scholarly journals Half-Sib Family Selection Improves Container Nursery and Landscape Performance of Sycamore

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Larry J. Shoemake ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Container Nursery

Abstract Seven groups of seedlings from each of seven single parent (half-sib) families of sycamore, Platanus occidentalis L., were grown to a marketable size in 9.1 liter (#3) containers to test responses to container nursery production in south Texas. Seedlings were then transplanted to a field site (Brazos County, TX) in the fall, spring, and summer to assess seasonal effects on landscape establishment. Regional selections grew larger, both during container production and following subsequent transplant to the field. Growth of nonimproved local half-sib families equaled or exceeded that of genetically improved families from a distant region. Differential responses among genetically improved and non-improved sources were less pronounced when genotypes were grown in a region from which they did not originate. Fall and spring transplanted seedlings had substantially greater growth and survival than did summer transplants regardless of genotype. This study demonstrates a potential for regional market segregation of seed-propagated landscape trees.

A cost analysis for using recycled irrigation runoff water in container nursery production: a Southern California nursery case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. L. Pitton ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Darren L. Haver ◽  
Sarah A. White ◽  
Lorence R. Oki
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Irrigation Runoff ◽  
Container Nursery

Growth, phenology, and cold hardiness of 32 Douglas-fir full-sib families

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1821-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Stoehr
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Sib Families

Thirty-two full-sib families of coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) with a range of predicted breeding values were monitored for growth rate, phenology, and cold hardiness over 2 years on two sites to investigate if other traits are being selected when family selection is based on height. Significant differences among families existed in most phenological, growth, and cold-hardiness traits. On average, taller families burst bud later but did not have significantly different growth rates or length of growing period than other families. We found no significant correlations between family date of bud burst and cold hardiness in late spring or between duration of shoot growth or height and autumn freezing damage. Family differences in freezing tolerance were greatest in September and October. In these months, family current-year leaf nitrogen was positively correlated with cold hardiness. Families that were most hardy in the autumn were not the most hardy families in spring. We conclude that, for the studied breeding series, selection based on height does not have a significant impact on cold hardiness. We found no consistent relationships between phenological, growth, or cold-hardiness parameters and final height that could explain family ranking by height. Relationships between grandparent elevation and dates of bud burst and cold hardiness were observed.

scholarly journals Survival and growth of white poplar rooted cuttings regarding term of planting

Topola ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovačević ◽  
Dušan Igić ◽  
Zoran Novčić ◽  
Saša Orlović
Keyword(s):  
Populus Alba ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Standard Term ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Rooting Capacity

White poplar nursery production is mainly based on vegetative propagation hardwood cuttings. In this study the reaction of three clones of white poplar (Populus alba L.) on term of cuttings' preparation and planting according to parameters of survival and growth of rooted cuttings in three nurseries in Northern part of Serbia. There were two terms of cuttings' preparation and planting examined: a) mid-March and d) the beginning of April (standard term). Obtained results suggest considerable differences between nurseries and between examined terms. Differences between clones were not significant, but there were found significant effects of interactions of factor Clone with other two main sources of variation. The best results were obtained by cuttings that were prepared and planted in mid-March, due to faster growth and survival of rooted cuttings. The positive effect of the earlier term is evident particularly in clones L-12 and L-80 and enable feasible production of rooted cuttings of these clones, especially in nurseries that obtained better conditions. Results obtained in this study suggest that influence of terms of cuttings' production and planting is important issue concerning introduction of clones with relatively poor rooting capacity, optimization of nursery technology of experimental white poplar clones, and improvement of white poplar nursery production in general.

scholarly journals Growth Retardant Application to Canna × generalis ‘Florence Vaughan’

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
L.L. Bruner ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J.R. Kessler ◽  
C.H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Canna Generalis ◽  
Suppression Effects

Abstract The effects of 15 to 45 ppm Cutless (flurprimidol), 2500/1500 to 7500/1500 ppm B-Nine/Cycocel tank mixes (daminozide/chlormequatchloride), and 20 to 60 ppm Sumagic (uniconazole) on the vegetative growth and flowering of Canna x generalis ‘Florence Vaughan’ were determined during container nursery production and landscape establishment. Vegetative heights 30 and 60 days after treatment (DAT) and vegetative and inflorescence heights at first and second flower were suppressed by all plant growth retardants (PGRs). There was no delay in flowering of the first inflorescence from any PGR treatment, and a three to seven day delay in flowering of the second inflorescence with only Sumagic. Vegetative height was suppressed quadratically 14–28% (30 DAT) and linearly 19–40% (60 DAT) by increasing Cutless rates. Inflorescence heights of plants treated with 15 or 30 ppm Cutless were suppressed proportionally to foliage heights without any detrimental effect on floral display. Heights of plants treated with Cutless and transplanted into the landscape at 60 DAT were similar to those remaining in containers at 90 DAT, and 7 cm (3 in) and 11 cm (3.5 in) taller at 120 and 150 DAT, respectively. Vegetative heights of plants in both locations were suppressed linearly by Cutless, 15–33% (90 DAT) and 7–12% (120 DAT) with height suppression effects dissipating by 150 DAT. Vegetative height was suppressed quadratically by B-Nine/Cycocel, 5–14% and 16–28% at 30 and 60 DAT, respectively. However, response was inconsistent with rate at all sampling dates both in containers and in the landscape. B-Nine/Cycocel treated plants were suppressed quadratically up to 33% (90 DAT) and up to 17% (120 DAT). Plants transplanted and treated with B-Nine/Cycocel were suppressed linearly 14–23% (90 DAT) and 6–16% (120 DAT). At 150 DAT, BNine/Cycocel treated plants were similar in height to control plants, with transplanted plants around 10 cm (4 in) taller than those remaining in containers. Sumagic suppressed vegetative height quadratically 28–33% (30 DAT) and 50–52% (60 DAT). At 60 DAT, the height suppression was excessive and leaf orientation was altered to a less upright position. Inflorescence height suppression by Sumagic was considered excessive with first and second flower occurring below the surrounding foliage. Compared to those transplanted into the landscape at 60 DAT, plants treated with Sumagic and remaining in containers were 12% (90 DAT), 36% (120 DAT), and 37% (150 DAT) shorter. In both locations, Sumagic suppressed vegetative height quadratically 46% (90 DAT) and 29% (120 DAT) compared to control plants. Compared to control plants, at 150 DAT, treated plants remaining in containers were suppressed to a greater extent (32–43%) than those transplanted into the landscape (11–14%).

scholarly journals Reducing Water and Pesticide Movement in Nursery Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon E. Abdi ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Water Nutrients ◽  
Container Nursery

Ornamental nurseries produce a large number of plants in a concentrated area, and aesthetics are a key component of the product. To produce crops in this manner, high inputs of water, nutrients, and pesticides are typically used. Container nursery production further increases the inputs, especially water, because container substrates are designed to quickly drain, and the most effective method of irrigating large numbers of plants in containers (up to a certain size) is the use of overhead irrigation. Because irrigation and pesticides are broadcast over the crop, and because the crop is limited to the container, a large proportion of water or pesticides may land on nontarget areas, creating runoff contaminant issues. Water is the primary means of pesticide movement in nursery production. This review discusses water and pesticide dynamics and management strategies to conserve water and reduce pesticide and water movement during container nursery production.

scholarly journals Origin of Multiple Trunks Affects Crapemyrtle Posttransplant Establishment

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Plastic Containers

Bare-root 17.5-inch-tall (44.45-cm) `Sarah's Favorite' crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.) liners were grown in #3 [2.75-gal (10.4-L)] black plastic containers and trained to one, three, or five trunks by one of two methods. Half of the plants were established from multiple liners with each trained to form one of the trunks. The others were established by planting a single liner in each container, pruning them back to within 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the substrate surface, and then training elongating buds or adventitious shoots to the desired number of trunks. Once plants reached a marketable size they were transplanted to a landscape for two growing seasons to determine the effects of the treatments on trunk survival or growth uniformity in the landscape. The study was replicated in time with containerized `Basham's Party Pink' crapemyrtle liners, but only grown in the field for 1 year. Growth and quality differences were minimal at the end of nursery production for either clone, thus favoring recommendation of whichever treatment would be most economical to produce the desired growth form. However, in the landscape phase, survival of `Sarah's Favorite' crapemyrtle and growth and uniformity of `Basham's Party Pink' crapemyrtle were greater for several growth measures when multiple trunks were produced by training stems of the same plant as opposed to planting multiple liners. Trunk survival was generally good for three or fewer trunks, but significant losses often occurred when the planting units had five trunks, especially when grown from multiple liners. Growth and survival differences among treatments were more pronounced with increasing trunk number and the longer the planting units were in the field (landscape).

scholarly journals Crabapple and Lilac Growth and Root-zone Temperatures in Northern Nursery Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Common Lilac ◽  
Ground System ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Shoot Mass

Crabapple (Malus ‘Donald Wyman’) and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris ‘Monge’) were grown from liners to marketable size in five production systems: field-grown, plastic container, pot-in-pot (PiP), bag-in-pot (BiP), and above-ground system (AGS). The objectives were to compare growth in modified container systems, which could potentially eliminate overwintering requirements in northern production nurseries and to compare the effects on tree root growth during landscape establishment. There were no significant differences in crabapple root or shoot mass after two seasons except PiP dry root weights exceeded field-grown trees. For lilacs, there were significant differences in growth and shoot dry weight with field-grown and PiP plants being largest. PiP root-zone temperatures (RZTs) were similar to field-grown RZTs. Container, BiP, and AGS systems all exceeded lethal high and low RZT thresholds, resulting in root damage. Five trees from each treatment were transplanted into a low-maintenance landscape and dug up 3 years later. There were no significant differences in top growth, but the effects of the production systems were evident in the root architecture. BiP and field-grown trees had fewest root defects and the greatest number of roots extending into the landscape soil.

scholarly journals Causes and Consequences of Deep Structural Roots in Urban Trees: From Nursery Production to Landscape Establishment

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Susan Day ◽  
Gary Watson ◽  
P. Eric Wiseman ◽  
J. Roger Harris
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Landscape Trees

Recent research has improved our understanding of how structural roots of landscape trees respond to being located abnormally deep in the soil profile. This condition is widespread among landscape trees and may originate during nursery production, at transplanting into the landscape, or when construction fill or sediment deposits bury root systems of established trees. Deep structural roots sometimes hinder successful establishment of trees, occasionally enhance establishment, and often have little or no effect on growth or survival. When trees respond to deep structural roots, effects are sometimes observed when root collars are as little as 7.5 cm (3 in) deep. In some cases, deep structural roots are implicated in girdling root formation, but research in this area is quite limited. This review describes scientific progress in our understanding of deep structural roots and encompasses their history, causes, and significance, as well as interdisciplinary efforts to address deep planting and tree response during establishment to deep structural roots. A theoretical model of short-term tree response to deep structural roots is presented that helps explain these conflicting outcomes and provides a decision framework for practitioners evaluating trees with deep structural roots.

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