scholarly journals Adaptive Electrocardiogram Steganography Based on 2D Approach with Predetermined Rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Yu Yang ◽  
Chi-Ming Lai ◽  
Hung-Chang Lin ◽  
Ting-Ying Lin ◽  
Ruei-Long Lu
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Ecg Steganography ◽  
Better Than

Based on two-dimensional (2D) bit-embedding/-extraction approach, we propose a simple data hiding for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The patient’s sensitive (diagnostic) data can be efficiently hidden into 2D ECG host via the proposed decision rules. The performance of the proposed method using various sizes of the host bundles was demonstrated. Simulations have confirmed that the average SNR of the proposed method with a host bundle of size 3 ´ 3 is superior to that of existing techniques, while our payload is competitive to theirs. In addition, our method with a host bundle of size 2 ´  2 generated the best SNR values, while that with a host bundle of size 4 ´  4 provided the largest payload among the compared methods. Moreover, the proposed method provides robustness performance better than existing ECG steganography. Namely, our method provides high hiding capacity and robust against the attacks such as cropping, inversion, scaling, translation, truncation, and Gaussian noise-addition attacks. Since the proposed method is simple, it can be employed in real-time applications such as portable biometric devices.

Bernoulli's Chaotic Map-Based 2D ECG Image Steganography

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anukul Pandey ◽  
Barjinder Singh Saini ◽  
Butta Singh ◽  
Neetu Sood
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Ecg Steganography

Signal processing technology comprehends fundamental theory and implementations for processing data. The processed data is stored in different formats. The mechanism of electrocardiogram (ECG) steganography hides the secret information in the spatial or transformed domain. Patient information is embedded into the ECG signal without sacrificing the significant ECG signal quality. The chapter contributes to ECG steganography by investigating the Bernoulli's chaotic map for 2D ECG image steganography. The methodology adopted is 1) convert ECG signal into the 2D cover image, 2) the cover image is loaded to steganography encoder, and 3) secret key is shared with the steganography decoder. The proposed ECG steganography technique stores 1.5KB data inside ECG signal of 60 seconds at 360 samples/s, with percentage root mean square difference of less than 1%. This advanced 2D ECG steganography finds applications in real-world use which includes telemedicine or telecardiology.

scholarly journals High-Payload Data-Hiding Method for AMBTC Decompressed Images

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Jung-Yao Yeh ◽  
Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
Po-Liang Liu ◽  
Ying-Hsuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
High Data ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
High Payload ◽  
Better Than

Data hiding is the art of embedding data into a cover image without any perceptual distortion of the cover image. Moreover, data hiding is a very crucial research topic in information security because it can be used for various applications. In this study, we proposed a high-capacity data-hiding scheme for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) decompressed images. We statistically analyzed the composition of the secret data string and developed a unique encoding and decoding dictionary search for adjusting pixel values. The dictionary was used in the embedding and extraction stages. The dictionary provides high data-hiding capacity because the secret data was compressed using dictionary-based coding. The experimental results of this study reveal that the proposed scheme is better than the existing schemes, with respect to the data-hiding capacity and visual quality.

scholarly journals Individual Identification Using Linear Projection of Heartbeat Features

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Narain Singh
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Orthogonal Basis ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Linear Projection ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents a novel method to use the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal as biometrics for individual identification. The ECG characterization is performed using an automated approach consisting of analytical and appearance methods. The analytical method extracts the fiducial features from heartbeats while the appearance method extracts the morphological features from the ECG trace. We linearly project the extracted features into a subspace of lower dimension using an orthogonal basis that represent the most significant features for distinguishing heartbeats among the subjects. Result demonstrates that the proposed characterization of the ECG signal and subsequently derived eigenbeat features are insensitive to signal variations and nonsignal artifacts. The proposed system utilizing ECG biometric method achieves the best identification rates of 85.7% for the subjects of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and 92.49% for the healthy subjects of our IIT (BHU) database. These results are significantly better than the classification accuracies of 79.55% and 84.9%, reported using support vector machine on the tested subjects of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and our IIT (BHU) database, respectively.

Reconstruction of Two-Dimensional Projections of GP 32*I

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
W. Chiu ◽  
J. Hosoda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
T4 Bacteriophage ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Better Than

GP 32 (molecular weight 35000) is a T4 bacteriophage protein that destabilizes the DNA helix. The fragment GP32*I (77% of the total weight), which destabilizes helices better than does the parent molecule, crystallizes as platelets thin enough for electron diffraction and electron imaging. In this paper we discuss the structure of this protein as revealed in images reconstructed from stained and unstained crystals.Crystals were prepared as previously described. Crystals for electron microscopy were pelleted from the buffer suspension, washed in distilled water, and resuspended in 1% glucose. Two lambda droplets were placed on grids over freshly evaporated carbon, allowed to sit for five minutes, and then were drained. Stained crystals were prepared the same way, except that prior to draining the droplet, two lambda of aqueous 1% uranyl acetate solution were applied for 20 seconds. Micrographs were produced using less than 2 e/Å2 for unstained crystals or less than 8 e/Å2 for stained crystals.

scholarly journals Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Iris J Holzleitner ◽  
Alex L Jones ◽  
Kieran J O’Shea ◽  
Rachel Cassar ◽  
Vanessa Fasolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3D Images ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Images ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objectives A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare. Methods We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images. Results In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images. Conclusion Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.

WBAN Based Long Term ECG Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Rosu ◽  
Sever Pasca
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medication Process ◽  
Remote Healthcare ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Supply Information

Healthcare solutions using anytime, and anywhere remote healthcare surveillance devices, have become a major challenge. The patients with chronic diseases who need only therapeutic supervision are not advised to occupy a hospital bed. Using Wearable Wireless Body/Personal Area Network (WWBAN), intelligent monitoring of heart can supply information about medical conditions. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the core reference in the diagnosis and medication process. An approach on healthcare solution WBAN based, for real-time ECG signal monitoring and long-term recording will be presented. Low-power wireless sensor nodes with local processing and encoding capabilities in order to achieve maximum mobility and flexibility are our main goal. ZigBee wireless technology will be used for transmission. Sensor device will be programmed to process locally the ECG signal and to raise an alert. Low-power and miniaturization are essential physical requirements.

scholarly journals Two Electrode ECG And EOG System For Monitoring Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Biomedical Signal ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Total Gain

Heart and Eye are two vital organs in the human system. By knowing the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electro-oculogram (EOG), one will be able to tell the stability of the heart and eye respectively. In this project, we have developed a circuit to pick the ECG and EOG signal using two wet electrodes. Here no reference electrode is used. EOG and ECG signals have been acquired from ten healthy subjects. The ECG signal is obtained from two positions, namely wrist and arm position respectively. The picked-up biomedical signal is recorded and heart rate information is extracted from ECG signal using the biomedical workbench. The result found to be promising and acquired stable EOG and ECG signal from the subjects. The total gain required for the arm position is higher than the wrist position for the ECG signal. The total gain necessary for the EOG signal is higher than the ECG signal since the ECG signal is in the range of millivolts whereas EOG signal in the range of microvolts. This two-electrode system is stable, cost-effective and portable while still maintaining high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).

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