scholarly journals Landscape Establishment of Woody Ornamentals Grown in Alternative Wood-Based Container Substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
G. Brett Runion ◽  
Stephen A. Prior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Production ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Quercus Shumardii ◽  
Container Plant

Due to concerns over future pine bark (PB) availability for container plant production, recent research has focused on evaluating suitable alternatives. For alternatives to be considered suitable substrate replacements, they must not only have desirable characteristics as a container substrate (e.g., adequate drainage, inert, pathogen free, etc.), but must also cause no negative fertility effects (e.g., nitrogen immobilization) following planting in the landscape. The study objective was to evaluate the landscape performance of three woody ornamentals grown in PB and in two alternative wood-based substrates, namely WholeTree (WT) and Clean Chip Residual (CCR). Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica × faurei ‘Acoma’), magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora ‘D.D. Blanchard’), and shumard oak (Quercus shumardii) were container grown in PB, WT, or CCR for an entire growing season prior to being planted into the landscape. Plants were grown in the landscape for two growing seasons. Data suggest that all species exhibited similar landscape performance when grown in WT or CCR compared to the PB standard. Therefore, the use of WT and CCR as alternative wood-based substrates for crapemyrtle, magnolia, and oak production may be acceptable from a landscape establishment standpoint.

Irrigation return flow and nutrient movement mitigation by irrigation method for container plant production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon E. Abdi ◽  
James S. Owen ◽  
Julie C. Brindley ◽  
Anna Birnbaum ◽  
Bert M. Cregg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Production ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Irrigation Return Flow ◽  
Container Plant

scholarly journals Container and Landscape Planting Depth and Root Ball Shaving Affects Magnolia grandiflora Root Architecture and Landscape Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gilman ◽  
Maria Paz ◽  
Chris Harchick
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Tree Height Growth

Plants were grown in a 2 × 2 factorial combination of planting depth in nursery containers and at a landscape installation to study effects on root architecture, growth, and mechanical stability of Magnolia grandiflora L. Planting depth into containers or landscape soil had no impact on bending stress to tilt trunks 40 months after landscape planting, and impacted neither trunk diameter nor tree height growth 68 months later. Trees planted 128 mm deep into 170 L containers had more circling roots at landscape planting and 68 months later than trees planted shallow in containers. Root pruning at landscape planting reduced the container imprint rating on the root system to one-third of that absent root pruning with only a 4 mm reduction in trunk diameter growth over 68 months. Improvement in root architecture from root pruning likely outweighs the rarely encountered downside of slightly less anchorage in an extreme weather event simulated by winching trunks. Trees planted 5 cm above grade were slightly—but significantly—less stable in landscape than trees planted deeper (10 cm below grade). Root pruning at planting to remove roots on root ball periphery appeared to improve root architecture while only slightly impacting growth and anchorage.

scholarly journals Stability and Maturity of Different Poultry Manures and Potential Utilization for Horticultural Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebelo Mataa ◽  
Namakau Manzi ◽  
Kalaluka Munyinda
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Container Plant

This study evaluated stability, maturity and the efficacy of different poultry litter for possible use in container plant production. Three types of poultry manure- Battery cage (BC), Deep litter (DL) and Free range (FR) were used, with Kraal manure (KM) as a comparison. The experiment was set up as a Split- split design with 6 replications. Composting period was main plot, poultry manure type the split plot and mixing ratio as the split- split plot. The litter was mixed with garden soil in 2 ratios (3:1 and 1:1 soil: manure ratio) and tested for up to 12 weeks. Rape (Brassica napus) was used as a bioassay for maturity, which was determined at 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The pH declined slightly from 7 to about 6 for all treatments except for the kraal manure. Respiration trends were similar to electrical conductivity. Within 2 weeks of curing the respiration rate for all manures declined to below 4 mg CO2- C/ kg. At the end of 12 weeks curing Battery cage had highest total nitrogen (2.32 %), followed by Free range (1.25 %), Deep litter (0.73 %) and Kraal manure was lowest at 0.35 %). Maturity (rape survival) increased with compositing time. After 3 months of curing Kraal manure had highest survivability of rape. The DL at 1:1 ratio had the lowest survival of 67%. At 12 weeks except for BC at 3:1 all treatments had 100 % survival. The results showed that nitrogen rich manures (DL and BC) needed longer curing in order for them to reach maturity.

Responses of nematode species composition to factorial addition of carbon, fertiliser, bactericide and fungicide at two sub-arctic sites

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Jonasson ◽  
Inger Schmidt ◽  
Anders Michelsen ◽  
Liliane Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Food Web Interactions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractNutrient availability is a major constraint on plant production and carbon storage in arctic ecosystems but knowledge on the decomposer food web interactions and their effect on nutrient cycling is scarce. We manipulated the soil food web at two contrasting subarctic sites, a low altitude heath and a high altitude fell-field. The influx of nutrients and energy in the soil was increased by addition of fertiliser nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and of labile carbon (sugar). In addition, two bactericides (penicillin and streptomycin) and a fungicide (benomyl) were applied to manipulate the bacterial and fungal component of the soil. Experiments were carried out in a factorial design with repeated additions over four growing seasons. The present study investigated the nematode fauna and the effects of the manipulations on the abundance of nematode species. Fertilisation resulted in an increase of general opportunists, especially Aphelenchoides. Application of carbon or bactericides had only minor impact on the nematode community. In contrast, the fungicide was very toxic to non-target organisms and greatly reduced the abundance of most nematode species, although Acrobeloides buetschlii showed tolerance and greatly increased in number. At both sites, Eudorylaimus was most affected by the treatments. Generally the manipulations performed resulted in a significant increase in stress tolerant or competitive dominant nematode species.

scholarly journals Cutless and Atrimmec for Controlling Growth of Woody Landscape Plants in Containers

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Banko ◽  
Marcia A. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Trim Cut

Abstract Cutless (flurprimidol) effectively reduced shoot elongation of container-grown woody ornamentals, including abelia, cotoneaster, crape myrtle, Foster holly, Mystery gardenia, Manhattan euonymus, photinia and rhododendron. Optimum Cutless 50W (flurprimidol) spray rates were 500–600 ppm for most species except for Manhattan euonymus (1250 ppm), Mystery gardenia and Natchez crape myrtle (750 ppm). Optimum Cutless 0.33G (flurprimidol) granular rates were 0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A) for Coral Beauty cotoneaster and Foster holly, and 1.7 kg/ha (1.5 lb/A) for Fraser photinia. Atrimmec (dikegulac) was effective in controlling growth of abelia at spray rates of 1480 ppm, Coral Beauty cotoneaster, and Manhattan euonymus at 1600 ppm, Foster holly, and Fraser photinia at 4440 ppm. Neither Off-Shoot-O nor Trim-Cut (mefluidide) had a significant effect on any of the species studied. None of the growth regulators had a significant effect on nandina.

scholarly journals Half-Sib Family Selection Improves Container Nursery and Landscape Performance of Sycamore

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Larry J. Shoemake ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Landscape Establishment ◽  
Container Nursery

Abstract Seven groups of seedlings from each of seven single parent (half-sib) families of sycamore, Platanus occidentalis L., were grown to a marketable size in 9.1 liter (#3) containers to test responses to container nursery production in south Texas. Seedlings were then transplanted to a field site (Brazos County, TX) in the fall, spring, and summer to assess seasonal effects on landscape establishment. Regional selections grew larger, both during container production and following subsequent transplant to the field. Growth of nonimproved local half-sib families equaled or exceeded that of genetically improved families from a distant region. Differential responses among genetically improved and non-improved sources were less pronounced when genotypes were grown in a region from which they did not originate. Fall and spring transplanted seedlings had substantially greater growth and survival than did summer transplants regardless of genotype. This study demonstrates a potential for regional market segregation of seed-propagated landscape trees.

scholarly journals LOW QUALITY, LOW QUANTITY WATER USED—CONTAINER PLANT PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 916B-916
Author(s):  
James L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Open Container ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
Container Plant

Since initiation of the research in 1990, diverse plants (92 genera from 47 families) have been grown in the closed, insulated pallet system (CIPS). Greater growth has occurred in various embodiments of the CIPS than in the open container system (OCS) controls. Branching of roots, and of shoots of some plants, is greater in CIPS. CIPS is a closed system; there is no circulation of irrigation solutions nor effluent discharge from CIPS. Water and fertilizer movement in CIPS is plant-driven, and use is 10% of that applied in overhead sprinkler fertigation of open containers. Tomato plants are more tolerant of saline irrigation water, and greenhouse tomato production is more profitable in CIPS than in the OCS. CIPS provides several pest management alternatives.

scholarly journals Understanding Carbon Footprint in Production and Use of Landscape Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewayne L. Ingram ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Joshua Knight
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Individual Trees

Understanding carbon footprint (CF) terminology and the science underlying its determination is important to minimizing the negative impacts of new product development and assessing positive or negative cradle-to-grave life-cycle impacts. Life cycle assessment has been used to characterize representative field-grown and container-grown landscape plants. The dominant contributor to the CF and variable costs of field-grown trees is equipment use, or more specifically, the combustion of fossil fuels. Most of that impact is at harvest when heavy equipment is used to dig and move individual trees. Transport of these trees to customers and the subsequent transplant in the landscape are also carbon-intensive activities. Field-grown shrubs are typically dug by hand and have much smaller CFs than trees. Plastics are the major contributor to CF of container-grown plants. Greenhouse heating also can be impactful on the CF of plants depending on the location of the greenhouse or nursery and the length and season(s) of production. Knowing the input products and activities that contribute most toward CF and costs during plant production allows nursery and greenhouse managers to consider protocol modifications that are most impactful on profit potential and environmental impact. Marketers of landscape plants need information about the economic and environmental life-cycle benefits of these products, as they market to environmentally conscious consumers.

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