scholarly journals Dinamika Amonium dan Nitrat Lahan Sawah Latosol pada Budidaya Konvensional Padi Lokal dan Hibrida di Subak Jatiluwih

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
GITA YUNI PERMATASARI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG ISTRI KESUMADEWI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG NGURAH GEDE SUWASTIKA
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
The Times ◽  
Rice Water

Ammonium Dynamics and Latosol Wetland Nitrates in Conventional Cultivation of Local and Hybrid Rice in Jatiluwih Subak. Plants absorb nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Each sample was analyzed for its ammonium and nitrate levels using macro Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in soil of the two rice fields were similar. The ions contents were as following: nitrate (2,67%) and ammonium (2,67%) in local rice, while those in hybrid rice fields were amounted of 1,48% and 4,59% respectivelly. The concentration of ammonium and nitrate on 21 DAC in soil samples remained low and rose at 28 DAC, then decreased at 56 DAC. It means that the times of fertilizing always done by the farmers were not appropriate.The content of ammonium and nitrate in water phase much lower than that in soils for both types of rice plants. The highest concentration of ammonium in local rice fields was 0,093% at the time of tillage and the lowest 0% on 21 DAC, while the highest nitrate concentrations in local rice water was 0,37% at 70 DAC and the lowest was 0% at of 21 DAC. The highest ammonium concentrations in hybrid rice 0,33% at 14 DAC, and the lowest 0% at 42 HST, while the highest nitrate content 0,47% at 42 DAC and the lowest 0% at the time of tillage. The fertilizing times recommended based on the findings of this reaserch is at 10-15 DAC for both rice types and another subsquent fertilization on 60-65 DAC for local rice and 40-45 DAC in hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Dinamika Amonium dan Nitrat Pada Lahan Sawah Semi Organik untuk Tanaman Padi Lokal dan Hibrida di Subak Jatiluwih Kabupaten Tabanan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
KHOSNUL KHOTIMAH ◽  
ANAK AGUNG NGURAH GEDE SUWASTIKA ◽  
I WAYAN DANA ATMAJA
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Soil And Water

Dynamics Of Ammonium And Nitrate In Semi Organic Rice Fields For Local And Hybrid Rice Plants In Subak Jatiluwih, Tabanan Regency. The study was conducted to determine the dynamics of ammonium and nitrate and time subsequent fertilization in paddy fields with local and hybrid rice. Soil and water samples in two replications were taken each the two paddy fields periodically, namely during the tillage (DTT), 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 112 days after planting (DAP). Ammonium and nitrate levels were analyzed by Macro Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the dynamics of ammonium and soil nitrate were different in two rice varieties. The highest ammonium content of local rice at the age of 7 DAP rice and the highest nitrate content at age 14 DAP. Ammonium and nitrate levels are highest in hybrid rice fields at 28 DAP rice age. The lowest ammonium and nitrate levels in two different varieties of rice land, namely the lowest local rice varieties at the age 28 DAP, whereas in hybrid rice land at age of 98 DAP. The results of this study indicate that supplementation of urea can be carried out at the age of 21 and 98 DAP for local rice varieties, and at the age of 14 DAP and 42 DAP for hybrid rice varieties.

scholarly journals The Stratification of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Top Soils as Affected by the Management of Organic and Conventional Rice Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Arif Anshori ◽  
Ali Pramono ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Top Soil

Organic and conventional management in rice cultivation have an impact on the nature of soil and the sustainability of agricultural system. This study aimed to determine the stratification of organic carbon and nitrogen in top soil from organic and conventional rice management. Top soil samples from organic and conventional rice management were taken before planting rice to find out the parameters of several soil characteristics. After rice was planted, top soil samples were taken at the depths of 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16, 16-20, 20-24 and 24-28 cm from organic and conventional rice fields, to determine the total organic carbon, total nitrogen and nitrate. The results show that organic rice management will provide better soil properties. Stratification of organic carbon and nitrogen was found in top soil from organic and conventional rice fields. Organic rice field appeared to have organic carbon content that was significantly higher than that of conventional rice field, and it is concentrated on top soil surface. The total nitrogen content in layers 0-4 cm and 4-8 cm in organic rice field was considerably higher than in conventional, but the content was different in layers 8-24 cm. Nitrate content was significantly different in top soil 12-16, 16-20 and 20-24 cm, significantly in top soil 8-12 cm, with nitrate in top soil of conventional rice field higher than in organic rice field. However, it was not significant in 0-4 cm and 4-8 cm top soils. This condition was influenced by organic and synthetic chemical fertilization, nitrification, denitrification and leaching.

Comparative Assessment of Nitrate Concentrations in Vegetables Grown on Commercial and Subsistence Farms in the Saratov Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
YuYu Eliseev ◽  
SYu Chekhomov ◽  
YuV Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Vegetable Sample ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Background: Food safety is one of the prerequisites for a healthy diet of the population of the Russian Federation. At the same time, successful functioning of modern agricultural complexes is almost impossible without a widespread use of various agrochemicals, including nitrogen-containing fertilizers. The objective of our study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the nitrate content of vegetables grown on commercial and subsistence farms located in industrially contaminated areas of the region and used as local food. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in the summer and autumn periods of 2017–2019 in a number of polluted areas of the Saratov Region. Nitrate concentrations in local vegetables were measured by a potentiometric method. Results: We established that the nitrate content of vegetables grown in most environmentally disadvantaged areas varied greatly. Concentrations of this contaminant depended on the type of vegetables, growing conditions and region; yet, they did not exceed the maximum permissible level in any vegetable sample tested. At the same time, the level of nitrates in crops grown on commercial farms was significantly higher than that in vegetables grown in private gardens (p < 0.05) due to a more extensive application of nitrate fertilizers in the form of commercially produced ammonium nitrate. Private gardeners, on the opposite, use biomass species, usually legumes, contributing to a better conversion of nitrates into proteins and preventing their excessive accumulation in the produce.

Distribution of Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adult Damage in Florida Rice Fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Cherry ◽  
Bouazza Sakr ◽  
Luigi Trotta ◽  
Gregg Nuessly
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Rice Water Weevil ◽  
Rice Water

scholarly journals A New Mutation Genotype of K218T in Myosin-5 Confers Resistance to Phenamacril in Rice Bakanae Disease in the Field

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Wu ◽  
Y. N. Sun ◽  
X. J. Zhou ◽  
C. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Concentration Methods

In 2017 and 2018, a total of 294 Fusarium fujikuroi isolates were collected from bakanae-diseased rice plants in Jinhua, Shaoxing, and Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, China. Phenamacril sensitivity of these isolates was determined by the 50% effective concentration value or minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Our results indicated that the phenamacril resistance frequency of F. fujikuroi increased from 18% in 2017 to 47% in 2018, and rice plants infected with F. fujikuroi-resistant isolates could not be protected effectively with 50 mg/liter of phenamacril. Phenamacril-resistant F. fujikuroi isolates obtained from rice fields showed stable resistance, because their fitness levels (i.e., mycelial growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity) were similar to the phenamacril-sensitive isolates. In addition to the point mutation at codon 219 in the myosin-5 gene that conferred resistance to phenamacril, our results also showed another point mutation at codon 218 (AAG→ACG) in myosin-5 that also conferred resistance to phenamacril. In this study, we found rapid development and persistence of diversified genotypes of phenamacril resistance, highlighting the importance of proper use of phenamacril in rice fields. Our results may also help researchers develop new fungicides or new control strategies using combinations of different fungicides in the control of phenamacril-resistant F. fujikuroi isolates.

scholarly journals Adsorption of nitrate as a groundwater pollutant by soil particles

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Chieko Nakayama ◽  
Yoshinori Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Breakthrough Curve ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Batch Test ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption

This study discusses nitrogen adsorption in several soil samples of the Kanto loam collected from two locations in the Kanto plain. Their chemical properties were assessed on each of the soil samples as well as on pure allophane clay by instrumental analysis using batch and soil column tests. Nitrogen-nitrate adsorption by soil samples was determined by a 10-hour batch test using a nitric acid solution of 0.14 mmol. A saturation column test was conducted to obtain a breakthrough curve and calculate the coefficients of dispersion and retardation. The extent of nitrate adsorption in soil samples was confirmed by percolation with 0.14 mmol nitric acid through columns packed with the soil sample and silicate sand. In the batch test, it was found that the amount of nitrate adsorption was greater in allophane-rich volcanic ash soils with the amount of nitrate adsorption increasing under conditions of low pH. The breakthrough curve determined by the column test showed that the coefficient of retardation increased in allophane-rich soils. Adsorption of nitrates by Kanto loam soils was thus found to be dependent upon the content of allophane and amorphous material in the soil. Since the positive charge of allophane has the potential to reduce the nitrate content in groundwater, it can be effectively applied to reduce nitrate contamination in groundwater.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITRATE AMOUNT IN GROUNDWATER AND NATURAL FACTORS

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Pociene ◽  
Skirmantas Pocius
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

In Lithuania almost the whole drinking water is derived from groundwater sources. The concept of ground@water vulnerability is based on an assumption that a physical environment may provide some degree of protection to groundwater against human impact.The earth materials may act as natural filters to screen out some contaminants. Groundwater vulnerability depends on the natural characteristics of a site and relates to the pathways and rate of downward movement of pollutants. Pollutant migration through the soil zone depends just on the depth of waterlogging, texture, organic matter content, quantity of precipitation.. Pollutants accumulating in shallow groundwater in the Lithuanian area are, first of all, nitrates and organic matter. Regularities of groundwater chemistry can be determined only after investigation into the processes of their formation. That is why we need to find out the main factors of nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Investigation took place in Karkiškes object of Educational Farm of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 1997–2002. Also, the data from publications were used. The regime of groundwater level and the quantity of nitrates in it was an object of the investigation. The objective of the thesis is to estimate correlation between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and natural factors, such as textural composition of the soil, the quantity of clay and humus particles in the soil, the depth up to the groundwater level, the depth of a restrictive layer and annual precipitation amount. The correlation analysis was used to determine relationship among these factors. The investigation shows that the concentration of nitrogen in groundwater and nitrate leaching are under the influence of humus and clay particles in the soil. It also shows that, when the content of clay particles in the soil increases, nitrogen leaching decreases. Relationship between nitrate content in groundwater and its level from the soil surface, precipitation amount were identified by the investigation. The obtained relationship is close enough, and the correlation coefficients are high (0,86–0,98).

scholarly journals EVALUASI STATUS KESUBURAN N P K TANAH SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI KECAMATAN BERINGIN KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitra Syawal Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Rainfed rice fields are paddy fields whose water sources depend on rainfall without permanent irrigation structures. This study aimed to identify fertility variables that are obstacles in Beringin Subdistrict by evaluating soil fertility status and reviewing management alternatives that are in accordance with the soil fertility status found in rainfed lowland rice fields in several villages in Beringin Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District.This research was a phenomenological qualitative descriptive study with land survey and supported by qualitative laboratory analysis. The taking of soil samples was carried out in the survey area sequentially based on the location of the estimated nature of the soil with the purposive random sampling method. The taking of soil samples was taken in the upper layer at the top soil depth of 0-20 cm, and the coordinates of the point were recorded using GPS.The fertility status of paddy fields in BeringinSubdistrict was classified as high, medium, and low soil fertility status. High soil fertility in P-total soil parameters in all villages, for medium land in K2O parameters in all villages, while for low land status in N-total land parameters in all villages. Prompts for giving urea fertilizer without organic matter as much as 250 kg ha-1, with 5 tons of straw ha-1 adding urea fertilizer as much as 230 kg ha-1 and using 2 tons of manure ha-1 giving urea fertilizer as much as 225 kg ha-1.P fertilization in medium status paddy fields is 75 kg SP-36 ha-1, and high P fertility status is 50 kg ha-1SP-36. K fertilizer application for high soil fertility status is 50 kg ha-1. Prompts for organic fertilizer using compost of rice straw equal to 5 tons ha-1 and or manure 2 tons ha-1. Keywords: Status of N,P,K, Rainfed Rice Field, Beringin District

scholarly journals Investigation of Nitrate Content of Sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill) and Oregano (Origanum onites) Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Işın KOCABAŞ OĞUZ
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Nitrate Analysis ◽  
Origanum Onites

In this study, the nitrate contents of sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill) and oregano (Origanum onites) plants and their soils growing naturally between Kekova and Kaş were investigated. The spectrometric method was used in nitrate analysis on leaf samples of plants collected from research areas. NO3-N contents were determined as mg kg-1 dry weight of dry matter. The leaves chlorophyll concentrations were measured with the Minolta SPAD 502 plus chlorophyll meter. DR 2800 (Hach-Lange, USA) Spectrophotometer was used for nitrate analysis in dry and moist soil samples. Nitrate contents of plant leaves were from 140.12 to 363.64 mg kg-1 values in sage leaf samples; It was determined that oregano leaf samples varied from 106.06 to 415.58 mg kg-1. Nitrate contents of soils ranged from 2.66 to 24.66 μg g-1 in soils where sage is grown; it ranged from 6.24 to 19.82 μg g-1 in the soils oregano is grown.

scholarly journals Toxic Elements in Soil and Rice in Ecuador

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Oliva Atiaga ◽  
Jenny Ruales ◽  
Luís Miguel Nunes ◽  
Xosé Luis Otero
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Bioconcentration Factors ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Geochemical Fractions ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
International Regulations

The concentration of trace toxic metals (Cr, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Ni) in soil and rice plants, including the stems, leaves, and grain, from the main rice-producing provinces in Ecuador, was determined. Additionally, the soils were analyzed to determine their properties, composition, total content, bioavailable fraction, and geochemical fractions of toxic elements. Approximately 30% of soil samples in the case of Cr and Cu and 10% of samples in the case of Ni exceeded the legal thresholds for Ecuador. Moreover, for Cr and Cu, approximately 4% and 13% of samples, respectively, exceeded the threshold value of 100 mg kg−1 proposed for these two elements in several international regulations. Concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd in the soils were below the threshold values established both by Ecuadorian laws and by other countries. The concentrations of metals in rice plants did not correlate linearly with the total metal concentrations in the soil, nor with their bioavailability. However, the bioconcentration factors for As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn could be predicted from bioavailability by a power law with exponents ranging from −0.724 to −1.625, which is typical of accumulator plants, where trace metal homeostasis plays an important role.

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