scholarly journals Plays on Plot of Tamerlane and Bayazet on Russian Stage of Late 17th — Early 18th Centuries: Northern European Sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
M. V. Kaplun
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Northern European ◽  
History Of ◽  
Andreas Gryphius ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article is devoted to the little-studied Northern European sources of Russian plays on the plot  about  Tamerlane  and  Bayazet  of the late 17th — early 18th centuries. The material was the play “Temir-Aksakovo Action” in 1675, a not preserved version of the play  of the early 18th century “The Clear History  of Tamerlane, the Tatar Khan how he defeated Saltan of Tursk Bayazet”, plays from the repertoire of “English comedians” of the 17th century, plays by the German playwright Andreas Gryphius and the English playwright Nicholas Roe. It is shown that the interludes of the play “Temir-Aksakovo Action” could be taken from the little-known play “The Comedy of Tamerlane”, staged in Nuremberg in 1667. Analysis of the play by German playwright Andreas Gryphius “The Armenian Leo” in 1656 makes it possible to  talk  about  general  formulas  in constructing the theme of  the  overthrow of tyranny, the baroque theme of the mutability of life in the German and Russian drama of the 17th century. The play “The Clear History of Tamerlane  ...”,  staged  at  the  court of Peter I in the 1700s, has been brought into consideration. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the typological commonality of the Russian play with the play by the English playwright Nicholas Rowe “Tamerlane” in 1701, containing real historical allusions to the present.

Stephen Hales: neglected respiratory physiologist

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. West
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Attention To Detail ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Stephen Hales was an eminent early 18th century scientist and minister of the parish of Teddington near London. He is well known for his early work on blood pressure. However, he made many contributions to respiratory physiology. He clarified the nature of the respiratory gases, distinguishing between their free (gaseous) and fixed (chemically combined) forms, demonstrated that rebreathing from a closed circuit could be extended if suitable gas absorbers were included (to remove carbon dioxide), suggested a similar device as a respirator for noxious atmospheres, invented the pneumatic trough for collecting gases, measured the size of the alveoli, calculated the surface area of the interior of the lung, calculated the time spent by the blood in a pulmonary capillary, invented the U-tube manometer, and measured intrathoracic pressures during normal and forced breathing. Hale's work is remarkable for its emphasis on the “statical” method, i.e., meticulous attention to detail in measurement and careful calculations. In his later life he made important contributions in the area of public health. He was a trustee of the new colony of Georgia and willed his own library of books to the colony though their whereabouts is unknown. He deserves more recognition in the history of respiratory physiology.

Armenia in Chinese Sources

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Liu Yingsheng ◽  
Ralph Kauz
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Wei Dynasty

AbstractThis paper discusses several toponyms in Chinese sources, which may possibly be identified with Armenia. First, Aman country, which can be found in the "History of the Later Han" (compiled 3rd–5th centuries) and in the "Account of the Wei Dynasty" (compiled between 239 and 265), is discussed, and it is suggested that there are reasons for an identification, though doubts remain. Armenia was well known by the Mongols and the "Korean Worldmap", which originates in Chinese geographical scholarship during the Mongol period and depicts possibly even Greater and Lesser Armenia. Another source of that period that mentions Armenia is "Muslim Prescriptions" (Huihui yaofang), which names Armenian materia medica known in China. Finally, two other Chinese geographical texts of the 16th and early 18th century that deal with Armenia and the Caucasus region are discussed. This paper shows that Armenia was described in Chinese texts since at least the Mongol period, and that China had a profound knowledge of the geographical situation in Western Asia.

scholarly journals Stolen wealth, perpetrators and punishments in Moldova (17th century – early 18th century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Cătălina Chelcu
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blood Money ◽  
Early 18Th Century

For the historical period we refer to, no proper inventories have been made containing the unjustly appropriated goods. They are just mentioned as such or listed, if that was the case, according to the size of the damage. There are also documentary sources in which the object of the theft is less represented, the justice system focusing in those cases rather on the wrongdoers, than on the wrong actions. That is why, the blood money “paid for some reason”, with no other specific details, is quite frequently cited. Rare or frequent, these documents are complaints addressed by the victim to the Prince and his officials, documents in which the perpetrators admitted their fault, or deeds issued by the judicial authority subsequent to the investigation of the criminal act. In discussing the theft of/from the wealth, i.e. from the whole amount of the available goods, we are interested in clarifying some aspects pertaining to a reality that the historian should reconstruct, with all the complexity of its evolution: the motivations of the theft and its circumstances, the types of theft, the social categories involved, the time and space of the misdemeanour, the perpetrators’ punishment. Briefly, the study is about starting to write a history of the reprehensible acts liable to punishments for theft and robbery in 17th and early 18th century Moldavia.

scholarly journals Lost in Translation – Typographic variation in loanword surrounded punctuation positions

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-343
Author(s):  
Paul Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Punctuation Mark ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Abstract In German printings of the early 18th century, the shift from the hitherto dominant sentence-dividing punctuation mark, the virgule, to the comma, takes place astonishingly rapidly. It is also astonishing that until recently, research has barely devoted itself to this phenomenon, even though it is at least a turning point in the history of the highest-frequency punctuation mark in German writing. The paper examines to what extent the transition from the use of the virgule to the comma is carried out in a phase-specific manner. Previous samples have indicated the influence of the font choice on the choice of punctuation: Printers or typesetters in the early 18th century set the comma especially in the environment of the Antiqua script, which is used to graphically label non-native words or syntagms. Is this a kind of “gateway” to the comma? By means of a corpus analysis in micro-diachronic sections, the status of the virgule/comma variation will be associated with the typographic variation in terms of the use of Latin Antiqua type and the German type.

scholarly journals Los vaivenes del canon Traducción y puesta en escena de la comedia áurea en Rusia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Ryjik
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Performance History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Golden Age Spanish Theatre ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Past 300 Years

This chapter surveys the history of Russian translations of Golden Age Spanish theatre from the early 18th century until now, with a special focus on the relationship between translation trends and performance history. Our main goal is not only to document all known Russian translations of Spanish classical plays completed in the past 300 years, but also to elucidate the processes by which translation took part in the development and transformation of a specifically Russian comedia canon.

Joseph and Aseneth in Rumania

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 540-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Burchard
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Joseph And Aseneth ◽  
Early 18Th Century

AbstractThe article offers a survey of the text-forms of "Joseph and Aseneth" in Serbo-Slavonic, Greek, and Rumanian which circulated in Rumania in the 17th to the middle of the 19th centuries, especially a Rumanian condensation produced by orthodox monks in the early 18th century for moral education. Particular attention is paid to textual contamination among the forms. This is the end of the long history of vernacular versions and adaptations of the story which started around 600 C.E. with the Syriac translation.

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