scholarly journals Styrene-Lined and Copper-Coated Containers Affect Production of Cornus florida

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Brass ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Root Coverage ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract Response of dogwood cultivars (Cornus florida ‘Barton's White’ and ‘Weaver's White’) to styrene lining and copper hydroxide coating of 10.3 liter (#3) black plastic containers was evaluated in 1993 and 1994. After the first growing season, dogwoods were either left in their original containers or repotted into untreated 23.3 liter (#7) containers. Copper hydroxide reduced root circling of both cultivars in containers; however, root dry weight of plants grown in copper-treated containers was reduced during the first season. Copper-treated containers resulted in less growth in height when plants were left in their original container during the second growing season and less trunk diameter growth of plants repotted into 23.3 liter (#7) containers. In the absence of copper, more surface root coverage and less surface root dieback occurred with plants grown in styrene-lined containers. Both cultivars grown the second season in their original styrene-lined containers had greater height increase than those in unlined containers. After being repotted into 23.3 liter (#7) containers, both cultivars originally grown in styrene-lined containers had greater trunk diameter growth than those in unlined containers.

scholarly journals Styrene-lined and Copper-coated Containers Affect Production and Landscape Establishment of Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Brass ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Landscape Establishment

Growth response of two red maple cultivars (Acer rubrum L. `October Glory' and `Northwood') to styrene lining or copper hydroxide coating of 23.3-liter black plastic containers was evaluated. After the first growing season, plants were left in their original container, repotted into 51.2-liter nontreated containers, or transplanted into the landscape. Copper hydroxide effectively reduced circling of roots of both cultivars at the medium–container interface during the first year of production, but was less effective during the second growing season. Repotting from copper-treated containers into 51.2-liter containers or transplanting into the landscape resulted in more fibrous root development and enhanced root regeneration outside the original rootball relative to transplanting from nontreated containers. However, when copper hydroxide was applied to styrene lining, root regeneration after transplanting was reduced. Roots of plants grown in styrene-lined containers covered the medium–container interface more thoroughly than those in nonlined containers, but height, trunk diameter, and root regeneration were similar. `October Glory' had a larger trunk diameter, more branching, and better root regeneration than `Northwood'.

scholarly journals Container Size and Initial Trunk Diameter Effects Growth of Acer rubrum L. During Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine container size and liner (young bare root trees) trunk diameter effects on growth of Acer rubrum L. ‘Franksred’, Red Sunset™ red maple. In experiment 1, maples liners with initial mean trunk diameters of 12.2 mm (0.5 in), 15.9 mm (0.6 in), and 22.3 mm (0.9 in) were potted in 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) containers and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Height and trunk diameter growth at the end of each growing season were affected by both the initial liner trunk diameter and container size. During year 1, liners with an initial trunk diameter of 12.2 mm (0.5 in) increased 28 and 70% more in height growth compared to liners initially 15.9 mm (0.6 in) and 22.3 mm (0.9) in trunk diameter, respectively. Twenty three percent more height growth occurred with maples in 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. Trunk diameter growth increased 50% more with 12.2 mm (0.5 in) liners compared to 22.3 mm (0.9 in) liners. A 25% increase in trunk diameter growth occurred with liners potted in 56.8 liter (#15) compared to 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At the end of the second growing season, final tree size was similar with liners that were initially 12.2 mm (0.5 in) and 15.9 mm (0.6 in) liners in trunk diameter to those initially 22.3 mm (0.9 in) when potted into 37.8 liter (#10) and 56.8 liter (#15) containers. In experiment 2, maple liners with trunk diameters 17.5 mm (0.7 in), 20.5 mm (0.8 in), and 29.0 mm (1.1 in) were potted in container sizes 26.5 liter (#7), 37.8 liter (#10), and 56.8 liter (#15) and grown for 18 months (2 growing seasons). Liners grown in 56.8 liter (#15) containers had 92% more height growth and 48% more trunk diameter growth than with liners in 26.5 liter (#7) containers. At termination, the shoot dry weight was 41% larger with maples in 56.8 liter (#15) containers compared to those grown in 26.5 liter (#7) containers.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering of Three Garden Chrysanthemum Cultivars Produced in Plastic or Copper-Impregnated Fiber Containers

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Total Biomass ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Root Coverage ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract A study was conducted with three garden chrysanthemum cultivars (Dendranthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura), ‘Grenadine’, ‘Nicole’, and ‘Tolima’ to evaluate growth and flowering in 2.6 liter (#1) black plastic containers compared to copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) impregnated fiber containers. For all three cultivars, growth indices, shoot and root dry weights, and total biomass increased for plants grown in fiber containers. Total number of flower buds per plant increased 30 to 32% for ‘Grenadine’ and ‘Nicole’ and 53% for ‘Tolima’ in fiber containers. Plants grown in Cu(OH)2-impregnated fiber containers had less root coverage at the containensubstrate interface and no observable root circling in contrast to visible root circling of plants grown in black plastic containers. Foliar nutrient analysis on the cultivar ‘Grenadine’ showed that K decreased and Fe and Cu increased when grown in Cu(OH)2-impregnated fiber containers. No visible nutrient abnormalities were observed.

scholarly journals Growth of `Cunningham's White' Rhododendron in Plastic and Fiber Pots Treated With Copper Hydroxide

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Copper Treatment ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Growing Block ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Shoot and root growth responses of `Cunningham's White' rhododendron (Rhododendron x) was studied when grown in black plastic or molded fiber pots treated with copper hydroxide, or not treated. Containers of two sizes were studied, and the influence of pot type on substrate temperature was recorded. Rhododendron shoot height and dry weight was not influenced by pot volume, pot type, or copper treatment at 49, 131, or 362 d after potting. Rhododendron shoots were larger when grown in 3.8-L (trade 2-gal) pots compared to 2.8-L (trade 1-gal) pots, or when grown in 3.8-L fiber pots compared to 3.8-L plastic pots, both 131 and 362 d after potting. Copper treatment did not influence shoot size. Copper treatment reduced the amount of circling or matted roots at the container-substrate interface for both plastic and fiber pots, but there was better control of root growth in 3.8-L pots compared to 2.8-L pots. Substrate average minimum temperatures were warmer, and average maximum temperatures were cooler when pots were located near the center of the growing block compared to the southwest corner ofthe growing block. Substrate average maximum temperatures were cooler in fiber pots compared to plastic pots, but only when pots were located on the southwest corner of the growing block.

scholarly journals Copper Hydroxide Affects Root Distribution of Ilex cassine in Plastic Containers

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
E.F. Gilman ◽  
R.J. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Plastic Containers

The root : shoot ratio for Ilex cassine L. grown 7 months in copper-treated containers was less than in nontreated containers. There was less dry weight for roots <5 mm in diameter in copper-treated containers than in nontreated containers in the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Dry weight of roots >5 mm in diameter within the rootball were not affected by copper hydroxide treatment. Coating the interior of a plastic container with cupric hydroxide eliminated coarse roots (> 5 mm in diameter) and significantly reduced fine root weight from the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Fine roots inside the rootball did not replace fine roots lacking in the outer 1 cm.

scholarly journals Growth of Coreopis and Plumbago in Plastic and Cu(OH)2-Impregnated Fiber Containers

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-302
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Container Type

A study was conducted with Coreopsis verticillata L. `Moonbeam' and Plumbago auriculata Lam. to evaluate the growth of these perennial plants in 2.6-liter (#1) black plastic containers (BPCs) compared to plants grown in fiber containers with Cu(OH)2 (FCs+) impregnated into the container walls. Coreopsis root and shoot dry weight was unaffected by container type, whereas Plumbago root and shoot dry weight was greater (2.2× and 1.6×, respectively) for plants grown in FCs+ compared to BPCs. The root : shoot ratio of Plumbago increased 30% when plants were grown in FCs+ compared to BPCs. Root circling was effectively controlled for both species grown in the FCs+. FCs remained in salable condition for the duration of the study. In contrast to untreated FCs, FCs+ will have to be removed at transplanting to allow for normal root development.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering of Garden Chrysanthemums Produced in Plastic or Copper-impregnated Fiber Containers

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 606c-606
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Total Biomass ◽  
Root Coverage ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Medium Interface ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Plastic Containers

A study was conducted with Dendranthemum ×grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura garden chrysanthemum (`Grenadine', `Nicole', and `Tolima') to evaluate the growth and flowering of these plants grown in 2.6-L (no. 1) black plastic containers compared to plants grown in fiber containers with Cu(OH)2 impregnated into the container walls. For all three cultivars, growth indices, shoot and root dry weights, and total biomass increased for plants grown in fiber containers. Total number of flower buds per plant increased 30% to 32% for `Grenadine' and `Nicole' and 53% for `Tolima' grown in fiber containers. Plants grown in Cu(OH)2-impregnated fiber containers had less root coverage at the container:growing medium interface and no observable root circling in contrast to visible root circling on plants grown in black plastic containers. Foliar nutrient analysis on `Grenadine' showed that K decreased and Fe and Cu increased when grown in Cu(OH)2-impregnated fiber containers. No visible nutrient abnormalities were seen in this study.

scholarly journals Cabium Browning of Cold-damaged Peach Trees in the Nursery

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 851D-851
Author(s):  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams ◽  
J.C. Cummins ◽  
D.W. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One-year-old peach trees in nurseries at McMinnville, Tenn., were exposed to –11C on 5 Nov. 1991 before digging. The nursery owners were concerned about the relationship of tree cambium browning to potential tree performance after planting. A color scale [0 = nondamage (white) to 6 = severely damaged (brown)] showing discolored cambium of peach nursery trees was developed to rate damage. Browning was rated at 8 cm above graft union. Five trees each of nine cultivars with chill hour requirements ranging from 175 to 1050 were rated. Cultivars with <500 chill hour requirement had higher ratings. Ten `Harbite' trees from each of six size grades were rated. Trees in grades of 30- to 90-cm height had less cambium browning than trees in grades of 90 to 152 cm height. In Dec. 1992, 1-year-old `Red Globe' trees were exposed to –6 (minimum field temperature), –15, –18, –24, –30, or –35C in a programmable freezer. A subsample of five trees per treatment was rated for browning 1 day after treatment and a second subsample rated in mid February. Trees in a third subsample were grown in a nursery the following summer. Slight browning (rating = 1.6) was evident soon after exposure to –24C; however, severe browning was evident on trees exposed to –30 or –35C. Trees exposed to temperature more than –24C did not differ in height, trunk diameter, or dry weight at the end of the growing season, however trees exposed to –30 or –35C did differ. In a similar experiment, `Juneprince' trees exposed to –18C had slight cambium browning (rating = 1.2) but trees died.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spectral Light Management on Growth of Container-Grown Willow Oak, Nuttall Oak and Summer Red Maple

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Blue Shade ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Gray Shade

Plant response to blue, red, gray or black shade cloth was evaluated with willow oak (Quercus phellos L.), Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer, Nuttall) and Summer Red maple (Acer rubrum L. ‘Summer Red’) liners. Light transmitted through the colored shade cloth had no influence on germination of willow oak acorns or height and caliper growth following germination. Tree height, trunk diameter, number of internodes, shoot and root dry weight were generally greater with the species tested when exposed to red or gray shade cloth, but were often similar to plants exposed to blue or black shade. Height increase of willow oak with red shade was similar to plants exposed to blue or gray; however, the average number of internodes was similar with oaks exposed to blue shade and 16% less with oaks exposed to gray shade. Summer Red maples exposed to black, blue or red shade cloth were similar in height, though plants with blue shade had 23% less dry weight. Nuttall oaks exposed to gray shade had the greatest height increase while the plants exposed to red shade had the largest trunk diameter. The growth parameters measured showed some increases with exposure to colored shade, but the morphology of the species tested was not significantly altered to recommend the use of colored shade during production.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Arizona Ash Sequentially Produced in Copper-treated or Nontreated 0.21-, 2.5-, and 11.8-Liter Containers

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 651b-651
Author(s):  
Steven P. Obst ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Plastic Containers

Arizona ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.) seedlings were grown in 0.21-L plastic liner containers, half treated with 100 g Cu(OH)2/L latex carrier (formulated as Spin Out), and half nontreated. Seedlings were sequentially transplanted to larger containers, from liners to 2.5-L black plastic containers then to 11.8-L containers resulting in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial combination of container sizes and Cu-treatments (eight combinations with 30 replicates/treatment). Nursery conditions and production procedures were determined from regional nurseries using a modified Delphi technique. Growth responses (height, caliper, market grade) and costs of production were determined for each treatment combination through marketable size in 11.8-L containers. Significant interactions (P ≤ 0.05) among liner and 2.5-L container treatments occurred for end of season trunk diameter and market ratings. Those seedlings grown in both Cu-treated liners and 2.5-L containers tended to have larger calipers and market ratings than other treatment combinations. Growth increases were not realized when containers were treated at a single stage. Copper-treated containers resulted in a 17-second labor savings per container at transplant from 2.5- to 11.8-L containers. Labor requirements were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different among treatments at transplant from 0.21- to 2.5-L containers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document