scholarly journals Quantification of damage and initial growth of eucalyptus in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demerson Luiz de Almeida Barbosa ◽  
Ângelo Márcio Pinto Leite ◽  
Márcio Leles Romarco de Oliveira ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Freitas ◽  
Betânia Guedes Souza e Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract Background The integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) system is a sustainable production model composed by tree species intercropped with annual crops and forage species. The choice of the tree species that will compose the ICLF is characterized as a fundamental requirement in the adoption of the system. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the initial growth and adaptation of two eucalyptus genotypes cultivated in ICLF systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Methods The eucalyptus genotypes (E. cloeziana and E. urograndis) were intercropped with Sorghum bicolor and Urochloa brizantha in two ICLF systems in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Qualitative data expressed by occurrences of damage and weaknesses, as well as quantitative data measured by survival rates, diameter at soil height, diameter at breast height, and total height of trees were evaluated in four periods. The data were analyzed by a correlation matrix and analysis of variance, and them qualitative and quantitative data to were analyzed in relation to the rainfall distribution during the studied period. Results The occurrence of Trigona spinipes and termite were the main biotic factors that caused damage and weaknesses to E. cloeziana and E. urograndis, respectively, directly impacting the initial growth and survival rate of eucalyptus.. The growth of E. urograndis was higher than E. cloeziana at 450, 630, 1020, and 1320 days after transplanting. On the other hand, E. cloeziana showed the highest survival rate (80.6%) while E. urograndis presented greater tolerance to the water stress. Conclusion The hibrid E. urograndis proved to be more adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions studied in the Cerrado region and can be indicated to ICLF systems implanted in regions characterized by high temperatures and irregular rainfall distribution.

scholarly journals Effect of Hardness in 3 ppt of Water Salinity on growth and survival rates of Barb Fish (Barbus conhonius Hamilton-Buchanan)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
R. Wulandari ◽  
D. Djokosetiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival

<p>This study was conducted to determine the effect of hardness on growth and survival rate of barb fish (<em>Barbus conchonius</em> Hamilton-Buchanan) reared in the 3 ppt of water salinity.  Fish were reared in three different hardnesses, i.e., 54, 72,<sub> </sub>and 90 mg/L CaCO<sub>3 </sub>for 30 days.  The results of study showed that fish reared in water hardness of 72 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub> had higher daily growth rate (1.15%) compared with other treatments.  Daily growth rate of fish reared in water hardness of 54 and 90 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub> were 0.76 and 0.37%, respectively.  There was no effect of hardness on survival rate of barb fish.</p> <p>Keywords: barb fish, <em>Barbus conchonius</em>,  hardness, salinity</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesadahan yang berbeda terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan barbir (<em>Barbus conchonius</em> Hamilton-Buchanan) yang dipelihara <a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1">pada air bersalinitas 3 ppt.  </a>Ikan dipelihara dalam 3 tingkat kesadahan yang berbeda, yaitu 54 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub>, 72 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub>,<sub> </sub>dan 90 mg/L CaCO<sub>3 </sub>selama 30 hari.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju perumbuhan harian tertinggi diperoleh pada ikan yang dipelihara pada kesadahan 72 mg/L CaCO<sub>3 </sub>(1,15%) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Laju pertumbuhan harian ikan yang dipelihara pada kesadahan 54 dan  90 mg/L CaCO<sub>3</sub> masing-masing mencapai 0,76% dan 0,37%.  Kelangsungan hidup ikan barb tidak dipengaruhi oleh kesadahan.</p> <p>Kata kunci: ikan barbir, <em>Barbus conchonius</em>, kesadahan, salinitas</p>

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FEED ON THE SURVIVAL RATE, GROWTH RATE AND METAMORPHOSIS TIME OF THE WHITE LEG SHRIMP LARVAE (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) AT ZOEA STAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4A) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Cong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Study Results

The larvae of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) at phase nauplii 6 fed with a stocking density of 150 pcs per litre and 3 formula including formula 1 with dry microalgae Spirulina + artemia as main ingredients, formula 2 with microalgae Thalasiosira weissflogii + artemia as main ingredients and formula 3 with microalgae Thalasiosira pseudonana + artemia as main ingredients. Experiments were carried out in 18 tanks fifty-litre composite at Quang Binh branch of C.P Vietnam Corporation. The study results show that, with formula 3, white leg shrimps larvae at zoea stage have the highest growth and survival rates (86.57 %), followed by formula 2 (76.03 %) and finally formula 1 (67.90 %). White leg shrimps larvae at zoea stage in formula 3 have the shortest metamorphosis time (78.61 hours), followed by formula 2 (83.25 hours) and the longest in formula 1 (94.10 hours).

Movement, Growth, and Survival in a Stream Population of Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) During a Period of Removal of Non-Trout Species

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Flick ◽  
Dwight A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Adirondack Mountain

No well-defined changes in growth and survival rates of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were detected during a 13-yr period when non-trout species were removed from a small Adirondack Mountain stream using fixed traps located throughout the system. The catch of non-trout species was about 124,000 weighing 2000 kg, and of trout, 13,000, weighing 500 kg. Slow growth characterized the population through this time, with mean lengths of 13.2, 17.3, and 21.3 cm at ages I+, II+, and III+, respectively. The weighted annual survival rate for ages II–V was 18%, with most deaths due to natural causes. The most striking observation was virtual cessation of movement of both trout and non-trout species after 7 yr, suggesting that the removal program had an effect on population behavior, even if it was not reflected in an improvement in trout growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium Diformate Addition to Feed on Growth and Survival Rates of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ayi Yustiati ◽  
Mahmud Sa’id ◽  
. Junianto ◽  
Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival

This research aimed to determine the optimal dosage of potassium diformate addition to commercial feed in order to increase the growth and survival rate of common carp seeds. The method used in this research was experimental in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used were A (control), B with addition of potassium diformate (0.2%), C (0.3%), D (0.4%), and E (0.5%). For test fish, there were 200 of Common carp seeds with a size of 2-3 cm. The media used was 20 aquariums with a size of 40x30x40 cm3 and a stocking density of 10 individuals/aquarium. The rearing period was 35 days and the amount of feed given was 3% of the fish body weight. The parameters observed included water quality (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) which were observed every 7 days for 35 days. Other parameters  monitored were daily growth rate, survival rate, feed efficiency, and the acidity level of the intestine. The results showed that 0.3% addition of potassium diformate gave the best results with a daily growth rate value of 3.21%, highest survival of 98%, efficiency of feed utilization of 64.83%, and a decrease in intestinal pH which helped the process of protein absorption in the fish body. In conclution, the addition of potassium diformate has good effect on growth and survival rates of common carp.

scholarly journals Auxins and Water-Retaining Polymer Root Dips Affect Survival and Growth of Newly Transplanted Bare-Rooted European Beech and Silver Birch

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
G.C. Percival ◽  
S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Tree Survival

Abstract The influence of two commercially available auxin products (IBA talc, IBA:NAA solution) in combination with a water-retaining polymer applied to the root system of two transplant-sensitive tree species, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under field conditions was investigated. The efficacy of the auxins on growth was quantified by recording root and shoot growth and survival rates at week 8 and 20 after bud break. Improvements in tree vitality were assessed by measurement of leaf photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content. Application of an IBA talc improved growth and vitality of beech but had little beneficial effects on birch. A combination of liquid IBA:NAA (50:1 dilution) and a water-retaining polymer at transplanting proved most effective for root regeneration, growth and tree vitality of both species compared to other treatments. Regardless of species, applications of a water-retaining polymer alone had no significant effect on tree survival rates or tree vitality. However, growth of birch was significantly reduced compared to controls indicating a detrimental effect of polymer application alone on this species. Results show that commercially available auxin products in combination with a water-retaining polymer can be used to reduce transplant losses and improve tree vitality and growth over a growing season in two difficult-to-transplant species. Selection of an appropriate auxin(s), however, is important as effects on growth and vitality can vary between tree species.

scholarly journals Effect of Thyroxine Hormone Administration in Female Broodstock on Metamorphosis and Survival Rates of Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata, BLKR.) Larva

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
. Hermawan ◽  
M. Zairin Junior ◽  
M.M. Raswin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Hormone Injection ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Yolk Volume

<p>The experiment was conducted to study the effect of thyroxine hormone injection on female marble goby on metamorphosis and survival rate of their larva. Thyroxine hormone was injected into female at the dosage of 0,25 and 50 µg/g body weight. And then the female were reared with males in spawning tanks. Spawned eggs were hatched and the larva was observed for organogenesis, yolk absorption and growth in length. Formation of eye spot, swim bladder and body pigment becoming faster as the increase in thyroxine hormone dose. Yolk volume in larva that was obtained form thyroxine injected female decreased faster than those of control. Thyroxine hormone did not affected length growth and survival rate</p> <p>Key words: Marble goby, broodstock, thyroxine, metamorphosis, survival rate, larva</p>

scholarly journals Influence of the size and form of Artemia sp. nauplii on the growth and survival of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill) larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Iwona Piotrowska ◽  
Bożena Szczepkowska ◽  
Michał Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the size and form of Artemia sp. feed on the rearing indices of Atlantic sturgeon larvae. In the experiment, the nauplius sizes used were 480 µm (group AD), 430 µm (group AM), and 430 µm frozen nauplii (group AI). After three weeks of rearing, the sturgeon from group AD had the highest mean body weight of 0.131 g that was statistically significantly different from groups AM (0.071 g) and AI (0.033 g). The longest total length was noted in group AD (2.8 cm) and was statistically different from the others (P ≤ 0.05). Specific growth rate in groups AD and AM was 14.7 and 11.8% d−1, respectively, and these values differed statistically from those in group AI at 7.8% d−1. The highest survival rate was recorded in group AD at 60.6%, while the lowest was noted in group AI at 15.6%, and the differences between these two groups were statistically significant. The results of the experiment indicated that a feed of live 480 µm Artemia sp. nauplius significantly accelerated the growth rates and increased the survival rates of Atlantic sturgeon larvae.

Effects of rhizome and root trimming on the growth and survival of Phyllospadix iwatensis transplants: a case study in Shandong Peninsula, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hou ◽  
Ran Cheng ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Chongfeng Zhong ◽  
Pei-dong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Shandong Peninsula ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Transplant Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
East End ◽  
Transplant Candidates ◽  
Phyllospadix Iwatensis

Abstract Surfgrass Phyllospadix iwatensis has been declining in the past decades. Transplantation is considered to be the best option to restore the degraded surfgrass beds due to its low seed production. To develop a surfgrass transplanting strategy to increase transplant survival rate and also to minimize damage to donor beds when harvesting transplants, an experiment was conducted to assess the effects of rhizome and root trimming on transplant survival and growth. P. iwatensis shoots with different rhizome and root trimming treatments were planted in a subtidal area in Mashanli at the east end of Shandong Peninsula, China in September 2018, and after the transplantation, a bi-monthly sampling had been conducted for one year. The results showed that, at the early stage of transplantation, the transplant survival rates of all four treatment groups decreased to the lowest at four months after transplantation, and then gradually increased until reaching at least 103.2% in all the treatment groups at the end of the experiment, and the transplants with roots on both short and long rhizomes had a significantly higher survival rate than those without roots. The results also showed that, although the morphological measurements, as well as the above- and below-ground productivity varied greatly with time and among different treatments during the study period, most of them showed no significant differences between treatments at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that surfgrass shoots with roots and a short rhizome are the most strongly recommended transplant candidates, and those with a short rhizome without roots are also good candidates, which might help make full use of harvested plants, optimize transplant harvesting strategies, and hence minimize damage to donor meadows.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL GINGER (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) ON FEED ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL LEVEL OF GOLDFISH (Cyprinus Carpio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Nining Syafirah ◽  
Muhammad Marzuki ◽  
Baiq Hilda Astriana
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth And Survival

Goldfish is one of the most popular freshwater cultivated fish because it is one of the freshwater commodities that has economic value and is sold at a price that is affordable to all groups. Ginger is a natural ingredient that can stimulate fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding ginger to feed and to determine a good dose of ginger for growth and survival rates of carp (Cyprinus carpio). This research was conducted by experimental method using completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments given were Treatment 1: 0 grams, without adding ginger / kg of feed (control), Treatment 2: 2.5 grams of ginger / kg of feed, Treatment 3: 5 grams of ginger rhizome / kg of feed, Treatment 4: 7.5 grams of ginger / kg of feed, Treatment 5: 10 grams of ginger / kg of feed. The results showed that the addition of ginger had no significant effect on absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency, but had a significant effect on the survival rate of goldfish (cyprinus corpio). And a good dose of ginger is in P2 treatment with a dose of 2.5 grams of ginger, because it has been able to show a good survival rate of 100%.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEPADATAN TERHADAP SINTASAN, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN GAMBARAN DARAH BENIH IKAN BETUTU Oxyeleotris marmorata

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Tri Heru Prihadi ◽  
Adang Saputra ◽  
Gleni Hasan Huwoyon ◽  
Brata Pantjara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Growth And Survival

Ikan betutu Oxyeleotris marmorata merupakan ikan lokal potensial menjadi komoditas budidaya. Performa pertumbuhan dan sintasan dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengoptimalkan padat tebar. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan padat tebar yang menghasilkan sintasan dan pertumbuhan tinggi, serta respons fisiologis terbaik. Kolam yang digunakan berukuran 2 m x 1 m x 1 m dan diisi air 1 m3. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah kepadatan 50 ekor/m3, 100 ekor/m3, dan 150 ekor/m3. Ukuran benih yang digunakan 4,24 ± 0,58 cm dengan bobot 2,74 ± 0,45 g. Selama 60 hari masa pemeliharaan, pakan yang diberikan adalah cacing sutra Tubifex sp. secara sekenyangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sintasan benih ikan betutu yang dipelihara pada berbagai padat tebar tidak berbeda secara nyata, pertumbuhan spesifik panjang (1,50 ± 0,37%/hari) dan bobot total benih ikan betutu (1,95 ± 0,32%/hari) tertinggi, dan perubah respons fisiologis berupa gambaran darah paling stabil dicapai pada padat tebar 50 ekor/m3, serta biomassa tertinggi dicapai pada kepadatan 150/m3. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan informasi dasar untuk melakukan pendederan ikan betutu secara terkontrol.Sand goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata is a potential fish species for aquaculture in Indonesia. However, the growth performance and survival rate of the fish seed are still low. Such challenges could be solved through the optimization of stocking density of the fish. The research objective was to determine the optimal stocking density to produce high growth and survival rate, as well as the best physiological response. The ponds used in this experiment were 2 m x 1 m x 1 m in size (water volume: 1 m3). The stocking density treatments were 50, 100, and 150 individual/m3. The initial fish length average was 4.24 ± 0.58 cm, with the initial body weight average of 2.74 ± 0.45 g. During 60 days of rearing period, the fish were fed with Tubifex sp. ad libitum. The results showed that the survival rates on different stocking densities were not significantly different. The highest specific growth on length (1.50 ± 0.37%/day) and body weight total (1.95 ± 0.32%/day) and the most stable physiological response related to its hematological parameters were achieved by seed stocked at 50 individuals/m3. The best biomass total was achieved by seed stocked at 150 individuals/m3. The result of this study could be applied as basic information to culture sand goby in a controlled environment.

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