Auxins and Water-Retaining Polymer Root Dips Affect Survival and Growth of Newly Transplanted Bare-Rooted European Beech and Silver Birch

Abstract The influence of two commercially available auxin products (IBA talc, IBA:NAA solution) in combination with a water-retaining polymer applied to the root system of two transplant-sensitive tree species, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under field conditions was investigated. The efficacy of the auxins on growth was quantified by recording root and shoot growth and survival rates at week 8 and 20 after bud break. Improvements in tree vitality were assessed by measurement of leaf photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content. Application of an IBA talc improved growth and vitality of beech but had little beneficial effects on birch. A combination of liquid IBA:NAA (50:1 dilution) and a water-retaining polymer at transplanting proved most effective for root regeneration, growth and tree vitality of both species compared to other treatments. Regardless of species, applications of a water-retaining polymer alone had no significant effect on tree survival rates or tree vitality. However, growth of birch was significantly reduced compared to controls indicating a detrimental effect of polymer application alone on this species. Results show that commercially available auxin products in combination with a water-retaining polymer can be used to reduce transplant losses and improve tree vitality and growth over a growing season in two difficult-to-transplant species. Selection of an appropriate auxin(s), however, is important as effects on growth and vitality can vary between tree species.

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Influence of Biostimulants and Water-Retaining Polymer Root Dips on Survival and Growth of Newly Transplanted Bare-Rooted Silver Birch and Rowan

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-24.3.173 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Sally Barnes ◽

Glynn C Percival

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Winter Period ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Tree Vitality ◽

Tree Survival ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Trade Names ◽

Polymer Application

Abstract The influence of five commercially available biostimulant products (Trade names; Generate, Resistim, Fulcrum CRV, Bioplex, Maxicrop) in combination with a water-retaining polymer applied to the root system of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) during the winter period under field conditions was investigated. The short and long-term efficacy of biostimulants on growth was quantified by assessing root and shoot vigor and survival rates at week 8 and 20 post bud break. Improvements in tree vitality were also assessed by measurement of leaf photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll fluorescence emissions and chlorophyll content. Significant effects of species, biostimulant and concentration were found on the majority of growth and tree vitality parameters measured. Only two of the biostimulants tested induced significant growth responses in both tree species. Regardless of species, applications of a water retaining polymer alone had no significant effect on tree survival rates or tree vitality. However, growth of birch was significantly reduced compared to controls indicating a detrimental effect of polymer application alone on this species. Results conclude that use of commercially available biostimulant product in combination with a water retaining polymer can be of use to reduce transplant losses and improve tree vitality and growth over a growing season in silver birch and rowan. Selection of an appropriate biostimulant(s), however, is important as effects on growth and vitality varied widely between species and concentration of biostimulant applied.

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Overstory treatment and planting season affect survival of replacement tree species in emerald ash borer threatened Fraxinus nigra forests in Minnesota, USA

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2015-0129 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1728-1738 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Christopher E. Looney ◽

Anthony W. D’Amato ◽

Brian J. Palik ◽

Robert A. Slesak

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Group Selection ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Species Selection ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Control Group ◽

High Survival ◽

Fraxinus Nigra ◽

Black Ash

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash) wetland forests in northern Minnesota, USA, are threatened by the invasive insect, emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB)). A potential management option is promoting regeneration of tree species that are not EAB hosts to maintain ecosystem functions. Using an operational-scale field experiment, we examined the survival of 12 alternative tree species in response to different canopy treatments. We planted the seedlings in 1.6 ha plots assigned to four replicated canopy treatments: untreated control, group selection (0.04 ha gaps, 20% of stand), black ash girdling to emulate EAB-induced mortality, and clearcut. Fall and spring plantings were used to compare the effects of spring ponding. Control (32.9%), group selection (34.5%), and girdling (33.3%) treatments had comparable overall seedling survival. Survival in the clear-cut treatments was significantly lower (22%). Species selection, overstory treatment, and season of planting together resulted in survival rates ranging from 0.08% to 94.1%. Conifer species had low overall rates of survival (10.7%), whereas some species with native ranges not presently overlapping with northern F. nigra forests, e.g., Quercus bicolor Willd. (75.5%), had high survival rates. If growth is light-limited, group selection may be effective in promoting recruitment and supporting a larger variety of species.

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Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 677

Author(s):

Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽

Peter Annighöfer

Keyword(s):

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Tree Species ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Light Availability ◽

European Beech ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Light Gradient ◽

Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

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Laminated Root Rot and Fumigant Injection Affect Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/22.3.220 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 220-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Constance A. Harrington ◽

Walter G. Thies

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Root Rot ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Height Growth ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Infection Level ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Tree Survival

Abstract Laminated root rot caused by Phellinus weirii is a significant disease of western conifers; it is important to understand the effects of the disease on tree growth and survival and, for some management objectives, to develop treatments that will reduce those effects. This study was conducted in a 47-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in northwest Oregon. First, we evaluated the effects of root system infection on diameter and height growth. Growth rates were lowest in trees with high infection levels; root infection level affected diameter growth more than height growth. Second, we evaluated the effects of fumigation treatments on tree growth. The nine treatments were as follows: three dosages of methylisothiocyanate (MITC), four dosages of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane), one dosage of Vorlex [20% MITC, 80% chlorinated C3 hydrocarbons (v/v)], and a control. The fumigants were applied by inserting them into holes drilled into the base of live trees. After nine growing seasons, all three of the treatments applying different dosages of MITC and the treatment applying the lowest dosage of chloropicrin had higher tree survival rates than the untreated control, and the growth rates in those four fumigation treatments were not significantly different from growth in the surviving control trees.

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Early Survival and Growth Plasticity of 33 Species Planted in 38 Arboreta across the European Atlantic Area

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9100630 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 630 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henrique Correia ◽

Helena Almeida ◽

Manuela Branco ◽

Margarida Tomé ◽

Rebeca Cordero Montoya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Thuja Plicata ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Tree Survival ◽

Conifer Tree ◽

Dryness Index ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Ceratonia Siliqua L

To anticipate European climate scenarios for the end of the century, we explored the climate gradient within the REINFFORCE (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l’adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE) arboreta network, established in 38 sites between latitudes 37° and 57°, where 33 tree species are represented. We aim to determine which climatic variables best explain their survival and growth, and identify those species that are more tolerant of climate variation and those of which the growth and survival future climate might constrain. We used empirical models to determine the best climatic predictor variables that explain tree survival and growth. Precipitation-transfer distance was most important for the survival of broadleaved species, whereas growing-season-degree days best explained conifer-tree survival. Growth (annual height increment) was mainly explained by a derived annual dryness index (ADI) for both conifers and broadleaved trees. Species that showed the greatest variation in survival and growth in response to climatic variation included Betula pendula Roth, Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, and those that were least affected included Quercus shumardii Buckland and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold. We also demonstrated that provenance differences were significant for Pinus pinea L., Quercus robur L., and Ceratonia siliqua L. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of infrastructures along a climatic gradient like REINFFORCE to determine major tendencies of tree species responding to climate changes.

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Quantification of damage and initial growth of eucalyptus in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

10.21203/rs.3.rs-305410/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Demerson Luiz de Almeida Barbosa ◽

Ângelo Márcio Pinto Leite ◽

Márcio Leles Romarco de Oliveira ◽

Daniela Aparecida Freitas ◽

Betânia Guedes Souza e Brito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Tree Species ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Production Model ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Rainfall Distribution ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract Background The integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) system is a sustainable production model composed by tree species intercropped with annual crops and forage species. The choice of the tree species that will compose the ICLF is characterized as a fundamental requirement in the adoption of the system. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the initial growth and adaptation of two eucalyptus genotypes cultivated in ICLF systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Methods The eucalyptus genotypes (E. cloeziana and E. urograndis) were intercropped with Sorghum bicolor and Urochloa brizantha in two ICLF systems in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Qualitative data expressed by occurrences of damage and weaknesses, as well as quantitative data measured by survival rates, diameter at soil height, diameter at breast height, and total height of trees were evaluated in four periods. The data were analyzed by a correlation matrix and analysis of variance, and them qualitative and quantitative data to were analyzed in relation to the rainfall distribution during the studied period. Results The occurrence of Trigona spinipes and termite were the main biotic factors that caused damage and weaknesses to E. cloeziana and E. urograndis, respectively, directly impacting the initial growth and survival rate of eucalyptus.. The growth of E. urograndis was higher than E. cloeziana at 450, 630, 1020, and 1320 days after transplanting. On the other hand, E. cloeziana showed the highest survival rate (80.6%) while E. urograndis presented greater tolerance to the water stress. Conclusion The hibrid E. urograndis proved to be more adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions studied in the Cerrado region and can be indicated to ICLF systems implanted in regions characterized by high temperatures and irregular rainfall distribution.

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EPEN-24. SIOP EPENDYMOMA II: CENTRAL EPENDYMOMA MANAGEMENT ADVISORY GROUP – THE UK EXPERIENCE

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii312-iii312

Author(s):

Donald C Macarthur ◽

Conor Mallucci ◽

Ian Kamaly-Asl ◽

John Goodden ◽

Lisa C D Storer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Target Volume ◽

Advisory Group ◽

Subtotal Resection ◽

Str Analysis ◽

Oncological Treatment ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Pathological Review ◽

The Uk

Abstract Paediatric Ependymoma is the second most common malignant brain tumour of childhood with approximately 50% of cases recurring. It has been described as a “surgical” disease since patients who have undergone a gross total surgical resection (GTR) have a better prognosis than those who have a subtotal resection (STR). Analysis of the UKCCSG/SIOP 1992 04 clinical trial has shown that only 49% of cases had a GTR, with 5-year survival rates for STR of 22–47% and GTR of 67–80%. As part of the SIOP II Ependymoma trial the UK established a panel of experts in the treatment of Ependymoma from Neuro-oncology, Neuro-radiology and Neuro-surgery. Meeting weekly, cases are discussed to provide a consensus on radiological review, ensuring central pathological review, trial stratification and whether further surgery should be advocated on any particular case. Evaluation of the first 68 UK patients has shown a GTR in 47/68 (69%) of patients and STR in 21/68 (31%) of patients. Following discussion at EMAG it was felt that 9/21 (43%) STR patients could be offered early second look surgery. Following this 2nd look surgery the number of cases with a GTR increased to 56/68 (82%). There has been a clear increase in the number of patients for whom a GTR has been achieved following discussion at EMAG and prior to them moving forwards with their oncological treatment. This can only have beneficial effects in decreasing their risk of tumour recurrence or CSF dissemination and also in reducing the target volume for radiotherapy.

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Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00330-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marco Diers ◽

Robert Weigel ◽

Heike Culmsee ◽

Christoph Leuschner

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Species ◽

European Beech ◽

Organic Layer ◽

Species Identity ◽

Data Set ◽

Nutrient Pools ◽

Total N ◽

Precipitation Regimes ◽

Pine Stands

Abstract Background Organic carbon stored in forest soils (SOC) represents an important element of the global C cycle. It is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity, but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity, while stocking on similar substrate, is scarce. Methods We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium) in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient (560–820 mm∙yr− 1) in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species, forest history, climate, and soil pH on SOC and nutrient pools. Results While the organic layer stored on average about 80% more C under pine than beech, the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile (organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm) were greater under pine by about 40% and 20%, respectively. This contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands, indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy soils. The pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under beech. Neither precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool, whereas tree species was a key driver. An extended data set (which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil) revealed that, besides tree species identity, forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these stands. Conclusion We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients, which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories, thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes.

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