scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of in Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Unripe and Ripe Fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Momen ◽  
Rashu Barua ◽  
Md. Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium ◽  
Unripe Fruits

Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae), commonly referred to as Kantikari (Bengali), sticky nightshade, or litchi tomato. Despite, the traditional use of this plant for several ailments, very little is known about the phytochemical and pharmacological content of the edible ripe berries of this medicinal plant. Ethanol and petroleum ether extract of the ripe and unripe fruits of Solanum sisymbriifolium were examined by using standard analytical methods to determine and compare their bioactive chemical constituents, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed that the presence of medicinally active secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were detected in both ripe and unripe fruits. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were found to be more pronounced in ripe fruit extract, whereas unripe fruit extracts showed moderate cytotoxic activity. DPPH free radical scavenging method demonstrated that IC50 value of ethanol and petroleum ether extract of ripe fruits were 194.40μg/ml and 436μg/ml, and for unripe fruit the values were 689.82μg/ml and 1411.23μg/ml. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 value of unripe fruits was 230.6559μg/ml for ethanol extract and 314.9227μg/ml for petroleum ether extract. The LC50 value of the ethanol extract of ripe fruits was 456.1021μg/ml and for petroleum ether extract was 1,017.6848μg/ml. The results of this study showed that the litchi tomato not only has the potential to be a rich source of an edible compound due to the presence of profound phytochemical constituents but also can be used as a source of pharmacological references.

scholarly journals Some phytochemical analyses of different extracts of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
P.B. Lalthanpuii ◽  
Zarzokimi ◽  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel, was studied for its flavonoid and phenol contents. A series of extracts of the underground (rhizome-root) parts was prepared by hot extraction using solvents of different polarities such as chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether. The total flavonoid content of the plant extracts was determined based on the reaction with aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. Quercetin was used as a standard reference. Chloroform extract showed highest content of flavonoids with 30.88 mg QE/g dry wt., followed by petroleum ether extract which was 22.05 mg mg QE/g dry wt., and methanol extract has the least value with 7.35 mg QE/g dry wt. The total phenolic content of the plant was estimated based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard reference. Again, the chloroform extract had the highest content with 7.54 mg GAE/g dry wt., while methanol extract contained 5.03 mg GAE/g dry wt., and petroleum ether extract contained 3.63 mg mg GAE/g dry wt. Our study shows that I. cylindrica is a good source of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Coleus forskohlii L. collected from Al-Baha Area, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-086
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Yahya Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from Al-Baha area and air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (274.33±3.29 mg GAE/gm), followed by ethyl acetate extract (182.94±1.82 mg GAE/gm), ethanol extract (79.63±2.02 mg GAE/gm) and petroleum ether extract (73.38±3.07 mg GAE/gm), while the lowest content was in chloroform extract (60.06±2.12 mg GAE/gm). The antioxidant activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (67.68±1.55%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (43.38±1.27%), ethanol extract (36.02±1.29%), petroleum ether extract (20.71±0.59%) and chloroform extract (19.73±0.74%). The antimicrobial activity showed that all microorganisms tested were resistant at the concentration of 25 and 50 mg/ml of plant extracts, whereas the concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml showed varying activities against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Candida albicans. The study concluded that the stem extracts of C. forskohlli have promising pharmacological and biological activities that could be beneficial in pharmaceutical as well as food and medicinal industries.

Ethnomedicinal Survey of Antidiabetic Plants and Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic Activity Maesa indica Leaves, a Folk Antidiabetic Plant of Manipur, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Chakraborty ◽  
Saikat Sen ◽  
Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu ◽  
Akoijam Bishaljit Singh ◽  
Crescent Lyngkhoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Background: Manipur is a small state of India, well known for its folk medicine. Folk medicine practitioners of the state use a number of plants to manage diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out an ethnomedicinal survey to find folk antidiabetic plants of Thoubal district of Manipur, India. This study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of chosen medicinal plant. Methods: An ethnomedicinal survey was carried out in Thoubal district, Manipur to find out antidiabetic plants regularly used by tribal/folk medicinal practitioners. Based on the information, Maesa indica leaves extracts (ethanol extract, MIE; ethyl acetate extract, MIEA; petroleum ether extract, MIPE) further investigated for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Acute hypoglycemic activity (streptozotocin-induced diabetes model) and NG-OGTT tests were employed to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of Maesa indica leaves. Results: Ethnomedicinal survey revealed that folk medicinal practitioners regularly used 15 antidiabetic plants. Maesa indica is a plant of choice of folk medicinal practitioners. MIE was found to possess strong oxidative haemolysis inhibition, nitric oxide radical and DPPH radical scavenging effect with IC50 value of 54.5, 34.1 and 19.2 μg/mL respectively. MIE inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 value 18.2 and 31.2 μg/mL respectively. MIE and MIEA produced considerable hypoglycemic activity when tested through NG-OGTT model. MIE (500 mg/kg, b.w.) asserted significant acute hypoglycemic activity by reducing blood glucose level after 1h, 2h, 3h, 5h, and 12h of drug administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The present study showed that ethanol extract of Maesa indica leaves possesses better activity compare to ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract. This study also confirmed the ethnobotanical claim about traditional use of plant and antidiabetic potential of M. indica leaves.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity ofDigera Muricata(L.) Mart.

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Mathad ◽  
Sundar S. Mety
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The successive Soxhlet extract ofDigera muricata(L.) Mart. (Amaranthaceae) were extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water in ascending order of the polarity. These extracts were subjected to screening of preliminary phytochemicals tests. The results indicate the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenes and saponins. These extracts further subjected to the antimicrobial activity. Among the bacteria used, the petroleum ether extract gave highest zone of inhibition at 400 µg/well againstV. cholerae.Similarly, in fungi the ethanol extract exhibited highest zone of inhibition at 400 µg/well againstCandida albicans.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activities and mechanism of extracts from neem leaves against Oxya chinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
X. Song ◽  
Z. Yin ◽  
R. Jia ◽  
Y. Zou
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Regenerative Cells ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

ABSTRACT In this study, neem leaves were successively extracted with petroleum ether, 95% ethanol and water and the insecticidal activities of these extracts against Oxya chinensis larvae were measured. The results showed that 95% ethanol extract gave the highest extraction yield and insecticidal activity, and it was further extracted with five different solvents. The petroleum ether extract from the 95% ethanol extract possessed the highest insecticidal activity with median lethal concentration values ranging from 14.93 to 55.66mg/mL. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis showed that the petroleum ether extract mainly composed of alkanes, olefin, esters and amide. The pathological examination revealed that the prominent lesions, including reduced regenerative cells in midgut and swelled and degenerated cylindrical cells, were observed in the 5th instar Oxya chinensis after treatment. The ultrastructural features showed that the cylindrical cells, microvilli and mitochondria were seriously damaged. These results suggested that the petroleum ether extract from neem leaves had potent insecticidal activity and could be a candidate insecticide.

scholarly journals Hplc analysis of phenolic acids in mountain germander (Teucrium montanum L) extracts

2004 ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Tumbas ◽  
Anamarija Mandic ◽  
Gordana Cetkovic ◽  
Sonja Djilas ◽  
Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Quantitative Content

The methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol and water extracts were obtained by extraction of mountain germander (Teucrium montanum L). The total phenolic content in extracts was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The 1-butanol extract had the highest phenolic content (296.00 mg/g). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to define qualitative and quantitative content of phenolic acids in mountain germander extracts. The largest number of phenolic acids were determined in ethyl acetate and 1-butanol extracts, while these acids were not present in petroleum ether extract. The highest content of phenolic acids (28.619 mg/g) had ethyl acetate extract and gentisic acid (14.432 mg/g) was its major component. Despite of a large number of phenolic acids in 1-butanol extract their content was only 3.740 mg/g.

scholarly journals Growth Inhibiting Effects of Three Different Plant Extracts on Tribolium castaneum(Herbst) (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal Dr ◽  
Ghulam Jilani ◽  
Muhammad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Sweet Flag ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Minimum Numbers

Petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol extracts of neem, sweet flag, and turmeric were evaluated for their growth inhibiting effects on the Tribolium castaneum at the application rate of 1000, 500, 250 and 125 μg/g food media. Petroleum ether extracts showed the lowest number of larvae produced (34.00) in 1000 µg/g neem extract. Acetone extract of sweet flag showed minimum and significantly lower number of larvae produced (8.00) at 1000 µg/g, whereas ethanol extracts of turmeric showed minimum numbers of larvae (106.30) at 1000 µg/g application rate. Maximum inhibition ratio of pupation was found as 81.18 % at 1000 µg/g dosage of petroleum ether extract of sweet flag resulting into 8.75 pupae. Acetone extract of sweet flag showed minimum numbers of pupae produced (8.00) at 1000 µg/g of sweet flag, whereas ethanol extract of sweet flag showed minimum numbers of pupae (41.75) at 1000 µg/g. Petroleum ether extract of sweet flag showed a maximum inhibition ratio (40.00 %) resulting into 5.25 adults produced at 1000 µg/g. Acetone extract of sweet flag showed the lowest numbers of adults produced (8.00) at 1000 µg/g. Ethanol extract of neem showed lower numbers of adults (35.25) at 1000 µg/g dosage, followed by 38.50 in sweet flag and 52.75 in turmeric at the same application rate.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Fatty Acids and Volatile Components in Pleurotus geesteranus by HS-SPME-GC-MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Liang ◽  
Shanei Li ◽  
Qiongxin Liang ◽  
Liqiang Ji ◽  
Jinmei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Linoleate ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ethyl Palmitate

The volatile constituents and fatty acids in Pleurotus geesteranus were assayed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. There were 5 volatile compounds in P. geesteranus that accounted for 43.43% of the total ion current peak area, and its main compounds were 2-undecanone (13.99%), 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl pyrazine (12.67%), and l-β-bisabolene (6.79%). Fourteen compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of P. geesteranus and 6 fatty acids were identified from the petroleum ether extract, which accounted for 93.72% and 98.48% of the total ion current peak area, the main compounds in the ethanol extract were ethyl linoleate (67.36%) and ethyl palmitate (21.83%), and the main fatty acids in the petroleum ether extract were linoleic acid (78.22%), palmitic acid (10.74%), and oleic acid (8.13%).

Antioxidant lignans from petroleum ether extract of Schisandra chinensis

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Slanina ◽  
L Bøezinová ◽  
H Paulová ◽  
O Humpa
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Ether Extract

The struggle with rheumatism through Dracunculus vulgaris Schott: In the light of ethnobotanical information.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç Dereli ◽  
Mert Ilhan ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Abdominal Constriction

Background: The fruits with the seeds of Dracunculus vulgaris Schott. (Araceae) are used against inflammatory diseases in Turkey. Objective: Present study was designed to justify this folkloric usage type of the plant. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of D. vulgaris. Methods: Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared from the fruits, successively. Carrageenan-, serotonin-, and prostaglandin E2-induced hind paw edema; acetic acid–induced capillary permeability and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate–induced mouse ear edema models were used to assess the antiinflammatory activity of the extracts. The analgesic activity was experienced by using p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test. Results: The petroleum ether extract displayed the highest activities in all of the used test models compared with the control group. Therefore, the constituents of this extract were determined by using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Linoleic acid was found to be major constituent of the petroleum ether extract of D. vulgaris. Conclusion: This study has provided some justification for the folkloric use of the plant.

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