scholarly journals Water Conservation Potential and Quality of Non-turf Groundcovers versus Kentucky Bluegrass under Increasing Levels of Drought Stress

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Sedum Acre ◽  
Reference Crop

Abstract In June 1991, a 2-year field study was initiated to examine if three non-turf groundcovers require less irrigation than Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). Irrigation treatments were based on decreasing percentage of évapotranspiration (ET) (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%). ET was estimated by the modified Penman equation using alfalfa as a reference crop. Plants receiving the 0% irrigation treatment were not irrigated and relied on precipitation for survival. The groundcovers studied were Kentucky bluegrass ‘Challenger’ (Poa pratensis L.), creeping potentilla (Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch.), goldmoss (Sedum acre L.) and snow-in-summer (Cerastium tomentosum L.). Data were collected on visual ratings, growth, soil moisture and canopy temperature. Optimum irrigation for KBG was 50% ET. Cerastium required irrigation at 50%-75% of estimated ET during the initial season (1991) for optimum appearance and growth. During 1992, the plants were better established and 25% ET was optimum. Potentilla required irrigation at the 75% ET rate for optimum visual quality. Sedum maintained a good aesthetic appearance at irrigation rates as low as 25% ET and could be considered as a water-conserving alternative to KBG

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF A SOIL-INCORPORATED HYDROGEL ON IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS AND QUALITY OF TRANSPLANTED SOD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109f-1109
Author(s):  
Anthony Koski
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil-incorporated hydrogel to reduce irrigation requirements of transplanted Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) sod. The treatments included an untilled control, tilled soil, and tilled soil with incorporated hydrogel. Initial irrigation treatment were made daily, at various percentages of potential evapotraspiration (PET), to determine irrigation requirements of newly transplanted sod. Other irrigation treatments were later imposed on transplanted sod which had been established at 100% of PET, to determine irrigation requirements of established sod. Turf quality was measured weekly, and sod transplant rooting strength was also measured.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF WATER CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF NON-TURF GROUNDCOVERS VS. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS UNDER INCREASING LEVELS OF DROUGHT STRESS.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 676c-676
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Better Than

In June 1991, a two year field study was initiated to examine if three non-turf groundcovers with reputations for using low amounts of water actually use less water than Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). Irrigation treatments were based on percentages of ET (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0%) and calculated by the modified Penman equation. Results from the 1991 season indicate that at the 100% and 75% treatments Potentilla tabernaemontani and Cerastium tomentosum were significantly better than the other species in terms of establishment and vigor but quality declined significantly at rates below 75%. At the 50% rate both KBG and Sedum acre maintained good quality although growth was slow. At the 25% rate, quality of KBG significantly declined while Sedum acre maintained good quality. Quality of Sedum acre declined only slightly at the 0% treatment and would be a good alternative to KBG if water conservation was a high priority in the landscape.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Endophytes on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Trifolium Subterraneum and Poa Pratensis as Affected by Plant Host Specificity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Latorre ◽  
Sara Rodrigo ◽  
Oscar Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Herbage Yield

Abstract The introduction of well-adapted species, such as Trifolium subterraneum and Poa pratensis, might enhance the forage yield and quality of dehesas pastures for feeding livestock. However, the climatic hardness and poor soils in these agrosystems may limit plant establishment and development. Since fungal endophytes have been found to alleviate the environmental stresses of their host, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of five isolates on forage yield, nutritive value and plant mineral uptake after their inoculation in the two above-mentioned plant species. Two experiments were established (under greenhouse and field conditions) using plants inoculated with two isolates in 2012/2013 (Epicoccum nigrum, Sporormiella intermedia) and three isolates in 2013/2014 (Mucor hiemalis, Fusarium equiseti, Byssochlamys spectabilis). Thus, F. equiseti (E346) increased the herbage yield of T. subterraneum under greenhouse conditions, B. spectabilis was found to improve the forage quality of T. subterraneum by reducing fibre content and of P. pratensis by increasing crude protein. Also, S. intermedia increased the mineral uptake of Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, Tl and Zn in subclover and M. hiemalis, the uptake of K and Sr in Kentucky bluegrass. These results evidenced the potential of the studied fungal endophytes to enhance herbage yield and the forage nutritional value, although further studies should include all of the intended forage species as certain host specificity in the effect was observed.

scholarly journals 429 Detecting Incipient Water Stress in Buffalograss and Kentucky Bluegrass through Foliage Temperature using Lowcost Infrared Sensors

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 467C-467
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Stewart ◽  
Roger Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Drought Avoidance

Infrared sensors were used to quantify canopy temperature and thus detect differences in incipient water stress between a cool-season grass [Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis)] and a warm-season grass [buffalograss (BG) (Buchloe dactyloides)]. The infrared sensors, connected to a datalogger, measured average hourly leaf–air temperatures (TL–TA) 1 m above eight replicate plots of Kentucky bluegrass and eight replicate plots of buffalograss. Air temperature and relative humidity from a nearby weather station were used to calculate the average hourly vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In late July, we ceased irrigating and measured TL–TA and soil water content while allowing the turf to dry down for 5 weeks. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe. Both species exhibited a significant relationship between TL–TA and VPD. As the VPD increased, TL–TA decreased in both species (KBG r2 = 0.73, BG r2 = 0.71) on the 2nd day after an irrigation during well-watered conditions. An artifact was created on the first day after an irrigation as a result of excessive surface evaporation. KBG and BG were similar under well-watered conditions. KBG had a higher TL–TA after 4 to 5 days without irrigation. By contrast, BG did not have a higher TL–TA until 25 to 30 days without irrigation. Part of BG's drought avoidance was extraction of soil water down to 0.9 m vs. 0.45 m for KBG.

scholarly journals Light Reflected from Different Plant Canopies Affected Beta vulgaris L. Growth and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Reflected Light

Studies on crop response to light quality (red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio) often recommend early weed removal to reduce the effects of shade avoidance responses on crop yield. However, it is unclear whether crops are able to distinguish reflected light quality of kin from that of nonkin. We evaluated the response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to reflected FR light from sugar beet, common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and bare soil (control) under outdoor conditions in 2016 and 2017. Treatments were completely randomized with 10 replications per treatment. The study methods ensured there was no direct resource competition. The reflected R:FR of plant species ranged from 0.06 (common lambsquarters) to 0.24 (sugar beet) compared to 0.7 for the bare soil. In 2016 and 2017, there were 2 to 4 more leaves in the sugar beet surrounded by soil compared to sugar beet surrounded by neighboring species. There was up to 47, 57, 43, and 23% reduction in sugar beet leaf area, shoot dry weight, root diameter, and root dry weight, respectively, due to reflected R:FR light from neighboring species. Sugar beet did not respond differently to reflected light quality of kin compared to nonkin.

Maturation effects on forage quality of Kentucky bluegrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hockensmith ◽  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
G. C. Marten ◽  
J. L. Halgerson
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cool Season

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an important constituent of many permanent pastures in the northern United States and is an important source of livestock feed, but there is a paucity of information on its forage quality. The objective of this research was to assess changes with maturity in forage quality of whole herbage, leaves, and stems of Kentucky bluegrass compared with other important cool-season forage grasses. Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were sampled weekly beginning in mid-May until each species reached milk stage. Kentucky bluegrass had the highest or was among the grasses with the highest average leaf percentage, and leaf, stem, and whole herbage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations; and lowest average whole herbage, leaf, and stem in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations compared with tall growing species. Kentucky bluegrass also had the slowest rates of change in leaf and stem concentration and in whole herbage IVDDM and NDF concentrations with maturity. Leaf concentration was negatively correlated with herbage NDF and ADL concentration, but was not correlated with herbage IVDDM and CP concentration. Relative to tall growing cool season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass is leafier, but it has poorer forage digestibility. Key words: Poa pratense L., forage quality, perennial grass, leaves, stems

scholarly journals Residential Landscapes, Homeowner Attitudes, and Water-wise Choices in New Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Hurd ◽  
Rolston St. Hilaire ◽  
John M. White
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Residential Landscapes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Conservation Plans

Residential landscapes are responsible for a large share of the water use of New Mexico communities. Water conservation plans and programs are being promulgated throughout New Mexico and the western U.S. as concern grows over the sufficiency and variability of present supplies, sustainability of current population growth rates, and desire for enhanced economic development. Household attitudes, choices, and behaviors ultimately underlie the success and performance of community water conservation programs. Homeowners in three New Mexico cities were surveyed concerning their attitudes and behavior toward water use, water conservation, and residential landscapes. Findings suggest that New Mexico's homeowners are mindful of the water resource challenges faced by communities, and are prepared to shoulder responsibility for stewarding the state's water resources. There is broad community support to limit traditional turfgrasses [e.g., kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)] and to increase the areas planted to native, natural, and water-conserving landscapes; for example, 92% favored limiting turfgrass to less than 25% of the area around public buildings. Evidence showing that 40% are not “content” with their current landscape suggests that significant impediments remain and limit still greater adoption of water-conserving landscapes and subsequent potential for increased household water savings.

Effect of Picloram on Production and Quality of Seed in Several Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Untreated Check

Twelve field trials were conducted in western Oregon during 1963 to 1966 to evaluate the effect of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) on the seed production and seed quality of eight grass species. Seed production of creeping bentgrass (Agrostics palustris Huds., vars. Penncross and Seaside), Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth., var. Highland), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., var. Linn), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., var. Gulf), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., var. Alta) treated with picloram was not statistically different from the untreated check. Seed production of Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth., var. Astoria) was reduced by picloram at rates of 1.0 and 1.5 lb/A. Seed production of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., var. Newport) was not statistically different from the untreated check when picloram was applied in October but was significantly lower than the check following some March treatments. Seed production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L., var. Potomac) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L., var. Pennlawn) was reduced by most picloram treatments made either in October or March. Germination of the creeping red fescue seed was significantly reduced when picloram was applied at 2 lb/A in March. None of the treatments affected seedling development.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Endophytes on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Trifolium Subterraneum and Poa Pratensis as Affected by Plant Host Specificity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Latorre ◽  
Sara M. Rodrigo ◽  
OSCAR SANTAMARIA
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Herbage Yield

Abstract The introduction of well-adapted species, such as Trifolium subterraneum and Poa pratensis, might enhance the forage yield and quality of dehesas pastures for feeding livestock. However, the climatic hardness and poor soils in these agrosystems may limit plant establishment and development. Since fungal endophytes have been found to alleviate the environmental stresses of their host, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of five isolates on forage yield, nutritive value and plant mineral uptake after their inoculation in the two above-mentioned plant species. Two experiments were established (under greenhouse and field conditions) using plants inoculated with two isolates in 2012/2013 (Epicoccum nigrum, Sporormiella intermedia) and three isolates in 2013/2014 (Mucor hiemalis, Fusarium equiseti, Byssochlamys spectabilis). Thus, F. equiseti (E346) increased the herbage yield of T. subterraneum under greenhouse conditions, B. spectabilis was found to improve the forage quality of T. subterraneum by reducing fibre content and of P. pratensis by increasing crude protein. Also, S. intermedia increased the mineral uptake of Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, Tl and Zn in subclover and M. hiemalis, the uptake of K and Sr in Kentucky bluegrass. These results evidenced the potential of the studied fungal endophytes to enhance herbage yield and the forage nutritional value, although further studies should include all of the intended forage species as certain host specificity in the effect was observed.

Performance of birdsfoot trefoil, white clover, and other legume-grass mixtures under irrigation in the Intermountain West USA

2006 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Macadam ◽  
T.C. Griggs
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
Bromus Riparius

Two trials were designed to provide baseline data on the productivity and quality of irrigated pastures in the Intermountain West USA. An initial clipping trial (1997- 1999) screened a number of temperate grass-legume mixtures well-adapted to the soils and climate of the Intermountain West, and a successive grazing trial (2001- 2003) evaluated a subset of these mixtures under rotational grazing. The most productive and best utilised grass in mixtures was meadow brome (Bromus riparius), followed by tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) mixtures tended to become legume-dominated (up to 44% under grazing), and were therefore high in quality but a potential bloat threat. The bloat-safe legume birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) proved to be productive, well-utilised, and as persistent as other legumes in mixtures under grazing. Keywords: grass, grazing, Intermountain West USA, legume, mixtures, pasture

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