GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND SPORTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Shamshad Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Dhanani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Average Temperature

Climate change is not the new phenomenon. The palaeo-climatic studies reveal that during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods several warm and cold periods occurred, resulted change of sea level and change in climatic processes like rise and fall of global average temperature and rainfall. The last medieval warm period was observed from 950 to 1350 AD, followed by the little Ice Age from 1400 to 1900 AD. Occurrence of these climatic changes and their impacts are considered due to natural processes that are geological and astronomical. In 1970s environmentalists and some climate scientists pointed that earth’s average temperature is rising linked with the anthropogenic causes of global warming and emission of carbon dioxide through fossil fuels. In late 1980s the problem was discussed in politics and media. To examine and monitor the global rise of temperature and its impacts due to the emission of carbon dioxide an organization of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created in 1988 by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The IPCC released several reports based upon anthropogenic causes of climate change and their impacts. According to IPCC, 2007 report on climate change during the last 100 years the earth’s average temperature has increased up to 0.6 degree Celsius and if emission of greenhouse gases particularly carbon dioxide continues to rise, global temperature will rise up to 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of 2100 AD. Similarly as a result of this threat of global warming, glaciers will disappear even from Antarctica and Arctic sea will open for navigation throughout the year. Many islands and coastal cities will submerge as a result of sea level rise. In 2004 Canadian Broadcasting T.V presented a documentary with the name “ The doomsday called off” in which leading climate scientists, astrophysicist and geophysicist presented evidences that science of global warming presented by IPCC scientists is incomplete and incorrect based upon computer models and stimulations which are deliberately exaggerated. Many climate scientists have shown disassociation with the IPCC views and speculations on the basis of its doubtful manipulated and exaggerated figures of global warming and some consider it a climate scam. Since then debate between UN pro man-made global warming scientists and anti-man-made global warming climate scientists continue.

scholarly journals Community Adaptation Model of Food Security Due to Global Warming in Kulon Progo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rum Giyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) average temperature of the Earth’s surface was global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the 0.74 ± 0.18 0C (1.33 ± 0.32 F) over the last hundred years. The impact of rising temperatures is the climate change effect on agricultural production. If the community does not craft made adaptation to global warming will have an impact on food security. This research aims to know the society’s adaptation to food security as a result of global warming and to know the influence of global warming on food security. The research was carried out based on survey methods. The influence of global warming on food security is identified with a share of household food expenditure and the identification of rainfall. Sampling was done by random sampling. The Data used are the primary and secondary data. Primary Data obtained through structured interviews and depth interview using a questionnaire while the secondary data retrieved from publication data of the Central Bureau Statistics B(BPS), Department of Agriculture and Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics (BMKG). The expected results of the study is to know variations of food security due to global warming in Kulon Progo Regency. Comprehensive knowledge through community participation and related Government increased food security that is used as the basis for drafting the model society’s adaptation to the impacts of global warming.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony McMichael
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Trends In Global Greenhouse emissions during the first two de­cades of this twenty- first century are leading us to a much hotter world by 2100, perhaps 3°C– 4°C above the late- twentieth- century average temperature and hotter than at any time in the last 20– 30 million years. Further, the rate of heating would be about 30 times faster than when Earth emerged from the most recent ice age, between 17,000 and 12,000 years ago. At that speed, environ­mental changes may outstrip the capacity of many species to evolve and adapt. Having once relied on fires in caves, humans in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries increasingly began to burn fossil fuels to release vastly more energy— and, inadvertently, vastly more carbon dioxide. About 600 billion metric tons of that invisible, stable, and odorless gas have been emitted since 1750, about two- thirds of which will persist in the atmosphere for centuries. The resulting 40 percent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is the main cause of human- driven climate change. We have wrapped another heat- retaining blanket around the planet, causing warming of Earth’s surface at a rate that far outpaces nature’s rhythms. Humans have lived in climatically congenial times for the past 11,000 years of the Holocene geological epoch compared with the rigors of the preceding ice age. Figure 1.1 shows the world’s estimated aver­age surface temperature over that era, and the right- hand side of the graph shows the likely global warming by 2100 averaged across many published modeled projections. The difference between the peak tem­perature of 7,000 years ago and the nadir of the Little Ice Age 350 years ago is 0.7°C. By early in this twenty- first century, the global average temperature had edged higher than for the past 11,000 years— by 0.6°C in six decades. If the world’s temperature were to rise by 3°C– 4°C within just three generations, our descendants might struggle to remain healthy, raise families, and survive within stable societies. I am certainly not the first to say this … A 4°C temperature increase probably means a global carrying capacity below 1 billion people.

It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming and Individual Moral Obligations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
The Rich

To make the issue stark, let us begin with a few assumptions. I believe that these assumptions are probably roughly accurate, but none is certain, and I will not try to justify them here. Instead, I will simply take them for granted for the sake of argument. First, global warming has begun and is likely to increase over the next century. We cannot be sure exactly how much or how fast, but hot times are coming. Second, a significant amount of global warming is due to human activities. The main culprit is fossil fuels. Third, global warming will create serious problems for many people over the long term by causing climate changes, including violent storms, floods from sea-level rises, droughts, heat waves, and so on. Millions of people will probably be displaced or die. Fourth, the poor will be hurt most of all. The rich countries are causing most of the global warming, but they will be able to adapt to climate changes more easily. Poor countries that are close to sea level might be devastated. Fifth, governments, especially the biggest and richest ones, are able to mitigate global warming They can impose limits on emissions. They can require or give incentives for increased energy efficiency. They can stop deforestation and fund reforestation. They can develop ways to sequester carbon dioxide in oceans or underground. These steps will help, but the only long-run solution lies in alternatives to fossil fuels. These alternatives can be found soon if governments start massive research projects now. Sixth, it is too late to stop global warming. Because there is so much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere already, because carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for so long, and because we will remain dependent on fossil fuels in the near future, governments can slow down global warming or reduce its severity, but they cannot prevent it. Hence, governments need to adapt. They need to build sea walls. They need to reinforce houses that cannot withstand storms. They need to move populations from low-lying areas.

scholarly journals CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI: EVIDENZE SCIENTIFICHE, RISCHI ED OPPORTUNITÀ DI MITIGAZIONE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Main Model

This contribution presents the various pieces of evidence which bring the scientific community to conclude that global warming is happening and it is mostly due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide and methane, deriving from the use of fossil fuels and some intensive agricultural practices. The main climatic changes associated with global warming are then discussed, along with the main model-derived future climate scenarios and the impacts that climate change can have on different socioeconomic sectors. Finally, the response policies to global warming are described, and in particular the concepts of adaptation and mitigaziotn (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions).

scholarly journals Climate change scenarios as a driver for “Raсe to Zero” campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Leonid Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Emission ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Negative Emission Technologies

The Race to Zero is the largest credible alliance aiming to reduce twice emissions by 2030, with the main goal of moving towards a carbon-zero economy by 2050. Zero emission technologies can reduce the greenhouse gas concentrations in Atmosphere that can help to slowdown the Global Warming but for making the Earth’s climate system more stable we need implement Negative emission technologies. Negative emission technologies can significantly reduce the greenhouse gas concentrations in Atmosphere that can getting down the global average temperature to the pre-industrial level and prevent Global Warming and future Sea Level Rise. The currently observed climatic changes cannot be completely explained by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Taking into account the impact of methane emissions, including the Polar Regions and the World Ocean, it will be possible to explain rapid changes in the Earth's climate. For getting the Earth’s climate system stable and predictable we need to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and the global average temperature to the pre-industrial levels. If this aims cannot be achieved then Climate Change and associated with Global Warming future Sea Level Rise in the nearest future would be the most important Risk factors in the Global World and World Economy, that can provide the world massive losses and economic crisis.

scholarly journals Climate Change Awareness in Asia: An Assessment of the Climate Asia Blog

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawon Muhammad Shahriar ◽  
Md. Mahmudul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Lasting Change

Climate change refers to a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns in terms of change in average weather conditions or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. Global warming, which refers to the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century, is one of the most visible impacts of climate change. Since the early 20th century, Earth’s mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. Scientists are more than 90% certain that this warming of the climate system is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Climate model projections summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated that during the 21st century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.4 to 6.4 °C (4.3 to 11.5 °F) for their highest

Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth

What causes global warming or climate change? The burning of fossil fuels emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which results in the greenhouse effect—less heat can be re-radiated away from the earth, thus raising the temperature of the atmosphere and ocean. In the past...

scholarly journals Impact of Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Pakistan (1980-2010)

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4II) ◽  
pp. 327-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehar Munir ◽  
Azra Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Average Global Temperature ◽  
The World

Global environmental problems are getting more attention especially the increase in earth temperatures and change in climate. Increase in world average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level are some evidences of global warming. A CO2 emission, which is a global pollutant is the main greenhouse gas that causes 58.8 percent of global warming and climate change [The World Bank (2007a)]. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) reported a 1.1 to 6.4 °C rise in the world temperatures and an increase in the sea level of about 16.5 to 53.8 cm at the end of 21st century [IPCC (2007)]. Combined global land and ocean surface temperature for January 2010 on the average was 0.60°C (1.08°F) above the 20th century average of 12.0°C (53.6°F) and the average global temperature for January 2010 at the surface air was recorded 0.83°C (1.49°F) above the 20th century average of 2.8°C (37.0°F). Global warming is partly resulting from higher night temperature and partly due to rapid urbanisation. Other factors adding to global warming are the continuously changing irrigation systems, desertification and variations in the use of local lands. The developing countries need more energy consumption for economic growth that’s why these economies face more environmental issues.

scholarly journals Innovation to zero emissions: nuclear energy trough nonproliferation and environment protection- Romanian experience for GEN 4

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
M Valeca ◽  
S Valeca ◽  
D Giosanu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (NY 2019) has concluded that nations must move more swiftly to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases to avoid the most devastating effects of global warming. The paper presents nuclear energy as part of the solution. Due to the fact that the population is concerned about nuclear proliferation, plant safety and radiation protection, the paper presents the Romanian experience regarding the reduction of the risk of proliferation as well as the project of the 4th generation reactor ALFRED. One of the most important steps in assessing the candidate materials for Generation IV reactors is the material performance under neutron irradiation. In this respect, the paper also presents the results of the evaluations on some potential materials to be used in fast lead cooled reactors.

Combustion as a measure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas well blowouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Marvin Du
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions

Natural gas well blowouts can release a large amount of methane along with other greenhouse gases. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the global warming potential (GWP) of fossil methane is 30 times higher than that of carbon dioxide in a 100-year time horizon. Here, we show that combustion can be used as a means to significantly reduce the global warming effect of greenhouse emissions from gas well blowouts: up to 90 percent of the effect can be eliminated by combusting the released natural gas. The 2015 Aliso Canyon storage well blowout is used as an example.

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