scholarly journals DIFFERENT NITRATE AND AMMONIUM LEVELS MEDIA ON CHANGES OF NITROGEN ASSIMILATION ENZYMES IN RICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Tri Handoyo ◽  
Laily Ilman Widuri ◽  
Didik Pudji Restanto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Glutamine Synthase ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Different Sources

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for the growth and development of rice plants, required in large quantity and often limiting factor of rice yields. The research was to understand the different sources and levels of nitrogen in rice plant on the activity of N assimilation enzymes, including nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS) content, glutamate synthase (Gogat) content, content, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) content on the leaves. Paddy (Ciherang variety) was grown in sand media containing Hoagland solution with different sources (ammonium and nitrate) and levels (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 mM) of nitrogen. Nitrogen assimilation was observed from leaves at one month of age. The NR activity increased on both Nitrogen sources, it was a higher activity in media contained nitrate. Also, the activity of GS showed higher in media contains nitrate, but its activity was decreased after application 1.6 mM of nitrate and 3.2 mM of ammonium. Western blot analysis of GS1 and GS2 showed that the band pattern of protein was similar to these enzyme activities. Nitrate content in leaves gradually increased in both sources of nitrogen and higher than 3.2 mM ammonium application caused an increase in ammonium content in leaves, but the nitrate content decreased. This research resulted that the available source of N for rice was in nitrate form, easily by the rice plants during the growth stage.

scholarly journals Nitrogen assimilation in the bromeliad Ananas comosus var. ananassoides (Baker) Coppens & F.Leal grown in vitro with different sources of inorganic nitrogen

Hoehnea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Primo Andrade Silva ◽  
Ivomar Aparecido Medina ◽  
Jorge Luiz Marx Young ◽  
Vívian Tamaki
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Modified Ms Medium ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT Ananas comosus var. ananassoides (Baker) Coppens & F.Leal is a native ornamental bromeliad of the endangered biome Cerrado. Therefore, approaches aimed at the preservation of this species, such as in vitro cultivation and micropropagation are needed. Nitrogen (N) is absorbed by plants, mainly as NO3- and/or NH4+, and assimilated into amino acids. The aim of this work was to evaluate the N assimilation in this bromeliad. Plants were grown in vitro for seven months in modified MS medium with 15, 30, 60, and 90 mM of N as NO3-, NH4+ or NH4NO3, and then transferred to ex vitro conditions for acclimatization. Plants grown with NH4+ had high mortality. During acclimatization plants cultivated with 30, 60, and 90 mM of N as NH4NO3 showed higher biomass. With regard to N assimilation, GS and NR showed the highest activity in plants cultivated with NH4NO3, whereas plants cultivated with NH4+ had the highest GDH activity. Consequently, in vitro and ex vitro cultivation of this species with 60 mM N as NH4NO3 is recommended.

scholarly journals Grazing intensity changed the activities of nitrogen assimilation related enzymes in desert Steppe Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin Zhu ◽  
Haili Liu ◽  
Yuehua Wang ◽  
Hailian Sun ◽  
Guodong Han
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
Grazing Disturbance

Abstract Background Nitrogen, as a limiting factor for net primary productivity in grassland ecosystems, is an important link in material cycles in grassland ecosystems. However, the nitrogen assimilation efficiency and mechanisms of grassland plants under grazing disturbance are still unclear. This study investigated Stipa breviflora desert steppe which had been grazed for 17 years and sampled the root system and leaf of the constructive species Stipa breviflora during the peak growing season under no grazing, light grazing, moderate grazing and heavy grazing treatments. The activities of enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation in roots and leaves were measured. Results Compared with no grazing, light grazing and moderate grazing significantly increased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in leaves, and GS, GOT and GPT in roots of Stipa breviflora, while heavy grazing significantly decreased the activities of GS in leaves and NR in roots of Stipa breviflora. NR, GOT and GPT activities in leaves and roots of Stipa breviflora were positively correlated with nitrogen content, soluble protein, free amino acid and nitrate content. Conclusions Grazing disturbance changed the activities of nitrogen assimilation related enzymes of grassland plants, and emphasized that light grazing and moderate grazing were beneficial for nitrogen assimilation by grassland plants. Therefore, establishing appropriate stocking rates is of great significance for material flows in this grassland ecosystem and for the stability and sustainable utilization of grassland resources.

Nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen control in cyanobacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Flores ◽  
A. Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Signal Transduction Protein ◽  
Nitrite Reductases ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Nitrogen sources commonly used by cyanobacteria include ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, urea and atmospheric N2, and some cyanobacteria can also assimilate arginine or glutamine. ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type permeases are involved in the uptake of nitrate/nitrite, urea and most amino acids, whereas secondary transporters take up ammonium and, in some strains, nitrate/nitrite. In cyanobacteria, nitrate and nitrite reductases are ferredoxin-dependent enzymes, arginine is catabolized by a combination of the urea cycle and arginase pathway, and urea is degraded by a Ni2+-dependent urease. These pathways provide ammonium that is incorporated into carbon skeletons through the glutamine synthetase–glutamate synthase cycle, in which 2-oxoglutarate is the final nitrogen acceptor. The expression of many nitrogen assimilation genes is subjected to regulation being activated by the nitrogen-control transcription factor NtcA, which is autoregulatory and whose activity appears to be influenced by 2-oxoglutarate and the signal transduction protein PII. In some filamentous cyanobacteria, N2 fixation takes place in specialized cells called heterocysts that differentiate from vegetative cells in a process strictly controlled by NtcA.

Nitrogen metabolism and chloramphenicol production in Streptomyces venezuelae

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shapiro ◽  
L. C. Vining
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Streptomyces Venezuelae

The relationship between chloramphenicol production and nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces venezuelae was examined in stirred jar cultures under pH control. Nitrogen sources that supported rapid biomass accumulation gave low rates of antibiotic synthesis during growth. This was consistent with a general incompatibility between fast growth and high yields of chloramphenicol. In media where the growth rate was reduced below the attainable maximum by the rate at which nitrogen could be assimilated, chloramphenicol production was associated with biomass accumulation. Enzymes that are potentially associated with nitrogen assimilation pathways were assayed in cultures supplied with nitrogen sources supporting markedly different growth rates. The results indicated mat glutamine synthetase and alanine dehydrogenase levels were relatively insensitive to changes in growth rate and nitrogen source depletion. Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase, on the other hand, showed high activity in cultures assimilating ammonium nitrogen and markedly decreased activity with poorer nitrogen sources or when ammonium was depleted. If chloramphenicol biosynthesis is coordinately controlled by mechanisms that regulate nitrogen assimilation, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase are the most likely enzymes that manifest the regulatory linkage.

Effects of Nano-Devices on Growth, Quality and Activities of Enzymes in Nitrogen Metabolism of Hydroponic Lettuce

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 1453-1458
Author(s):  
Gui Lian Li ◽  
Ri Yuan Chen ◽  
Hou Cheng Liu ◽  
Shi Wei Song ◽  
Guang Wen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Glutamine Synthase ◽  
Growth Quality

To improve yield and quality of lettuce in hydroponic, the growth, quality and activities of enzymes in nitrogen metabolism of lettuce in hydroponics were studied with nanodevices. The results showed that the nitrate reductase activities (NRA) in plants with nanodevices were significantly higher than the control at 16rd day after transplanting (DAT). On the 25th DAT, the shoot fresh weight of lettuce treated with 5.6cm2/L nanodevices was 17.8% higher than the control, while there was no difference in dry weights of shoot among different treatments. The NRA of lettuce increased gradually with the amount of nanodevices increasing from 0 cm2/L to 5.6 cm2/L, then decreased with nanodevices amount increasing. There was no obvious difference in the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) among different treatments,while glutamine synthase (GS) activity was enhanced with the increasing of nanodevices amount. On the 34th DAT, the shoot fresh weight of lettuce treated by 5.6cm2/L nanodevices was 11.2% higher than the control. The activities of NR and GS treated by 11.2cm2/L increased 39.7%, 97.7%, respectively compared with CK, while the activities of GDH and GOGAT treated by 5.6cm2/L increased 89.0%, 77.3%, respectively. In treatment with 5.6 cm2/L nanodevices in nutrient solution, the contents of soluble protein, flavonoid, soluble phenolic and ascorbic acid (VC) in lettuce increased 92.8%, 19.8%, 36.7% and 61.5%, respectively.The nitrate content in lettuce significantly increased with the using of nanodevices, but did not exceed the national standard. In conclusion, the yield and quality of hydroponic lettuce were improved by nanodevices, and the activities of enzymes in nitrogen metabolism were enhanced, especially at 25th and 34th DAT and best dosage of nanodevices is 5.6 cm2/L.

scholarly journals Mutants affecting histidine utilization inAspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Polkinghorne ◽  
M. J. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYWild-type strains ofAspergillus nidulansgrow poorly onL-histidine as a sole nitrogen source. The synthesis of the enzyme histidase (EC. 4.3.1.3) appears to be a limiting factor in the growth of the wild type, as strains carrying the mutantareA102 allele have elevated histidase levels and grow strongly on histidine as a sole nitrogen source.L-Histidine is an extremely weak sole carbon source for all strains.Ammonium repression has an important role in the regulation of histidase synthesis and the relief of ammonium repression is dependent on the availability of a good carbon source. The level of histidase synthesis does not respond to the addition of exogenous substrate.Mutants carrying lesions in thesarA orsarB loci (suppressor ofareA102) have been isolated. The growth properties of these mutants on histidine as a sole nitrogen source correlate with the levels of histidase synthesized. Mutation at thesarA andsarB loci also reduces the utilization of a number of other nitrogen sources. The data suggest that these two genes may code for regulatory products involved in nitrogen catabolism. No histidase structural gene mutants were identified and possible explanations of this are discussed.

scholarly journals Dinamika Amonium dan Nitrat Lahan Sawah Latosol pada Budidaya Konvensional Padi Lokal dan Hibrida di Subak Jatiluwih

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
GITA YUNI PERMATASARI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG ISTRI KESUMADEWI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG NGURAH GEDE SUWASTIKA
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
The Times ◽  
Rice Water

Ammonium Dynamics and Latosol Wetland Nitrates in Conventional Cultivation of Local and Hybrid Rice in Jatiluwih Subak. Plants absorb nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Each sample was analyzed for its ammonium and nitrate levels using macro Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in soil of the two rice fields were similar. The ions contents were as following: nitrate (2,67%) and ammonium (2,67%) in local rice, while those in hybrid rice fields were amounted of 1,48% and 4,59% respectivelly. The concentration of ammonium and nitrate on 21 DAC in soil samples remained low and rose at 28 DAC, then decreased at 56 DAC. It means that the times of fertilizing always done by the farmers were not appropriate.The content of ammonium and nitrate in water phase much lower than that in soils for both types of rice plants. The highest concentration of ammonium in local rice fields was 0,093% at the time of tillage and the lowest 0% on 21 DAC, while the highest nitrate concentrations in local rice water was 0,37% at 70 DAC and the lowest was 0% at of 21 DAC. The highest ammonium concentrations in hybrid rice 0,33% at 14 DAC, and the lowest 0% at 42 HST, while the highest nitrate content 0,47% at 42 DAC and the lowest 0% at the time of tillage. The fertilizing times recommended based on the findings of this reaserch is at 10-15 DAC for both rice types and another subsquent fertilization on 60-65 DAC for local rice and 40-45 DAC in hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Organization and Structure of Ferredoxin. Dependent Glutamate Synthase Gene and Intracellular Localization of the Enzyme Protein in Rice Plants.

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko HAYAKAWA ◽  
Takahiro SAKAI ◽  
Keiki ISHIYAMA ◽  
Naoya HIROSE ◽  
Hiroyuki NAKAJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Rice Plants

Cell Specific Expression of Nadh-Dependent Glutamate Synthase in Rice Plants

1998 ◽  
pp. 3023-3026
Author(s):  
Keiki Ishiyama ◽  
Soichi Kojima ◽  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamaya
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Rice Plants

scholarly journals Inactivation of gltB Abolishes Expression of the Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase Gene (nasB) in Pseudomonas putida KT2442

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 3368-3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Eberl ◽  
Aldo Ammendola ◽  
Michael H. Rothballer ◽  
Michael Givskov ◽  
Claus Sternberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Gene ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Reductase Gene

ABSTRACT By using mini-Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, random transcriptional fusions of promoterless bacterial luciferase,luxAB, to genes of Pseudomonas putida KT2442 were generated. Insertion mutants that responded to ammonium deficiency by induction of bioluminescence were selected. The mutant that responded most strongly was genetically analyzed and is demonstrated to bear the transposon within the assimilatory nitrate reductase gene (nasB) of P. putida KT2442. Genetic evidence as well as sequence analyses of the DNA regions flanking nasBsuggest that the genes required for nitrate assimilation are not clustered. We isolated three second-site mutants in which induction ofnasB expression was completely abolished under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the chromosomal junctions revealed that in all three mutants the secondary transposon had inserted at different sites in the gltB gene of P. putida KT2442 encoding the major subunit of the glutamate synthase. A detailed physiological characterization of thegltB mutants revealed that they are unable to utilize a number of potential nitrogen sources, are defective in the ability to express nitrogen starvation proteins, display an aberrant cell morphology under nitrogen-limiting conditions, and are impaired in the capacity to survive prolonged nitrogen starvation periods.

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