scholarly journals Combination of anti-angiogenic therapy Apatinib and immune therapy potentiate tumor microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Chunyi Gao ◽  
Tianhui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Antiangiogenic Agents ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Tumor immune therapy, especially anti-programmed cell death ligand-1/programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) treatment, is currently the focus of substantial attention. However, despite its enormous successes, the overall response rate of cancer immunotherapy remains suboptimal. There is an increased interest in combining PD-L1/PD-1 treatment with anti-angiogenic drug Apatinib to enhance antitumor effect. Presently available data seem to suggest that Apatinib may exert immune suppressive effects to make the PD-L1/PD-1 treatment works. Here, we review the extensive tumor microenvironment immune modulatory effects from antiangiogenic agents Apatinib in order to supporting VEGFR2 targettherapies in clinical trials are existing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression in Tumor Tissue of Patients with Lung Carcinoma and Correlation with Clinical and Demographic Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Dix Junqueira Pinto ◽  
Luciano de Souza Viana ◽  
Cristovam Scapulatempo Neto ◽  
Sérgio Vicente Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Past History ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
History Of

Lung cancer is the leading world cause of cancer-related death, in both genders, and smoking is the main etiological factor. The discovery of immune checkpoints corroborates the hypothesis that ligands presented in tumors modulate the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the immune activity of tumor microenvironment. Among the most studied coregulatory molecules, PD-1(programmed cell death 1)and its ligand PD-L1(programmed cell death 1 ligand 1)are noteworthy. The present study aims to enhance the understanding of the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer patients who underwent surgery, by means of analysis of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and in intratumoral immune cells (IICs). It was found that PD-L1 expression was more frequent in tumor cells than in IICs. Collective analysis by Tissue Microarray Assay (TMA) for PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and IICs did not reproduce the findings for separate individual analysis of tumor tissues. Patients with past history of smoking were more likely to express PD-L1 in tumor cells than those who never smoked. Patients with past history of smoking were less likely to have PD-L1 positive IICs compared to those who had never smoked. The immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and IICs did not correlate with survival.

scholarly journals Advances in Immunotherapy and Implications for Current Practice in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.21.00305
Author(s):  
Conor E. Steuer ◽  
Suresh S. Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Treatment options for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have improved dramatically in recent years. For decades, harnessing a person's own immune system to fight cancer has been a major area of research in oncology. Recently, these efforts have proven successful with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors; these agents have now become part of the routine care of NSCLC. Presently, five programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 inhibitors and one anti–cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 inhibitor are US Food and Drug Administration–approved in the treatment of NSCLC. These drugs have made a dramatic difference in the lives of patients with NSCLC, although durable benefits are limited to a subset of patients. In this review, we highlight the trials that led to our current treatment practices, discuss areas of active research, and address common clinical issues that have risen as immune therapy has become a mainstay of treatment in NSCLC.

scholarly journals Follicular Helper T Cells Remodel the Immune Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer via Secreting CXCL13 and IL-21

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3678
Author(s):  
Xuan Lin ◽  
Longyun Ye ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Liao ◽  
Jia Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Tfh Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Immunosuppression is an important factor for the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells) play an anti-tumor role in various malignant solid tumors and predict better patient prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to determine the immunosuppressive mechanism associated with Tfh cells and explore a new strategy to improve the tumor microenvironment of PDAC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the infiltration and proportion of Tfh cells in tumor tissues and peripheral blood from patients with PDAC. The spatial correlations of Tfh cells with related immune cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence. The function of Tfh cells was examined using in vitro and in vivo model systems. The high infiltration of Tfh cells predicted better prognosis in patients with PDAC. Tfh cells recruited CD8+ T cells and B cells by secreting C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), and promoted the maturation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells by secreting interleukin 21 (IL-21), thereby promoting the formation of an immunoactive tumor microenvironment. The function of Tfh cells was inhibited by the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway in PDAC, which could be reversed using neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment with recombinant CXCL13, IL-21 and Tfh cells alleviated tumor growth and enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and B cells, as well as B cell maturation in a PDAC mouse model. Our results revealed the important role of Tfh cells in mediating anti-tumor cellular immunity and humoral immunity in PDAC via secreting CXCL13 and IL-21 and determined a novel mechanism of immunosuppression in PDAC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document