scholarly journals Correlates of Sexual Risky Behaviours, HIV Testing, and HIV Testing Intention among Sexually Active Youths in Northern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Bernard Njau ◽  
Grace Mhando ◽  
Damian Jeremiah ◽  
Declare Mushi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Hiv Testing Services

Background: HIV testing services are important entry-point into the HIV cascade to care and treatment in order to slow down the spread of HIV infection. Over half of all new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa occur among young people under the age of 25, particularly women. The study aimed to determine factors influencing young people’s decision to undergo HIV testing services in Northern Tanzania. Methods: A total of 536 sexually active participants aged 15 to 24 years old completed a semi-structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Results: Males compared to female participants were significantly younger at first age of sexual intercourse (15.4 vs. 16.7 years; p = .001). Out of 536 participants, 418(78%) reported inconsistent condom use, and 203/303(67%) were those practicing casual sex. Only, 189/536(35.3%) of the participants reported to have had an HIV-test. Age, socioeconomic status, perceived HIV severity, attitudes and social approval regarding testing and beliefs about testing procedures and perceived barriers to testing were significant predictors of HIV testing (R2 =.22). Age, unsafe casual sex, perceived severity, HIV-testing attitudes, self-efficacy, social approval, cues for actions and perceived quality of testing procedures were significant and positively related to HIV-testing intentions, while perceived barriers to testing were negatively related (R2 = .36). Conclusion: The integrated constructs of HBM and TPB provides a framework for identifying correlates of HIV testing behaviours and HIV testing intentions among sexually active youths. Future behaviour change interventions should focus on reduction of sexually risky behaviours, increasing perceived HIV severity, enhance positive attitudes and social approvals on testing, reduce misconceptions about testing procedures, alleviation of perceived barriers to testing and improve testing self-efficacy among sexually active youths in this setting.

Perceived barriers and facilitators to uptake of HIV testing services among people who inject drugs in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Ngo Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hau ◽  
Nguyen Van Chau ◽  
Le Trung Tan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Minh Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Hiv Testing Services

Understanding the dynamics of HIV testing services in South African primary care facilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonderai Mabuto ◽  
Bhakti Hansoti ◽  
Salome Charalambous ◽  
Christopher Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
South African ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Hiv Testing Services

scholarly journals Attitude Toward Family Involvement in End-of-Life Care Among Older Chinese Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 507-507
Author(s):  
Kaipeng Wang ◽  
Yanqin Liu ◽  
Fei Sun ◽  
Dexia Kong ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
Older Chinese Americans

Abstract Family involvement is critical to end-of-life (EOL) care of older adults. Attitude toward family involvement in EOL care can be influenced by family relationship. Yet, mechanisms explaining such influence have not been examined among older Chinese Americans. This study aims to examine the association between family relationship and older Chinese Americans’ attitude toward family involvement in EOL care and explore pathways of this association. Potential mediators include self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers of discussing EOL care with family members. Data were collected from 276 Chinese Americans aged 55+ in two metropolitan areas in 2018. Participants’ average age was 74 years (SD=9.6). Approximately 64% of the sample were female. Most participants (57%) held positive attitudes toward family involvement in EOL care. Using the Structural Equation Modeling method, we found that family relationship had a significant positive total effect on positive attitude toward family involvement in EOL care (z=5.57, p<0.001). Indirect direct of family relationship on attitude toward family involvement in EOL care through both self-efficacy (z=3.13, p<0.01) and perceived barriers (z=2.30, p<0.05) of discussing EOL care with family members was significant. Results suggest that improving family relationship may increase elder’s self-efficacy and reduce barriers of discussing EOL with family members, which is associated with more positive attitude toward family involvement in EOL care. Findings provide empirical evidence of how family relationship affects older Chinese Americans’ attitude toward family involvement in EOL care and underline the need for family-centered interventions for older Chinese Americans.

scholarly journals Drivers and barriers to workplace-based HIV self-testing among high-risk men in Uganda: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience A. Muwanguzi ◽  
Robert C. Bollinger ◽  
Stuart C. Ray ◽  
LaRon E. Nelson ◽  
Noah Kiwanuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Security Companies

Abstract Background Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are less engaged than women in accessing HIV testing and treatment and, consequently, experience higher HIV-related mortality. Reaching men with HIV testing services is challenging, thus, increasing the need for innovative ways to engage men with low access and those at higher risk. In this study, we explore men’s perceptions of drivers and barriers of workplace-based HIV self-testing in Uganda. Methods An exploratory study involving men working in private security companies employing more than 50 men in two districts, in central and western Uganda. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results Forty-eight (48) men from eight private security companies participated in 5 focus group discussions and 17 key informant interviews. Of the 48 men, 14(29.2%) were ages 26–35 years. The majority 31(64.6%) were security guards. The drivers reported for workplace-based HIV self-testing included convenience, autonomy, positive influence from work colleagues, the need for alternative access for HIV testing services, incentives, and involvement of employers. The barriers reported were the prohibitive cost of HIV tests, stigma, lack of testing support, the fear of discrimination and isolation, and concerns around decreased work productivity in the event of a reactive self-test. Conclusions We recommend the involvement of employers in workplace-based HIV self-testing to encourage participation by employees. There is need for HIV self-testing support both during and after the testing process. Both employers and employees recommend the use of non-monetary incentives, and regular training about HIV self-testing to increase the uptake and acceptability of HIV testing services at the workplace.

scholarly journals Pathways Through Which Health Literacy Is Linked to Parental Oral Health Behavior in an American Indian Tribe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela G Brega ◽  
Rachel L Johnson ◽  
Sarah J Schmiege ◽  
Anne R Wilson ◽  
Luohua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Efficacy Estimate

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) is the “ability to find, understand, evaluate and put information to use to improve decision making and, ultimately, improve health and quality of life.” Parents with limited HL are less likely to follow recommended parental oral health behaviors. Purpose We tested a theoretical framework designed to clarify mechanisms through which HL may influence parental oral health behavior. The framework proposed that HL: (a) has a direct effect on parental oral health knowledge, beliefs (i.e. self-efficacy; perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers), and behavior; (b) influences beliefs indirectly through knowledge; and (c) influences behavior indirectly through knowledge and beliefs. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from a randomized controlled trial designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 521). Parents completed survey questions assessing sociodemographic characteristics, HL, and parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behavior. Path analysis was used to test the framework. Results HL exerted significant direct effects on knowledge and beliefs but not behavior. HL had significant indirect effects on all beliefs through knowledge. Significant indirect effects of HL on behavior occurred through self-efficacy (estimate: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.83, p = .005), perceived barriers (estimate: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.43, p = .010), knowledge to self-efficacy (estimate: 0.57, 95% CI: .31, 0.98, p = .001), and knowledge to perceived barriers (estimate: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.47, p = .012). Conclusions HL exerted an indirect effect on parental oral health behavior, with knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers being the primary constructs linking HL to behavior.

scholarly journals Factors associated with physical inactivity among female and male rural adolescents in Borneo – a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whye Lian Cheah ◽  
Hazmi Helmy ◽  
Ching Thon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Rural communities have shown marked increase in metabolic syndrome among young people, with physical inactivity as one of the main contributing factors. This study aimed to determine factors associated with physical inactivity among male and female rural adolescents in a sample of schools in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 145 students aged 13–15 years. Data on socio-demographic, health-related, and psychosocial factors (perceived barriers, self-efficacy, social influences) were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement was taken to generate body mass index (BMI)-for-age, while physical activity (PA) level was assessed using pedometers. The mean steps per day was 6251.37 (SD=3085.31) with males reported as being more active. About 27% of the respondents were either overweight or obese, with more females in this group. There was no significant difference in steps among males and females (p=0.212), and nutritional status (BMI-for-age) (p=0.439). Females consistently scored higher in most items under perceived barriers, but had significantly lower scores in self-efficacy’s items. Males were more influenced by peers in terms of PA (p<0.001) and were more satisfied with their body parts (p=0.047). A significantly higher body size discrepancy score was found among females (p=0.034, CI –0.639, –0.026). PA level was low and almost one-third of the respondents were overweight and obese. Female students faced more barriers and had lower self-efficacy with regards PA. Based on the findings, it is recommended that interventions focus on reducing barriers while increasing support for PA. This is particularly important in improving the health status of the youth, especially among the females.

scholarly journals Preferences for HIV testing services among young people in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
iwelunmor juliet ◽  
Jason J. Ong ◽  
Sawsan Salah ◽  
Chisom Obiezu-Umeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Hiv Testing Services ◽  
Test Administrator

Abstract Background Despite high HIV incidence rates among young people in Nigeria, less than 24% of this population have ever tested for HIV. These low HIV testing rates suggest that current testing services may not align with their testing preferences. To address this gap, the objective of this study was to assess preferences for HIV testing options among young people in Nigeria.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using survey to assess preferences for HIV testing options among 113 youth aged 14-24 years residing in Nigeria. The survey included a series of hypothetical HIV testing options, comprised of six characteristics centered around HIV testing service (i.e. location of testing, test administrator, mode of pre-test, mode of post-test counseling, type of HIV test, and cost of HIV test). For each characteristic, participants were asked to select one of the options that they prefer or indicate none of the above. A descriptive analysis of the preferences made by participants was conducted, summarizing proportions of participants who selected different options for HIV testing.Results The mean age of study participants was 19.5 years old (SD=2.7). Most youth (73, 64.6%) had at least a secondary school degree. There was pronounced heterogeneity in HIV testing preferences among young people. Although most youth preferred free HIV testing, 14 (16.7%) reported preferring paying a small amount compared to free testing. More youth preferred blood-based HIV self-testing 39(48.8%) compared to facility-based HIV testing and oral HIV self-testing.Conclusions Our finding suggest that young people have a range of HIV testing preferences in Nigeria. This suggests that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to delivering services to youth may be challenging in this context. HIV testing services can be optimized to reach young people if a variety options are provided to meet their unique preferences.

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