scholarly journals Is the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Ingenuous?

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Rina Tilak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Personnel ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Global Stakeholders

The inability to identify the source of origin of SARS-CoV-2 even after more than twenty months of its emergence is intriguing and challenges the scientists and the public health personnel alike. Apprehension has been raised in certain quarters that some sort of human interference has taken place in the already dynamic gene pool of coronaviruses, which is a matter of concern. The need to have a scientific audit is paramount to unearth the real narrative about its origin as the precipitous assumption based on reports of human case incidences of infectious respiratory viral diseases having pandemic potential from a specific region is scientifically premature and it does not conclusively confirm the region to be the place of origin of the viral pathogen. Delineation of the source of origin of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for formulating strategies for the prevention of future outbreaks of viral zoonotic diseases if any, development of effective candidate vaccines, and designing target specific drugs. Further, this will put to rest the controversy about the origin and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and create an ambience for cooperative functioning among the global stakeholders. It is pertinent to have comprehensive scrutiny of the laboratories conducting experimental research on coronaviruses particularly bat and other suspected mammalian beta-coronaviruses to avert such calamitous situations in future. Mitigation of the disastrous effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is a global responsibility and necessitates joint efforts from all stakeholders across the globe.

PREVALENCE OF CERTAIN VIRAL DISEASES AND DIROFILARIA IMMITIS INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tarafder
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Canine Influenza

Background: Stray and pet dogs constitute the dog population in Bangladesh without any established dog statistics. Diseases of dogs are not only associated with morbidity and mortality in dogs but also associated with human health problems as zoonotic diseases. Inland reports on the prevalence of dog diseases are limited in Bangladesh and there is need to investigate diseases in both stray and pet dog populations. Objectives: The main objective is to determine the prevalence of Canine distemper (CD), Canine adenovirus- 1 (CAV-1), CAV-2, Canine influenza (CI) and Dirofilaria immitis (Heart worm infection = HWI) infection in stray dogs in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Blood, ocular and nasal samples were collected from each of 30 randomly caught stray dogs (11 male and 19 female) and of different ages, including growing (n = 3) and adult (n = 27) dogs in the district of Mymensingh in Bangladesh from January to June 2010. These samples were tested by using Antigen Test Kits (RapiGEN Inc, Korea). Results: All the 30 stray dogs showed negative results to CD, CAV-1 and CAV-2, whereas an overall high prevalence of CI (4/30; 13.33%) and HWI (15/30; 50.0%) were recorded. The higher prevalence of CI was recorded in growing (n = 2/3; 66.67%) than adult (n = 2/27; 7.41%) but it did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between male (n = 2/11; 18.18%) and female (n = 2/19; 10.53%) dogs. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence of D. immitis infection was recorded in adult (n = 15/27; 55.56%) than growing (0/3; 0.0%), male (n = 8/11; 72.73%) than female (n = 7/19; 36.84%) dogs. Conclusions: Further studies on CI and D. immitis are necessary on a large population of stray and pet small animals along with humans to ascertain their importance on health and zoonotic significance in Bangladesh. Key words: Viral diseases, Dirofilariasis, Stray dogs, Antigen test kits

scholarly journals Setting the Terms for Zoonotic Diseases: Effective Communication for Research, Conservation, and Public Policy

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Julie Teresa Shapiro ◽  
Luis Víquez-R ◽  
Stefania Leopardi ◽  
Amanda Vicente-Santos ◽  
Ian H. Mendenhall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Concepts

Many of the world’s most pressing issues, such as the emergence of zoonotic diseases, can only be addressed through interdisciplinary research. However, the findings of interdisciplinary research are susceptible to miscommunication among both professional and non-professional audiences due to differences in training, language, experience, and understanding. Such miscommunication contributes to the misunderstanding of key concepts or processes and hinders the development of effective research agendas and public policy. These misunderstandings can also provoke unnecessary fear in the public and have devastating effects for wildlife conservation. For example, inaccurate communication and subsequent misunderstanding of the potential associations between certain bats and zoonoses has led to persecution of diverse bats worldwide and even government calls to cull them. Here, we identify four types of miscommunication driven by the use of terminology regarding bats and the emergence of zoonotic diseases that we have categorized based on their root causes: (1) incorrect or overly broad use of terms; (2) terms that have unstable usage within a discipline, or different usages among disciplines; (3) terms that are used correctly but spark incorrect inferences about biological processes or significance in the audience; (4) incorrect inference drawn from the evidence presented. We illustrate each type of miscommunication with commonly misused or misinterpreted terms, providing a definition, caveats and common misconceptions, and suggest alternatives as appropriate. While we focus on terms specific to bats and disease ecology, we present a more general framework for addressing miscommunication that can be applied to other topics and disciplines to facilitate more effective research, problem-solving, and public policy.

scholarly journals Marginal cost of contextualizing stigma of zoonotic diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Hu ◽  
Zhangqiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Leading Journals ◽  
The Way

In the scientific sphere, understanding the way naming rules strengthen the integrity and quality of naming zoonotic diseases and viruses remains nominal rather than substantial. Arguably, the looming worry is that the public is susceptible to the stigmatized proper names like German measles in the leading journals. Our survey indicates that some stigmatizing names have always come at the cost of unintentional sociocultural impacts, despite their seemingly harmless origins. This study first unveils that terminological evolution of German measles is on the wrong side of history.

scholarly journals A New Concept of Nature as a Foundation for Ethics: On the Relevance of Hans Jonas

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Marcus Knaup ◽  
Hanna Hubenko ◽  
Galyna Iarmolovych
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hans Jonas ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Human Value ◽  
The Public Sphere

The article is devoted to the bioethical reconstruction of the theoretical heritage of Hans Jonas (1903-1993) – a famous German and later American philosopher. Jonas showed that the study of ethics, namely the ethics of the living, should become an integral part of the formation of modern human, his complete education. He was one of the most fascinating thinkers of the twentieth century. He has presented groundbreaking works which are still the subject of serious discussion especially in the areas of ethics and philosophy of nature. In these publications he presents an in-depth philosophical reflection on the relationship between human beings and nature, as well as on the manner in which we approach our association with technology. Particularly in the light of possibilities presented by modern technology, Jonas was primarily interested in a new approach to the philosophy of nature as the basis, the foundation for an ethics of global responsibility. The article re-actualizes the thoughts and arguments of Jonas, which are especially relevant now, at the beginning of the XXI century. These include: the technique change the nature itself, not just human's attitude to nature; the technical sciences change a human being, the mathematization of nature leads to a change not only in human evaluation, but also in human value; critique of epiphenomenalism for underestimating mental states and identifying the non-reducibility of living creatures to its parts; the search for the potential of subjectivity in the realm of living creatures as a whole; reliance on the principle of responsibility as a way to ensure a future humanity as guaranteed, albeit limited in its capabilities. Educating a person on the basis of the principle of responsibility opens the possibility to take into account the interests of future generations and all living creatures, understanding that every person always was, is and will be a part of realm of these creatures. The philosophy of nature as such whole realm creates the preconditions and foundations for the ethics of responsibility as a postconventional universalist ethics. A new way of thinking in nature is the basis of ethics in the technological age: in addition to philosophy and science, the voices of religion, politics, education and the public sphere must also be heard to find answers to current life questions.

The Role of Annual Reports in Ensuring Accountability

2018 ◽  
pp. 446-469
Author(s):  
Tolga Demirbas
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
The Public ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
New Type ◽  
Development Agencies

Regional development agencies (RDAs) are governance-based institutions that aim to help a specific region to socioeconomically develop by ensuring cooperation among the public sector, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations within that specific geographical region. In Turkey, which was not able to eliminate the regional differences via centralized policies, development agencies (DAs) were established as “the new-type organizations of public management” in the early 2000s. Taking part in regional development that is a vital area and not having a usual organization have increased the expectations from these agencies. Today, there is a great pressure on DAs concerning their accountability. The best way to understand the level of accountability of DAs that have an approximately 10-year history is to analyze the annual reports they have to announce to the public. This chapter carries out a content analysis on disclosure items in the annual reports of 25 DAs in Turkey and examines their level of accountability to their stakeholders.

scholarly journals Revised Subjects of the Current Korean Oriental Pharmacists' Licensing Examination

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Jong-Pil Lim ◽  
Seon-Pyo Hong ◽  
Young-Mi Lee ◽  
Hoon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Small Category ◽  
Job Description ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pharmacy Department ◽  
Licensing Examination ◽  
Laws And Regulations ◽  
Licensing Examinations

This study is designed to draw out new integrated subjects of the Korean Oriental Pharmacists??Licensing Examination (KOPLE). In 2004, for the revision of subjects, we have analyzed the curriculums of the Oriental Pharmacy department, the oriental pharmacist?占퐏 (OP?占퐏) job description book, and the elementary items of KOPLE. We also examined the system of the Chinese Herb Pharmacists??Examination and other health personnel licensing examinations and studied the data of items and compared them with KOPLE. We heard the public opinion on the present KOPLE. We developed a subfield of 18 subjects, a middle category of 188 items, and a small category of 1,026 items. We proposed a new KOPLE that consists of three subjects: basic oriental pharmacy, applied oriental pharmacy, and laws and regulations.

YALE PUBLIC HEALTH PERSONNEL RESEARCH PROJECT. THE PUBLIC HEALTH WORKER AND HIS JOB

1959 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
WILLIAM R. WILLARD ◽  
WILLIAM McC. HISCOCK ◽  
EDWARD M. COHART
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Worker
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