scholarly journals Comparison of two planting systems for several pear cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Sosna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Old Trees

Choice of orchard system is one of the major factors, on which pear crop size and quality depend. The purpose of this research was to assess the influence of two training systems involving trees trained to different number of leaders on growth, yield, and fruit quality of three pear cultivars. The study was conducted in 2001–2012 near Wrocław (south-western Poland). One-year-old trees of ‘Carola’, ‘Dicolor’ and ‘Erika’ cultivars on the Quince S1 rootstock were planted in the spring 2001 using 3.5 m between rows and a variable in-row spacing: 1.7 m (Drilling form with 3 leaders) and 1.2 m (Güttingen – V system with 1 leader). More vigorous growth was observed from more sparsely planted trees under the Drilling form. The total per-tree yield during 2002–2012 was decreasing as the planting density increased. No differences were observed on yield per hectare between the tested systems. The Drilling trees produced significantly heavier and larger fruit than the trees trained to the V-Güttingen system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TRAINING SYSTEM AND PLANTING DENSITY ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND FRUIT QUALITY OF YOUNG GRAPEVINES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637b-637
Author(s):  
Dong-Yong Choi ◽  
Seon-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Training System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Chenin Blanc

Two training systems(open lyre and Kniffin) with two planting densities(3.3 m × 1.5-1.1 m and 1.8 m × 1.5-1.1 m, R × V, respectively) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of fourteen grapes grafted to SO4. Cane pruning weights of vines grafted to SO4 rootstocks averaged 268.1 kg/10a. Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Clairette grapes had greater cane pruning weights. Pruning weights of vines trained to the Kniffin system with 1.8 m × 1.1 m spacing were greater. Fruit yields of young vines averaged 438.6 kg/10a, and SV 5276, Carignane, and Ugni Blanc grapes were more productive while Riesling, Grenache, Chenin Blanc, Muscat de Frontignan grapes were less productive. Yields of grapevines trained to the Kniffin system with 1.8 m × 1.1 m spacing were more productive. Fruit quality was less affected by training system and planting density, but significant varietal differences were recognized.

scholarly journals (320) Influence of Light Microclimate on the Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Apple

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037D-1038
Author(s):  
Zimian Niu ◽  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Jicheng Zhan ◽  
Curt Rom
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Old Trees

Influence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) microclimate in the canopy of four training systems [open-center with high trunk (OH); open-center with middle trunk (OM); open-center with low trunk (OL); and a traditional round canopy (RC)] on the growth, yield and fruit quality of apple were studied in the Beijing area. The results showed that: 1) the growth and yield potential were affected by canopy light microclimate. The average leaf chlorophyll content from OH, OM and OL systems was 12.3% to 18.1% greater than that from the RC system. Trees from OH, OM, and OL systems produced 84.2% to 89.7% of shoot forming flower clusters compared to only 47.3% to 50.9% of the RC shoots. Training system did not affect total yield of 8-year-old trees, but in 10-year-old trees the RC system had lower yields compared with open-center systems. 2) Fruit quality was also affected by canopy light microclimate. The average anthocyanin content in the skin of fruit from OH, OM, and OL systems was 35.9% to 46.1% higher than that from the RC system, but chlorophyll content from the OL system was higher than in the open-center systems. Meanwhile, the contents of TSS and esters in apple flesh from the open-center systems were significantly higher than that from the RC system. 3) When the relative value of PAR in canopy exceeded 33.8%, the growth index of trees (chlorophyll: return-bloom ratio) exceeded 66.6% and the fruit quality index (TSS × anthocyanin) exceeded 94.7%. When PAR was less than 20.6%, the growth index was under 37.2% and the fruit quality index was under 67.5%. PAR value was significantly correlated with the growth and fruit quality index in the four training systems, and the total canopy volume of higher PAR(exceeding 33.8%, relative value) from OH, OM, and OL systems was 37.1% to 45.0% greater than that from the RC system.

scholarly journals Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Hampson ◽  
Harvey A. Quamme ◽  
Robert T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Slender Spindle

In 1993, a planting of virus-free 'Royal Gala' apple (Malu×domestica Borkh.) on 'M.9' rootstock was established at Summerland, B.C., Canada, to determine whether angled-canopy training systems could improve orchard tree performance relative to slender spindles. The trees were trained in one of five ways: slender spindle (SS), Geneva Y-trellis (GY), a modified Solen training we called 'Solen Y-trellis' (SY), or V-trellis (LDV), all at the same spacing (1.2 m × 2.8 m), giving a planting density of 2976 trees/ha. In addition, a higher density (7143 trees/ha) version of the V-trellis (HDV) was planted to gauge the performance of this system at densities approaching those of local super spindle orchards. The plots were drip-irrigated and hand-thinned. No summer pruning was done. After 8 years, differences among training systems at the same density and spacing were small and few. The two Y-shaped training systems had 11% to 14% greater cumulative yield/ha than the SS, but did not intercept significantly more light at maturity. No consistent differences occurred in fruit size or the percentage of fruit with delayed color development among the four training systems at the same density. Relative to the LDV, the HDV yielded less per tree, but far more per hectare, particularly in the first 3 years. After 8 years, the cumulative yield/ha was still 65% greater than with LDV. Yield efficiency was unaffected by tree density. Fruit size on HDV ranked lowest among the systems nearly every year, but was still commercially acceptable. The HDV intercepted more light (73%) than SS (53%). The percentage of fruit with delayed color development in HDV was not significantly different from that for LDV in most years. The trees in HDV were difficult to contain within their allotted space without summer pruning. The substantially similar performance of all the training systems (at a given density, and with minimal pruning) suggests that cost and ease of management should be the decisive factors when choosing a tree training method.

scholarly journals Between-row spacing and local accession on the yield and quality of garlic

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal-Ali Olfati ◽  
Mohammad-Bagher Mahdieh-Najafabadi ◽  
Mohammad Rabiee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Stand

Garlic is primarily grown for its cloves used mostly as a food flavoring condiment. Previous studies carried out on plant density indicate its direct influence on yield. Plant density depends on the genotype, environmental factors, cultural practices, etc. This study was established to determine the effects of different between-row spacing on growth, yield, and quality of four local accession of garlic. It was laid out on two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during two years. Four local accession of garlic (Langroud, Tarom, Tabriz and Hamedan) were culture in three between-rows spacing (15, 25 and 35 cm) during two years. The results of two cultivated years were different. Plant density changed when garlic cultured with different between row spacing. In present research plant yield increased when the lower between row spacing and high plant density were used but the yield improvement occurring at increased plant stand is offset by the reduction in bulb size and some quality indices such as total phenol and antioxidant which severely affects quality and market value, when garlic is produced for fresh market.

scholarly journals Training Systems for Cold Climate Interspecific Hybrid Grape Cultivars in Northern Climate Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Wimmer ◽  
Beth Ann Workmaster ◽  
Amaya Atucha
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Fruit Composition

Training systems influence grapevine (Vitis sp.) size, shape, and canopy architecture, which ultimately affects yield and fruit composition. Cold climate interspecific hybrid grapes (CCIHG) have propelled the creation of a new and fast-growing grape and wine industry in the northeast and upper midwest of the United States. This study evaluated the effect of three training systems: high cordon (HC), midwire vertical shoot positioning (VSP), and modified Scott Henry (SH) on vine growth, yield, and fruit composition of four CCIHG cultivars, Brianna, Frontenac, La Crescent, and Marquette, during two growing seasons. The divided canopy training system SH increased the crop yield per meter of row in all cultivars relative to HC and VSP, despite reduction in crop size imposed by crop thinning in vines trained to SH. VSP-trained vines had lower yields compared with HC, and this was most evident during the second year of the study, as vines were still being trained when the study commenced. Despite the higher crop size associated with vines trained in a SH system, there were minimal differences in fruit soluble solid concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and pH at harvest time. No differences were observed in vine size, expressed as dormant cane pruning weights, among training systems possibly because of the control of vegetative vigor, especially in VSP-trained vines, through shoot positioning and summer pruning. CCIHG cultivars appear to have the capacity to support higher yields under SH and HC systems without compromising fruit quality; however, labor requirements involved in establishing and maintaining more complex training systems should be considered when selecting a training system for CCIHG cultivars.

scholarly journals YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND QUALITY OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHISHYPOGAEA L.) AS INFLUENCED BY INTER ROW SPACING AND WEEDING FREQUENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Biftu Umer Mohammed ◽  
Besufikad Enideg Getnet
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
South West Ethiopia

Proper planting density and weeding playan important role on proper growth, productivity and quality of crops. The present study was undertaken to evaluate effect of inter row spacing and weeding frequency for their phenologycal parameter, yield and yield component and quality parameter at Gambella University College of Agriculture and natural resource, South West Ethiopia. Four level of inter row spacing and four level of weeding frequency were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replication. The interaction effect of inter row spacing and weeding frequency showed significant variation both phenologycal performance yield and yield component as well as quality parameter. Among the treatment tested a combination of 70x10cm spacing with three times weeding registered 49.867cm of plant height. Early flowering 31.883 days maturity 136.693 days and high LAI 4.546 were observed on treatment combination of 40x10cm and zero weeding. In terms of yield and yield component, higher number of pod per plant 45.003, dry pod yield 2909.47 kg/h and seed yield 2360.15kg/ha were observed on 60x10spacing with two times weeding treatment combination. On the other hand, highest harvest index 28.41% was observed from three times weeding frequency. However, number of seed per pod shows none significant effect. Furthermore, interims of quality parameter oil content 32.483% were observed on three times weeding frequency and highest protein content 20.816% and 19.2833% were observed from three times weeding frequency and 70x10cm spacing respectively. Generally according to the result of the study spacing of 60x10cm with twice weeding at 10 days interval can be recommended for groundnut production in Gambella. However, this is one time and one location experiment therefore it should have to be repeated in different location and season to get reliable result.

scholarly journals Comparison of SHD and Open-Center Training Systems in Almond Tree Orchards cv. ‘Soleta’

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Marcos Figueras-Panillo ◽  
Ignasi Iglesias-Castellarnau ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Almond Tree ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Almond Cultivar

The increase in the demand for almonds, the development of novel self-fertile and late-flowering varieties, and the establishment of plantations in new irrigated areas have led to significant progress in the productive techniques of almond tree cultivation. One of the most important has been the increase in planting density, due to the development of dwarfing rootstocks. This paper presents a comparison between two training systems with ‘Soleta’ almond cultivar: a super high density (SHD) system using Rootpac-20 dwarfing rootstock versus an open-center training system using GF-677 rootstock. To this end, several parameters related to chlorophyll content (fluorescence and SPAD) and light interception (from photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements) were monitored throughout two vegetative cycles, and other productive conditions (flowering, fruit set and production) were tracked at specific times of the cycle. The open-center system resulted in higher PAR interception than the SHD system, but also in the presence of poorly illuminated fractions of the canopy. Differences were observed between both systems in terms of average fruit weight and yield per canopy volume. Lower yields were obtained in SHD system than in open-center, which may be significantly increased by adapting the inter-row spacing. However, the degree of efficiency in the use of resources or productive inputs, such as irrigation, was favorable to the new SHD training system, so its potential to become a reference system in modern plantations (using over-the-row harvesters similar to those used for vine and olive trees) seems promising.

scholarly journals The influence of rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar Cacanska rana

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Mirjana Radovic ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Djordje Boskov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency

The paper examines the influence of three clonal rootstocks ('Pixy', 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A') along with seedlings of Myrobalan (control) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar 'Cacanska Rana'. Research was conducted in the area of the Belgrade Danube basin for the six-year period (2013-2018). In comparison to control, all three clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of vigor expressed as a trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the 'Pixy' rootstock, then on 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Regarding the rootstocks 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A', significantly higher fruit set and yields were achieved in comparison to control. Clonal rootstocks induced an increase in the yield per hectare ranging from 72% to 93% compared to Myrobalan. The highest yield efficiency was found in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock, followed by the yields observed in the trees on the 'Pixy' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock. Rootstocks did not show any significant effect on the soluble solids and total acid contents of the fruit. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all three clonal rootstocks showed better results than Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density. The best results in terms of yield and fruit quality were obtained with the 'Fereley' rootstock.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document