Growth of Perennials and Leaching of Heavy Metals in Media Amended with a Municipal Leaf, Sewage Sludge and Street Sand Compost

Abstract Municipal leaves, sewage sludge, and street sand were composted by a modified Beltsville aerated pile technique. Rooted cuttings of Aster novi-belgii L. ‘Peter Harrison,’ Gaura Lindheimeri Engelm. & A. Gray and Sedum purpurem (L.) Link ‘Autumn Joy’ were grown for 4 months in 2 1 (2 qt) containers filled with media containing 0, 10, 30, 60, 80 and 100 (percent by vol) compost. The medium with 0% compost contained loamy sand topsoil, peat, sand and Styrofoam pellets (1:5:2:2 by vol). The pH of all media was between 6.0 and 7.0. Half the containers in each treatment received liquid fertilization in mid-season and half did not. Leachate from the containers was collected at monthly intervals and analyzed for the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn to determine their potential for leaching. Growth of perennials was equal or greater in all media containing compost, compared to the medium containing no compost. Liquid fertilizer further improved growth. Adding compost increased media aeration, available plant nutrients and heavy metals and decreased moisture retention and bulk density. Heavy metal concentrations in leachate were low, probably due to the near neutral media pH, and not likely to pose an environmental risk.

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Biomass yields of shoots and roots of plants cultivated in soil amended by vermicomposts based on tannery sludge and content of heavy metals in plant tissues

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4144-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 402-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Gondek ◽

B. Filipek-Mazur

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Tannery Sludge ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Manure Treatment

Sewage sludge application in agriculture is the simplest method of its management. Its content of organic and inorganic toxic components is a barrier to such management. Particular attention should be paid to the content of heavy metals whose presence in sewage sludge and later in soil poses hazard for plants, animals and people. The investigations aimed to determine the effect of vermicomposts obtained from tannery sludge on development of the root system and biomass of shoots as well as heavy metal concentrations in these organs. In the first year after the vermicomposts application their effect on the maize biomass increase was equal to the farmyard manure treatment but significantly worse than the mineral fertilization. The consecutive fertilizer effect of vermicomposts of tannery sludge ted on the increase in biomass of the shoots and roots of winter rape, sunflower and oats was comparable with the farmyard manure effect but notably better than the mineral fertilization. Heavy metal concentrations in individual plants were diversified; in the plants from vermicompost treatment they were as a rule lower than in the plants from mineral or farmyard manure treatment. Absorbed heavy metals accumulated primarily in the root systems, whereas the extremely high chromium content in vermicomposts did not cause its excessive accumulation in the cultivated plants.

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The effect of biosolids on cereals in central New South Wales, Australia. 2. Soil levels and plant uptake of heavy metals and pesticides

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea03100 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 445 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. L. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Plant Material ◽

New South ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

South Wales ◽

Sludge Cake ◽

Dewatered Sewage Sludge

Two forms of biosolids, with and without lime, were applied to acid soils at 2 sites growing wheat and triticale in central New South Wales. The forms of biosolids used were dewatered sewage sludge cake, and N-Viro Soil which is a lime-amended sewage sludge. Dewatered sewage sludge cake was applied at rates of 0, 6, 12 and 24 dry Mg/ha, and N-Viro soil at 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dry Mg/ha. The soil was sampled and analysed at 2 points in time to determine the effect of the biosolids on heavy metal concentrations. Vegetative plant material and grain were also analysed for heavy metal and organo-chlorine pesticide levels. Zinc and copper concentrations increased significantly with the addition of biosolids, especially with the highest rates of dewatered sewage sludge cake. However, all soil heavy metals were below the maximum allowable soil contaminant concentrations set by Environment Protection Authority, NSW. Cereal species, the addition of lime, and biosolids each affected heavy metal concentrations in plant material, but the responses differed between sites. Also, the changes in heavy metal concentrations in plant material were smaller and less consistent than the changes in soil heavy metal concentrations. The maximum heavy metal concentrations in grain were all below the maximum permitted concentrations of Food Standards Australia New Zealand. There were no detectable changes in the levels of organo-chlorine pesticides in the grain.

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Effect of sewage sludge biochar on tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6953 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Evan Diamadopoulos ◽

Paraskevi Velli ◽

Ioanna Manolikaki

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Permissible Levels

The present study refers to biochar production, its application to soil with or without combining it with compost, as well as its effect on tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) cultivation. The feedstock selected for biochar production was a mixture of primary and secondary sewage sludge, which had previously been anaerobically digested and thermally dehydrated. Sewage sludge pyrolysis was conducted at 300 &#176;C. The produced biochar was initially characterized and subsequently applied to soil, in order to study its effect on Solanum Lycopersicum L. cultivation. Pot trials which included four treatments, each comprising of three replicates, were carried out during a period of three months, using pots with a 10 kg capacity. More specifically, the following treatments were studied: i) Control (soil without biochar addition), ii) soil with biochar at a rate of 2% w/w (BC-SS), iii) soil with compost at a rate of 2% w/w (Compost), and iv) soil with a mixture of biochar and compost at a total rate of 2% w/w (BC-SS+Compost). The aim of the study was to examine whether sewage sludge biochar with or without compost affects: a) the dry weight and morphological characteristics of the plant, b) the concentrations of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals in aboveground and belowground plant tissues, c) soil properties, including nutrients and heavy metals.With biochar application a number of soil properties exhibited substantial improvement. Specifically, significant increases were noticed for TOC (67% - 85% increase), NO3&#8211;N (55% increase) and &#925;&#919;4&#8211;&#925; (145% increase). Moreover, biochar with or without compost, substantially improved plant growth (25% &#8211; 34% increase in the first 40 days), and led to a significant increase of the dry weight of aboveground and belowground plant tissues. Heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues were quite low. Specifically, traces of Cr, Ni and Co were found only in plant roots, while Si was present in plant roots and stems. As, Mo and Pb were present in all plant tissues, albeit without exceeding the permissible levels established for vegetables. Finally, no traces of Hg, Se and Cd were found in any of the tissues.Generally, sewage sludge biochar addition to soil, with or without compost, improved soil characteristics and increased plant yield. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations within permissible levels do not raise any concerns regarding safe consumption of tomato fruits.&#160;

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Heavy metals accumulation in freshwater mussels (Lamellidens marginalis) as a biological monitor inhabiting in Dhanmondi Lake, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4933

Author(s):

Sabia Sultana ◽

A. K. M. Nur Alam Siddiki ◽

Md. Rokonujjaman ◽

M. Niamul Naser ◽

Abdus Salam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Freshwater Mussels ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽

Manganese Zinc ◽

Metals Accumulation ◽

Test Level

The heavy metal concentration (e.g., Mn, Zn, Pb and Ni) were determined in soft tissues and shells of freshwater mussels (Lamellidens marginalis) at the various sites of Dhanmondi lake, Dhaka, Bangladesh between the period April, 2010 and March 2011. The heavy metal concentrations in shells and soft tissues of freshwater mussels were tended to vary significantly among sampling points and seasons in Dhanmondi Lake. Distribution of heavy metals in shell and soft tissue of Lamellidens marginalis followed the order Mn>Zn>Pb>Ni, respectively. According to the t-test, level of manganese, zinc and lead under investigation between shell and tissue showed statistically significant differences [Mn: t=-11.387; df=16; P=0.000; Zn: t=-2.590; df=16; P=0.020 and Pb: t=-2.8679; df=16; P=0.011].

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Inhibition of methanogenesis in pure cultures by ammonia, fatty acids, and heavy metals, and protection against heavy metal toxicity by sewage sludge

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-093 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 551-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Ken F. Jarrell ◽

Michelle Saulnier ◽

Art Ley

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽

Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽

Methanospirillum Hungatei ◽

Nickel Zinc ◽

Pure Cultures

The effect of ammonium chloride, sodium butyrate, sodium propionate, and the heavy metals nickel, zinc, and copper on methanogenesis by pure cultures of Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and Methanobacterium formicicum at pH 6.5 was studied. The latter three strains were resistant to > 60 g/L of the volatile fatty acids and to > 10 g/L of NH3 N. Methanospirillum hungatei was somewhat more sensitive with 50% inhibition of methanogenesis occurring at 4.2 g/L NH3 N, 27 g/L butyrate, and 41 g/L propionate. All strains were very sensitive to both copper (1–5 mg/L) and zinc (1–10 mg/L), but much more resistant to nickel. Zinc and copper concentrations 30 to 270 times higher were required to cause inhibition of Msp. hungatei incubated in sewage sludge compared with buffer, indicating a strong protective environment was afforded the methanogens against heavy metal toxicity in the sludge.

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Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.5731 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 285-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. MÄNTYLAHTI ◽

P. LAAKSO

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Limit Values ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Target Values

Increasing concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in agricultural soils are becoming a growing problem in industrialized countries. These harmful elements represent the basis of a range of problems in the food chain, and are a potential hazard for animal and human health. It is therefore important to gauge their absolute and relative concentrations in soils that are used for crop production. In this study the arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in 274 mineral soil samples and 38 organogenic soil samples taken from South Savo province in 2000 were determined using the aqua regia extraction technique. The soil samples were collected from 23 farms.The elements analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The median concentrations in the mineral soils were:As 2.90 mg kg 1, Cd 0.084 mg kg 1, Cr 17.0 mg kg 1, Cu 13.0 mg kg 1, Hg 0.060 mg kg 1, Ni 5.4 mg kg 1, Pb 7.7 mg kg 1, Zn 36.5 mg kg 1. The corresponding values in the organogenic soils were:As 2.80 mg kg 1, Cd 0.265 mg kg 1, Cr 15.0 mg kg 1, Cu 29.0 mg kg 1, Hg 0.200 mg kg 1, Ni 5.9 mg kg 1, Pb 11.0 mg kg 1, Zn 25.5 mg kg 1. The results indicated that cadmium and mercury concentrations in the mineral and organogenic soils differed. Some of the arsenic, cadmium and mercury concentrations exceeded the normative values but did not exceed limit values. Most of the agricultural fields in South Savo province contained only small amounts of arsenic and heavy metals and could be classified as Clean Soil. A draft for the target values of arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in Clean Soil is presented.;

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The Effect of Heavy Metal Pollutants on Bioluminescence Intensity of Luminous Mushrooms (Nenothopanus sp)

EKSAKTA Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA ◽

10.24036/eksakta/vol21-iss2/235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 98-109

Author(s):

Witriani Marvinatur Ihsan ◽

Ratnawulan Ratnawulan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Maximum Intensity ◽

Coastal Forest ◽

Metal Pollutants ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Measurement Results ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Heavy Metal Pollutants

In the South Coastal Forest area, West Sumatra, a luminous mushroom with the species Neonothopanus Sp. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing the effect of heavy metals on the bioluminescence reaction of luminous mushrooms. Starting from the effect of heavy metal concentrations on the intensity and inhibition coefficient of luminous mushroom biolumination. From the measurement results, the maximum intensity value of luminous mushrooms is 499.6 au occurring at a wavelength of 505 nm. At a wavelength of 505 nm, visible light is produced in green. The results obtained are in accordance with observations, because the light emitted by the glowing mushroom is green. If the concentration of heavy metals is greater, the intensity of the bioluminescent fungus (Neonothopanus sp) will decrease. The type of heavy metal affects the intensity of the fungus biolumination. The greatest decrease in intensity occurred in copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). If the heavy metal concentration is greater, the inhibition coefficient will be smaller. The greatest inhibition coefficient due to the presence of heavy metals occurs in copper (Cu) then iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and the smallest is lead (Pb).

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Heavy Metals in the Soils of Placer Small-Scale Gold Mining Sites in Myanmar

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (27) ◽

pp. 200911

Author(s):

Aung Zaw Tun ◽

Pokkate Wongsasuluk ◽

Wattasit Siriwong

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Gold Mining ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Small Scale ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Mining Sites ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations

Background. Artisanal and small-scale mining activities are widely practiced globally. Concentrations of heavy metals associated with gold, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) can increase in the environment as a result of mining activities, leading to environmental pollution and pose toxicity risks to humans and animals. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate soil concentrations of toxic heavy metals in placer small-scale gold mining operations in Myanmar. Methods. Soil samples were collected from three placer small-scale gold mining sites: Site A located in the Hmawbon public protected forest, Site B and Site C, situated in the Nant-Kyin reserved forest around Nar Nant Htun village. At each site, soil samples were collected from four gold mining stages (ore processing, sluicing, panning, and amalgamation). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was utilized to examine the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg. Results. The highest heavy metal concentrations were generally found in the amalgamation stages across all the gold mining sites. Across the three mining sites, the maximum heavy metal concentrations in the amalgamation stage were 22.170 mg.kg−1 for As, 3.070 mg.kg−1 for Cd, 77.440 mg.kg−1 for Hg, and 210.000 mg.kg−1 for Pb. Conclusions. The present study examined the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the soil of several small-scale gold mining sites in Banmauk Township, Myanmar. The results demonstrated the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of the gold mining sites. Miners in this area work without proper personal protective equipment, and frequent exposure to heavy metals in the soil may cause adverse health effects. The present study provides baseline data for future risk assessment studies of heavy metal contamination in gold mines. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 271-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thomas Spanos ◽

Antoaneta Ene ◽

Chrysoula Styliani Patronidou ◽

Christina Xatzixristou

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Metal Content ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Chromium Species ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Metal Contents

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg−1Cd; 103.7 mg kg−1Cr; 136.4 mg kg−1Cu; < 0.2 mg kg−1Hg; 29.1 mg kg−1Ni; 62.0 mg kg−1Pb; 1253.2 mg kg−1Zn; 1.56 mg kg−1Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg−1Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summer-winter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.

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Distribution and Potential Risk of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir: The Relationship to Environmental Variables

Water ◽

10.3390/w10121840 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1840 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lei Huang ◽

Hongwei Fang ◽

Ke Ni ◽

Wenjun Yang ◽

Weihua Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

Three Gorges ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Sediment Size ◽

The Three Gorges

In this study, surface sediment samples were taken from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in June 2015 to estimate the spatial distribution and potential risk of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni (34 sites from the mainstream and 9 sites from the major tributaries), and correlations with environmental variables were analyzed (e.g., median sediment size, water depth, turbidity, dissolved oxygen of the bottom water samples, and total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the surface sediment samples). Results show that the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments have increased over the last few decades, especially for Cd and Pb; and the sites in the downstream area, e.g., Badong (BD) and Wushan (WS), have had greater increments of heavy metal concentrations. The sampling sites from S6 to S12-WS are identified as hot spots for heavy metal distribution and have relatively high heavy metal concentrations, and there are also high values for the sites affected by urban cities (e.g., the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni for the site S12-WS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations increased slightly along the mainstream due to pollutants discharged along the Yangtze River and sediment sorting in the reservoir, and the values in the mainstream were greater than those in the tributaries. Meanwhile, the heavy metal concentrations were generally positively correlated with water depth (especially for Ni), while negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and median sediment size. These environmental variables have a great impact on the partition of heavy metals between the sediment and overlying water. According to the risk assessment, the heavy metals in the surface sediments of TGR give a low to moderate level of pollution.

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