield in the study area, but need to be evaluated on others soil types and fields on slope.Keywords: Plowing, cassava, yield, cost-benefit analysis, M’vuazi


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
I Jahan ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
I N Suravi ◽  
M Akter ◽  
...  

The study was carried out to observe growth, production and profit of prawn, stripped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and corsula mullet (Rhinomugil corsula) at different stocking ratio under polyculture in the Bagerhat district for four months. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design and had three treatments based on stocking ratio with three replicates in each treatment. Juveniles of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and fingerlings of fin fishes (stripped mullet and corsula mullet) were stocked at a stocking ratio of 3:1:1, 4:1:1 and 5:1:1/m2 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Prawn and fin fishes were fed with a commercial diet and farm made formulated feed on a daily basis. Recorded water quality parameters were within suitable ranges of prawn and fish culture. Higher growth (43.0 g) of the prawn was achieved in T1 followed by T2 (41.0 g) and T3 (38.0 g), but prawn growth was not significantly different between T1 and T2. The growth and survival rate of prawn, stripped mullet and corsula mullet were lower in T3, where the stocking ratio was higher. Higher production of the prawn was obtained in T2 (1148.0 kg/ha) than those of T1 (954.6 kg/ha) and T3 (1083.0 kg/ha). But significantly (p<0.05), higher production of stripped mullet was found in T1 (650.0 kg/ha) and T2 (579.5 kg/ha) than T3 (500.5 kg/ha). Similarly, higher production of corsula mullet was found in T1 (850.0 kg/ha) and T2 (834.9 kg/ha) than T3 (719.8 kg/ha). However, combined production and net profit of prawn and fin fish farming were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 (2562.4 kg/ha, BDT 277,384.51/ha) followed by T3 (2303.3 kg/ha, BDT 229,693.95/ha) and T1 (2454.6 kg/ha, BDT 179,393.31/ha). So from a production and economic point of view, polyculture of prawn and fin fish at a stocking ratio of 4:1:1/m2 is more profitable compared to other stocking ratios and this system may be suggested to disseminate at coastal farmers’ level. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(1): 67-78, June 2021


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