scholarly journals Order, scale structure and coupling types of coastal port city system from the perspective of multi-function

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianke Guo ◽  
Lulu Wu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yafeng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Free Region ◽  
City System

Using the rank scale rule, taking 47 major port cities in China from 2001 to 2015 as research samples, this paper discusses the rank scale characteristics and hierarchical structure of coastal port city system from a multi-functional perspective, and divides the coupling type of multi-functional development based on shipping logistics. The research shows that: 1) from 2001 to 2015, the scale-free area of manufacturing function order scale distribution in the coastal port city system appeared bifractal structure, the hierarchical segmentation characteristics appeared, and the other functions were single fractal; From the perspective of long-term evolution, only the order and scale distribution of shipping logistics function has developed from centralization to equilibrium, while the business function, manufacturing function (scale-free region I), modern service function and population distribution function are in a centralized situation. 2) The hierarchical structure of coastal port city system has gradually changed from pyramid structure to spindle structure, and generally formed five levels: national hub, regional hub, regional sub center, regional node and local node. 3) From the perspective of multi-functional coupling types, the traditional functions of port cities are generally ahead, while the high-end service functions lag behind, and the improvement speed of urban functions is slow and tends to be flat, indicating that the multi-functional development of China’s coastal port cities is still at a low level, and the industrial system structure needs to be further optimized. 4) From the perspective of port cities at different levels, the functions of regional hub cities and regional sub central cities are in the stage of rapid growth; regional and local node cities are still in the growth stage of traditional functions such as industry and commerce.

scholarly journals Neoliberal Economic, Social, and Spatial Restructuring: Valparaíso and Its Agricultural Hinterland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Hernán Cuevas Valenzuela ◽  
Jorge Budrovich Sáez ◽  
Claudia Cerda Becker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Port City ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
Analytical Scale

The analysis of the neoliberal restructuring of Chilean port cities and their hinterland suggests there was a functional coupling of neoliberalisation, precarisation, reterritorialisation, extraction, and logistics. To address this process properly, we expanded the boundaries of our analytical scale to include not only the port city, but also its hinterland, and be able to examine the flow of commodities and labour. The analysis demonstrated that the effects of neoliberal restructuring of Valparaíso and its hinterland has had interconnected ambivalent effects. Although social and economic restructuring of agricultural hinterland and port terminals in Chile increased land and port productivity and economic competitiveness, this pattern of capitalist modernisation benefitted neither the increasing masses of temporary precarious workers in the countryside nor port cities such as Valparaíso, marked by territorial inequality, socioecological damage, urban poverty, and a growing sense of closure of the littoral and reduced access to the ocean. These negative externalities and frictions have triggered local political controversies, commercial and economic disputes, labour strikes, and urban and socio-territorial conflicts.

scholarly journals “The Hoist of the Yellow Flag”: Vulnerable Port Cities and Public Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 153851322199871
Author(s):  
Dirk Schubert ◽  
Cor Wagenaar ◽  
Carola Hein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Yellow Flag ◽  
Dutch City

Port cities have long played a key role in the development, discovery, and fight against diseases. They have been laboratories for policies to address public health issues. Diseases reached port cities through maritime exchanges, and the bubonic plague is a key example. Port city residents’ close contact with water further increased the chance for diseases such as cholera. Analyzing three European port cities, this article first explores the relevance of water quality for public health through the lens of the Dutch city of Rotterdam. It then examines plans and projects for London that were shaped by social Darwinism and stressed the moral failings of slum dwellers as a major cause for their misery. It finally explores the case of Hamburg as the perfect example of a city that cultivated ideals of purity and cleanliness by addressing all issues at stake in public health. This article on urban hygiene in three port cities shows how remarkably rich this field of study is; it also demonstrates that the multifaceted aspects of public health in port cities require further attention.

A Mediterranean insular port-city in transition: economic transformations, spatial antagonism and the metamorphosis of landscape in nineteenth-century Hermoupolis on the island of Syros

Urban History ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
APOSTOLOS DELIS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Port City ◽  
World War ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Economic Landscape

ABSTRACT:Port-cities provide excellent examples of the socio-economic transformations that occurred during the transition from merchant to industrial capitalism in the second half of the nineteenth century. Hermoupolis on the island of Syros was a major economic centre in Greece and a hub of international trade during the nineteenth century. However, economic transformations that commenced in the 1860s affected long-established port-based activities such as wooden shipbuilding and its related industries due to the decline of sailing ships and the expansion of factories. This factor led to an increase in tension and antagonism between manufacturers and shipbuilders over the use of land and altered the physical and the socio-economic landscape of the port-city. However, new types of economic activities flourished, like the tramp steamship business and factories, which enabled Hermoupolis to maintain its economic importance until World War II.

scholarly journals Scale-Free Coupled Dynamics in Brain Networks Captured by Bivariate Focus-Based Multifractal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Stylianou ◽  
Frigyes Samuel Racz ◽  
Andras Eke ◽  
Peter Mukli
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Coupled Dynamics ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Brain

While most connectivity studies investigate functional connectivity (FC) in a scale-dependent manner, coupled neural processes may also exhibit broadband dynamics, manifesting as power-law scaling of their measures of interdependence. Here we introduce the bivariate focus-based multifractal (BFMF) analysis as a robust tool for capturing such scale-free relations and use resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of 12 subjects to demonstrate its performance in reconstructing physiological networks. BFMF was employed to characterize broadband FC between 62 cortical regions in a pairwise manner, with all investigated connections being tested for true bivariate multifractality. EEG channels were also grouped to represent the activity of six resting-state networks (RSNs) in the brain, thus allowing for the analysis of within- and between- RSNs connectivity, separately. Most connections featured true bivariate multifractality, which could be attributed to the genuine scale-free coupling of neural dynamics. Bivariate multifractality showed a characteristic topology over the cortex that was highly concordant among subjects. Long-term autocorrelation was higher in within-RSNs, while the degree of multifractality was generally found stronger in between-RSNs connections. These results offer statistical evidence of the bivariate multifractal nature of functional coupling in the brain and validate BFMF as a robust method to capture such scale-independent coupled dynamics.

scholarly journals Challenges for European Tourist-City-Ports: Strategies for a Sustainable Coexistence in the Cruise Post-COVID Context

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
María J. Andrade ◽  
João Pedro Costa ◽  
Eduardo Jiménez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Environmental

In recent years, cruise tourism has increased the negative effects caused by touristification in many European port cities. Despite this, these cities are in a great competition to be a destination, a tourist-port. Cruise tourism has come to stay, and a steady growth can be expected in a post-COVID-19 scenario, but at what cost? The tourist-port demands highly effective planning answers occurring simultaneously, and the global pandemic crisis provides a buffer of time to seek best practices, combining the expected economical (re)development with social, environmental, and cultural sustainability. This paper proposes five different strategies that contribute to finding a sustainable coexistence between tourist ports and their cities. To this end, trans-scalar strategies developed in previous research from different disciplines have been studied and categorized in a port-city context, in order to provide a holistic viewpoint on the measures carried out to maximize the benefits and limit the negative impacts of cruise tourism on cities.

scholarly journals Port City Sustainability: A Review of Its Research Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8355
Author(s):  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Jingzhu Zhao ◽  
Guofan Shao
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Future Research Directions

In recent years, with the development of society, the awareness of environmental protection for people has been increasing. While ports promote the economic development and employment levels of port cities, they also have a negative impact on the environment of port cities. The sustainability of port cities is increasingly valued. Port cities face huge challenges, and their sustainability needs to be better understood. The purpose of this article is to review research on the sustainability of port cities. We used content analysis to classify and analyze the existing relevant literature, to learn about the hotspots and deficiencies of past research, and to propose future research directions. We found that port sustainability has become an increasingly important research topic during the past ten years. From the perspective of geographic research areas, European port cities are the hot spots for sustainability research. Regarding research fields, technologies, methods and measures to promote the sustainability of port cities are popular research topics. In terms of research methods, qualitative research plays an important role in the study of port city sustainability. Finally, guidance for future research on port city sustainability is proposed according to the review results.

Mapping Transformation of Nineteenth-Century Chinese Cities within China’s Incorporation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 822-848
Author(s):  
Sung Hee Ru
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Historical Capitalism ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract During the 19th century, China’s socioeconomic geography experienced unprecedented spatial changes. Through these spatial transformations, which were caused by the penetration of western capitalism, Chinese cities morphed into epicenters of international trade between Western powers and China. By examining the major transformations having taken place in 19th century Chinese cities, the author investigates unexplained or neglected transformations in three areas: (1) the decline of interdependent inland cities connected by waterways; (2) the simultaneous rise of independent port cities under the influence of the capitalist world-economy; and (3) the forging of port city–hinterland relationships in connection with the capitalist world-economy. It helps to understand the role that port cities have played in the development of China’s historical capitalism.

scholarly journals Filament Formation in Molecular Clouds as a Scale-Free Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 709-710
Author(s):  
Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni ◽  
Gilberto Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Molecular Line ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
The Core ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Self Gravity

AbstractWe discuss the formation of filaments in molecular clouds (MCs) as the result of large-scale collapse in the clouds. We first give arguments suggesting that self-gravity dominates the nonthermal motions, and then briefly describe the resulting structure, similar to that found in molecular-line and dust observations of the filaments in the clouds. The filaments exhibit a hierarchical structure in both density and velocity, suggesting a scale-free nature, similar to that of the cosmic web, resulting from the domination of self-gravity from the MC down to the core scale.

scholarly journals Framework and Methodology for Establishing Port-City Policies Based on Real-Time Composite Indicators and IoT: A Practical Use-Case

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4131
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lacalle ◽  
Andreu Belsa ◽  
Rafael Vaño ◽  
Carlos E. Palau
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Composite Indicators ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
Smart Port

During the past few decades, the combination of flourishing maritime commerce and urban population increases has made port-cities face several challenges. Smart Port-Cities of the future will take advantage of the newest IoT technologies to tackle those challenges in a joint fashion from both the city and port side. A specific matter of interest in this work is how to obtain reliable, measurable indicators to establish port-city policies for mutual benefit. This paper proposes an IoT-based software framework, accompanied with a methodology for defining, calculating, and predicting composite indicators that represent real-world phenomena in the context of a Smart Port-City. This paper envisions, develops, and deploys the framework on a real use-case as a practice experiment. The experiment consists of deploying a composite index for monitoring traffic congestion at the port-city interface in Thessaloniki (Greece). Results were aligned with the expectations, validated through nine scenarios, concluding with delivery of a useful tool for interested actors at Smart Port-Cities to work over and build policies upon.

scholarly journals From Planning the Port/City to Planning the Port-City. Exploring the Economic Interface in European Port Cities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Van den Berghe ◽  
Tom Daamen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Port City ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Spatial Policy ◽  
Policy Conflicts ◽  
Visualisation Method

In last three decades, planning agencies of most ports have institutionally evolved into a (semi-) independent port authority. The rationale behind this process is that port authorities are able to react more quickly to changing logistical and spatial preferences of maritime firms, hence increasing the competitiveness of ports. Although these dedicated port authorities have proven to be largely successful, new economic, social, and environmental challenges are quickly catching up on these port governance models, and particularly leads to (spatial) policy ‘conflicts’ between port and city. This chapter starts by assessing this conflict and argue that the conflict is partly a result of dominant—often also academic—spatial representations of the port city as two separate entities. To escape this divisive conception of contemporary port cities, this chapter presents a relational visualisation method that is able to analyse the economic interface between port and city. Based on our results, we reflect back on our proposition and argue that the core challenge today for researchers and policy makers is acknowledging the bias of port/city, being arguably a self-fulfilling prophecy. Hence, we turn the idea of (planning the) port/city conflicts into planning the port-city’s strengths and weaknesses.

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