Characterization of Indium addition on Sn-Bi-Sb Lead free Solder alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4231-4243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mosaad Mahlab ◽  
Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Abd El-Raouf Mohamed Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Free Solder Alloy ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

The aim of these work is to measure the effect of the addition of In with different atomic percent weight on structure, melting, Electrical and mechanical properties of Sn70-X at.% -Bi15 at.% -Sb15 at.%- Inx at.%  rapidly solidified. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature dependence of resistivity (TDR), and mechanical resonance method are performed. It's found that electrical conductivity (σ) and thermal conductivity (K) increased gradually by increasing In at.%. Melting temperature reduced from 470.12 K for Sn70 at.%- Bi15 at.%- Sb15 at.% to 427.13 K in Sn61 at.%- Bi15 at.%- Sb15 at.%- In9 at.%. Also, elastic moduli, internal friction and thermal diffusivity measured from melt-quenched ribbons. 

scholarly journals Analysis of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bismuth-Doped SAC305 Lead-Free Solder Alloy at High Temperature

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Umair Ali ◽  
Hamza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
Numan Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Free Solder Alloy ◽  
Free Solder

SAC305 lead-free solder alloy is widely used in the electronic industry. However, the problems associated with the growth formation of intermetallic compounds need further research, especially at high temperatures. This study investigates the doping of Bismuth into SAC305 in the various compositions of 1, 2, and 3 wt.%. The microstructure in terms of intermetallic compound particles and mechanical properties was examined after thermal aging at temperatures of 100 °C and 200 °C for 60 h. The microstructure examination was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of each alloy was confirmed with an energy dispersive X-ray. Tensile tests were performed to find the mechanical properties such as yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The intermetallic compound’s phase analysis was identified using X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry was done to study the temperature curves for melting points. Results showed that the addition of Bismuth refined the microstructure by suppressing the growth of intermetallic compounds, which subsequently improved the mechanical properties. The thermal aging made the microstructure coarsen and degraded the mechanical properties. However, the most improved performance was observed with a Bismuth addition of 3 wt.% into SAC305. Furthermore, a decrease in the melting temperature was observed, especially at Bismuth compositions of 3 wt.%.

A study of eutectic indium-bismuth and indium-bismuth-tin Field’s metal rapidly solidified from melt

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1404-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Abu-Bakr El-Bediwi ◽  
RizkMostafa Shalaby ◽  
Mohammed Younus
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Thermal Effusivity ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Eutectic Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

In this paper, the microstructure and thermal behavior of two rapidly solidified of eutectic Indium-Bismuth and Indium-Bismuth-Tin Field’s metal are reported. This work experimentally measures the specific heat of the eutectic alloys of the binary Indium-bismuth and indium –bismuth –tin tertiary system using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique and analyzes the results to determine the thermodynamic properties of the system have sufficient scaling for experimental modeling applications. The resultant ribbons were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) technique. From the differential scanning calorimetry measurements, it is found that entropy change, enthalpy and specific heat are improved and enhanced compared with literature. The electrical resistivity was reported for temperatures between 295 and 330 K for all the melt-quenched ribbons of binary In-49Biand tertiary In-32.5 Bi -16.5 Sn (wt.%). The microhardness, elastic moduli, internal friction and both thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity were also measured. Field’s metal is more than suitable for use in experimental settings as it is non-reactive, non-toxic, simple to manufacture, easy to use, and responds to a magnetic force.

Studies on the Preparation, Characterization and Solubility of -Cyclodextrin-Roxythromycin Inclusion Complexes

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530
Author(s):  
D. Nagasamy Venkatesh ◽  
S. Karthick ◽  
M. Umesh ◽  
G. Vivek ◽  
R.M. Valliappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Poorly Soluble Drug

Roxythromycin/ β-cyclodextrin (Roxy/ β-CD) dispersions were prepared with a view to study the influence of β-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly soluble drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of roxythromycin was significantly increased in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and was classified as AL-type, indicating the 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Physical characterization of the prepared systems was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and IR studies. Solid state characterization of the drug β-CD binary system using XRD, FTIR and DSC revealed distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the formulation, ostensibly accounting for enhancement of dissolution rate.

Characterization of New Nonstoichiometric Ferroelectric (Li0.95Cu0.15)Ta0.76Nb0.19O3 and Comparative Study With (Li0.95Cu0.15)Ta0.57Nb0.38O3 as Photocatalysts in Microbial Fuel Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Louki ◽  
N. Touach ◽  
A. Benzaouak ◽  
V. M. Ortiz-Martínez ◽  
M. J. Salar-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible

This work investigates the photocatalytic activity of new ferroelectric material with formula (Li0.95Cu0.15)Ta0.76Nb0.19O3 (LT76) in a single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) and compares its performance with the similar photocatalyst (Li0.95Cu0.15)Ta0.57Nb0.38O3 (LT57). The photocatalysts LT76 and LT57 were synthesized by ceramic route under the same conditions, with the same starting materials. The ratio Ta/Nb was fixed at 4.0 and 1.5 for LT76 and LT57, respectively. These phases were characterized by different techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution (PSD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and ultraviolet (UV)–visible (Vis). The new photocatalyst LT76 presents specific surface area of 0.791 m2/g and Curie temperature of 1197 °C. The photocatalytic efficiency of this material is assessed in terms of wastewater treatment and electricity generation by power density and removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the presence of a light source. The values of maximum power density and COD removal were 19.77 mW/m3 and 93%, respectively, for LT76.

scholarly journals Stacking Control by Molecular Symmetry of Sterically Protected Phthalocyanines

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5552
Author(s):  
Ryota Kudo ◽  
Masahiro Sonobe ◽  
Yoshiaki Chino ◽  
Yu Kitazawa ◽  
Mutsumi Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Molecular Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Structural Isomers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Controlled

The synthesis and characterization of two phthalocyanine (Pc) structural isomers, 1 and 2, in which four 2,6-di(hexyloxy)phenyl units were attached directly to the 1,8,15,22- or 1,4,15,18-positions of the Pc rings, are described. Both Pcs 1 and 2 exhibited low melting points, i.e., 120 and 130 °C respectively, due to the reduction in intermolecular π-π interaction among the Pc rings caused by the steric hindrance of 2,6-dihexyloxybenzene units. The thermal behaviors were investigated with temperature-controlled polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and absorption spectral analyses. Pc 1, having C4h molecular symmetry, organized into a lamellar structure containing lateral assemblies of Pc rings. In contrast, the other Pc 2 revealed the formation of metastable crystalline phases, including disordered stacks of Pcs due to rapid cooling from a melted liquid.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Interface Between the Bulk Glass Forming Alloy Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 with Pure Metals and Ceramics

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schroers ◽  
Konrad Samwer ◽  
Frigyes Szuecs ◽  
William L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Bulk Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The reaction of the bulk glass forming alloy Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 (Vit 1) with W, Ta, Mo, AlN, Al2O3, Si, graphite, and amorphous carbon was investigated. Vit 1 samples were melted and subsequently solidified after different processing times on discs of the different materials. Sessile drop examinations of the macroscopic wetting of Vit 1 on the discs as a function of temperature were carried out in situ with a digital optical camera. The reactions at the interfaces between the Vit 1 sample and the different disc materials were investigated with an electron microprobe. The structure and thermal stability of the processed Vit 1 samples were examined by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results are discussed in terms of possible applications for composite materials.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Oxide Free Tin Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Zhi Long Pan ◽  
Shi Liang Ao ◽  
Jian Ping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Reduction Method ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Tin Nanoparticles

Oxide free Tin nanoparticles were synthesized from a chemical reduction method. Their morphological and thermal characterizations were studied in this paper. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that no oxides of Tin nanoparticles were formed. The thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) exhibited the size dependency of the melting points. The melting point was as low as 202.16°C.

Preparation and Characterization of PCL/PVP Blend Membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1638-1641
Author(s):  
Jun Hua Wang ◽  
Xiang Biao Cheng ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Feng Chun Dong ◽  
Yong Tang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Xrd Techniques

PCL/PVP blend membrane was prepared by casting solution method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to characterize membrane structure and morphology. Moreover, the hydrophilicity, mechanical property and biodegradability of membranes were investigated. Due to introducing PVP, the crystallinity and mechanical property of PCL altered to some extent. The hydrophilicity of the blend membrane improved remarkably with increasing PVP content, which was expressed by the contact angle declining and the rate of water absorption increasing. Lipase accelerated the degradation rate of PCL/PVP membrane.

scholarly journals Effects of Chlorinated Polypropylene on the Conformation of Polypropylene in Polypropylene/Chlorinated Polypropylene/Polyaniline Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Yueyue Jia ◽  
Zhiye Zhang ◽  
Xinlong Wang ◽  
Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
In Situ Ftir ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyaniline Composites

We investigated the changes in the conformation and crystalline structure of polypropylene (PP) using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) based on PP/chlorinated PP (CPP)/polyaniline (PANI) composites. The DSC heating thermograms and WAXD patterns of the PP/CPP/PANI composites showed that theβ-crystal was affected greatly by the CPP content. Characterization of the specific regularity in the infrared band variation showed that the conformational orders of the helical sequences in PP exhibited major changes that depended on the CPP content. Initially, the intensity ratio ofA840/A810increased with the CPP concentration and reached its maximum level when the CPP content was <13.22% before decreasing as the CPP content increased further. The effect of increased temperature on the conformation of PP was studied by in situ FTIR. Initially, the intensity ratio ofA999/A973decreased slowly with increasing the temperature up to 105°C before decreasing sharply with further increases in temperature and then decreasing slowly again when the temperature was higher than 128°C.

Characterization of Nanocrystalline γ–Fe2O3Prepared by Wet Chemical Method

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1570-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ennas ◽  
G. Marongiu ◽  
A. Musinu ◽  
A. Falqui ◽  
P. Ballirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferrous Chloride ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Direct Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

Homogeneous maghemite (γ–Fe2O3) nanoparticles with an average crystal size around 5 nm were synthesized by successive hydrolysis, oxidation, and dehydration of tetrapyridino-ferrous chloride. Morphological, thermal, and structural properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Rietveld refinement indicated a cubic cell. The superstructure reflections, related to the ordering of cation lattice vacancies, were not detected in the diffraction pattern. Kinetics of the solid-state phase transition of nanocrystalline maghemite to hematite (α–Fe2O3), investigated by energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD), indicates that direct transformation from nanocrystalline maghemite to microcrystalline hematite takes place during isothermal treatment at 385 °C. This temperature is lower than that observed both for microcrystalline maghemite and for nanocrystalline maghemite supported on silica.

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