scholarly journals Cabium Browning of Cold-damaged Peach Trees in the Nursery

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 851D-851
Author(s):  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams ◽  
J.C. Cummins ◽  
D.W. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One-year-old peach trees in nurseries at McMinnville, Tenn., were exposed to –11C on 5 Nov. 1991 before digging. The nursery owners were concerned about the relationship of tree cambium browning to potential tree performance after planting. A color scale [0 = nondamage (white) to 6 = severely damaged (brown)] showing discolored cambium of peach nursery trees was developed to rate damage. Browning was rated at 8 cm above graft union. Five trees each of nine cultivars with chill hour requirements ranging from 175 to 1050 were rated. Cultivars with <500 chill hour requirement had higher ratings. Ten `Harbite' trees from each of six size grades were rated. Trees in grades of 30- to 90-cm height had less cambium browning than trees in grades of 90 to 152 cm height. In Dec. 1992, 1-year-old `Red Globe' trees were exposed to –6 (minimum field temperature), –15, –18, –24, –30, or –35C in a programmable freezer. A subsample of five trees per treatment was rated for browning 1 day after treatment and a second subsample rated in mid February. Trees in a third subsample were grown in a nursery the following summer. Slight browning (rating = 1.6) was evident soon after exposure to –24C; however, severe browning was evident on trees exposed to –30 or –35C. Trees exposed to temperature more than –24C did not differ in height, trunk diameter, or dry weight at the end of the growing season, however trees exposed to –30 or –35C did differ. In a similar experiment, `Juneprince' trees exposed to –18C had slight cambium browning (rating = 1.2) but trees died.

Dresden commemorative meetings: Vladimir Scherbachev — Nikolay Medtner

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Р.Н. Слонимская
Keyword(s):  
Musical Culture ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Boris Godunov ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье рассматриваются взаимоотношения выдающихся музыкальных деятелей русской культуры Владимира Владимировича Щербачёва и Николая Карловича Метнера. Фактический материал анализируется на основе писем Щербачёва к жене, Марии Илларионовне, написанных в период командировки 1922-1923 годов в Пильниц под Дрезденом. В письмах раскрывается атмосфера музыкальной культуры Германии этого периода (в том числе постановка в Дрезденской опере Бориса Годунова Модеста Петровича Мусоргского). Подробно описывается процесс работы Щербачёва над партитурой монументального симфонического полотна Второй симфонии на стихи Александра Блока и приводится мнение Метнера о ней. Раскрываются музыкально-эстетические позиции Щербачёва и Метнера в отношении разных сторон техники сочинения, педагогики, исполнительского искусства. Одна из ключевых проблем сохранение традиции и радикальное новаторство, вызывавшее у Метнера весьма сложную реакцию. В целом, письма музыкантов дают возможность воссоздать живой и органичный облик двух композиторов разных творческих ориентаций, но искренне переживающих за музыкальное искусство. В конце статьи представлена роль Щербачёва в становлении ленинградской школы композиции. The article considers the relationship of outstanding music figures of the Russian culture VladimirV.Scherbachev and NikolayK.Medtner. The analyzed factual material is based on Scherbachevs letters to his wife Maria Illarionovna, written during a one-year trip to Pilnitz on the Elbe near Dresden 19221923. The letters reveal the atmosphere of musical culture of Germany of this period (including the production of Boris Godunov by Mussorgsky in the Dresden opera house). The author gives a detailed description of the process of Scherbachevs work on the score of the monumental symphonic canvas the Second Symphony on the poems by A.Blok, and Medtners opinion about it. In general, the letters of the two musicians give us an opportunity to recreate living and organic image of the two composers possessing different creative bearings, but sincerely worried about the music art.

scholarly journals IMMU-44. PRE-DIAGNOSTIC EOSINOPHIL LEVEL AND GLIOBLASTOMA DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ATOPIC DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii114-ii114
Author(s):  
Omar Bushara ◽  
Alexander Guzner ◽  
Kirsten Burdett ◽  
Patrick Murday ◽  
Matias Pollevick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and carries a very poor prognosis. Recent data report a negative association between the incidence of GBM and atopic disease. The underlying immunologic mechanisms of protection and the associated potential biomarkers are unclear. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the relationship of eosinophil count to GBM risk by collecting eosinophil count in GBM patients with and without existing atopic disease. METHODS This is a retrospective study of 790 patients diagnosed with GBM from 2009–2019. Of those patients, 140 had laboratory values at least one year prior to diagnosis. Chart review was used to exclude patients with lymphoma, leukemia, other cancers, myelodysplastic syndromes, and unconfirmed drug, food, and adhesive reactions. 14 patients with chart-confirmed allergic rhinitis, asthma, or eczema and 47 controls were found. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the two groups. RESULTS The two groups did not differ in pre-diagnostic eosinophil counts (p=0.426). The two groups also did not differ in pre-diagnostic basophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte counts. Pre-diagnostic eosinophil to lymphocyte, monocyte to lymphocyte, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios also did not differ between the two groups. There were no other quantitative differences that would suggest a difference in immune cell profile. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the subset of GBM patients with atopic disease did not significantly differ in eosinophil count or other white blood cell subtypes when compared to GBM patients without atopic disease. Given that atopic disease is a known protective factor, and our atopic patients with GBM had normal eosinophil counts, we conclude that underlying immunologic factors such as eosinophilia may be protective from GBM as opposed to simply the presence of atopic disease. Prospective analysis to best understand eosinophil count as a surrogate for GBM risk is warranted.

Population variation in Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, at the northern limits of its range

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
L. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Thirteen populations of Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, were sampled from fields in Ontario, Canada, and Ohio and New York, United States. Only four of these populations were reported to overwinter as rhizomes. The morphology, phenology, resource allocation patterns, and growth of seedling and mature plants of the overwintering and the non-overwintering populations were compared. Field-collected specimens from the nonoverwintering populations had wider culms and leaves and larger seeds and inflorescences. Analysis of material grown in a 5-month greenhouse trial indicated similar differences. Greenhouse plants from the nonoverwintering populations were also characterized by greater percent emergence, larger and faster growing seedlings, earlier flowering, larger culms and seeds, greater reproductive dry weight per plant, and about 1/10th the rhizome dry weight of overwintering plants. Differences between populations within a biotype were evident for both biotypes, although there was little within-population variation, except in rhizome production, where certain individuals of some nonoverwintering populations did not produce extended rhizomes. Among the five enzymes which were examined electrophoretically, only one, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), showed variable isozyme patterns. No differences in enzyme patterns were apparent between the overwintering and the nonoverwintering biotypes. The relationship of the nonoverwintering populations to the cultivated species, Sorghum bicolor and S. almum, an introgressant between S. halepense and S. bicolor, is discussed.

The growth of young peach trees following infection by the viruses of peach rosette and decline disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Peach Trees

The vegetative growth of young peach trees was reduced greatly in the growing season following a dual infection with Prunus necrotic ringspot and prune dwarf viruses which caused the disease known as 'peach rosette and decline'. Ninety-two days after bud burst, the dry weight and leaf area of cv. Elberta scions were reduced by c. 60% as a result of infection, while the reduction in cv. Golden Queen was about 93%. The latter cultivar thus appears to be the less tolerant of infection by this virus disease.

scholarly journals Budset and Growth of Eastern White Pine Following Application of 6-Benzylaminopurine to Seedlings Fertilized with Different Levels of Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Levels

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.

scholarly journals Temperature Affects Leaf Unfolding Rate and Flowering of Cyclamen

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Flower

The rate of leaf unfolding for Cyclamen persicum Mill. was determined at 8 to 24 °C. Temperature treatments started 9 weeks from seeding and after 8 weeks all plants were moved to 16 °C. The cultivars Miracle Salmon, Miracle Scarlet, and Miracle White produced leaves at a similar rate. The relationship of (leaves/d) = - 0.01727 - 0.02284 * °C + 0.005238 * (°C)2 - 0.000162 * (°C)3 (R2 = 0.99) best described the leaf unfolding rate in response to temperature. The maximum leaf unfolding rate was estimated to 0.329 leaves/day at 19.1 °C. Flower buds (2 mm diameter) developed within 60 days from the start of temperature treatments except at 8 °C. Thirty-five additional days at 16 °C were required for cyclamen initially grown at 8 °C for 8 weeks to produce flower buds. Despite similar conditions during bud development, flowering was delayed 14 to 18 days for plants initially grown at 24 °C compared to those grown at 12 to 20 °C. Plants initially at 8 °C did not flower within 70 days at 16 °C. Leaf and flower numbers at first open flower increased as initial temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C while dry weight and height only increased to 20 °C. No correlation between leaf unfolding and rate of flowering or flower number was detected. Recommendations for 20 °C during early cyclamen growth can be expected to support rapid rates of leaf unfolding and development, and large flower numbers.

scholarly journals Flooding Reduces Gas Exchange and Growth in Snap Bean

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat P. Singh ◽  
Kevin A. Tucker ◽  
James D. Sutton ◽  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Prior Stress

This study was conducted to determine the effect of various flooding durations on the growth, water relations, and photosynthesis of the snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Greenhouse-grown plants of cv. Blue Lake 274 were flooded for 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. Leaf water potential (ψ), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and net photosynthesis (Pn) were measured at the completion of the flooding period and after recovery for 7 days. Root, stem, and leaf dry weights were recorded after plants were allowed to recover from the flooding stress for 7 days. The values for ψ, gs, E, and Pn decreased quadratically with the increase in the duration of flooding. The Pn of plants flooded for 1 day was 17% lower than that of the control and it reached near zero in plants flooded for 7 days. The decrease in Pn after 1 day of flooding was not associated with ψ or gs; however, for longer duration of flooding, Pn decline coincided with the decline in gs. A week after the cessation of flooding, the level of recovery in ψ, E, and Pn was linear and that in gs quadratic to the duration of prior stress experienced by the plant. However, after recovering for 7 days, none of the flooded plants regained gas exchange activities at par with the control. The relationship of stem dry weight to duration of flooding was linear, while a quadratic model provided the best fit for the regression of root and leaf dry weight on the number of days of flooding. Overall, even 1 day of flooding reduces photosynthesis in snap bean and causes a decrease in dry weight of the plant. the extent of decrease in both increasing with the duration of flooding.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on the Flowering of `Delicious' Apple. I. Bud Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Hirst ◽  
David C Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
One Year ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Floral development was studied in buds of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple trees growing on B.9, M.26 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, P.18, and seedling rootstocks. In each of 3 years, buds were sampled from the previous years growth at intervals throughout the growing season and dissected to determine whether the apex was domed, indicating the start of floral development. Number of bud scales and true leaves increased during the early part of the growing season, but remained fairly constant beyond 70 days after full bloom. The type of rootstock did not affect the number of bud scales or transition leaves, and effects on true leaf numbers were small and inconsistent. Final bract number per floral bud was similarly unaffected by rootstock. The proportion of buds in which flowers were formed was influenced by rootstock in only one year of the study, which was characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall over the period of flower formation. Bracts were observed only in floral buds, and became visible after doming of bud apices had occurred. Flowers were formed during the first 20 days in August, regardless of rootstock or year. The appendage number of vegetative buds was constant from 70 days after full bloom until the end of the growing season, but the number of appendages in floral buds increased due to the continued production of bracts. The critical bud appendage number for `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' before flower formation was 20, and was stable among rootstocks and years. Buds with diameters above 3.1 mm were generally floral, but on this basis only 65% of buds could be correctly classified. Spur leaf number, spur leaf area, and spur leaf dry weight were not good predictors of floral formation within the spur bud.

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