scholarly journals Effect of pollen of different plant species on the oviposition of two phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) commonly found in citrus orchards in the Brazilian Amazonia

Acarologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Camila Tavares Ferreira ◽  
Cristiane Krug ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Citrus Orchards

The suitability of the use of pollen to foster the control of citrus pests by facilitating the maintenance of predatory mites in the area has been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pollen of 13 plant species commonly found in Manaus region (Brazilian Amazonia) on the oviposition of Amblyseius aerialis and Iphiseiodes zuluagai, phytoseiid species abundant in citrus orchards in that region. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions, using mostly pollen grains recently collected in the field. For comparison, a commercially available pollen (ECOPolen) and pollen obtained from two bee species were also included in the study. For about 65% of the evaluated pollen types, the average oviposition was low (less than 0.4 egg/female/day). These differed from other pollen types by the speculate wall (sunflower) or high hygroscopic property (Agave sp., Amaryllis sp., Citrus sinensis, Helianthus annuus and Turnera ulmifolia), or were collected by Apis mellifera. Highest oviposition levels of A. aerialis were obtained on pollen of Typha dominguensis, Elaeis guineensis, Cocos nucifera and the commercial pollen (1.9, 1.5, 0.9 and 0.9 eggs/female/day, respectively). For I. zuluagai, highest levels of oviposition were obtained on E. guineensis, C. nucifera, T. dominguensis, and Elaeis oleifera (1.6, 1.5, 1.2 and 0.9 egg/female/day, respectively). These results suggest that C. nucifera, E. guineensis and E. oleifera, found in the vicinity of citrus orchards in Manaus region, may play a role in maintaining predatory mite populations in such orchards. Complementary studies are needed to investigate the feasibility of maintaining those plants near orchards to increase the abundance of the predators.

scholarly journals The melissopalynological investigation in the Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shishira ◽  
A. R. Uthappa ◽  
Veeresh Kumar ◽  
Shringeshwara ◽  
G. C. Kuberappa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Dry Zone

AbstractMelissopalynology, the analysis of pollen grains present in honey, indicates about the pollen and nectar sources in a region utilized by bees, which is used to determine the bee floral resources and botanical origin of the honey. This study investigated the melissopalynological analysis of the honey samples from the Eastern Dry zone of Karnataka. 24 honey samples were examined based on pollen analyses, among them 14 samples were unifloral, rest were multifloral. The unifloral honey had pollens of Callistemon viminalis, Areca catechu, Citrus sp., Mallotus philippensis, Cocos nucifera, Eucalyptus sp., Ocimum sp., Moringa oleifera and Pongamia pinnata. Samples collected in October, November, December, and January were rich in pollens of Eucalyptus sp.. Similarly, samples collected in January, February and March had pollen of tree species viz., Swietenia mahagoni, Canthium parviflorum, Simarouba glauca, Eucalyptus sp., Moringa oleifera, Syzygium cumini, Tabebuia sp., Pongamia pinnata, Acanthaceae, Anacardium occidentale, Cocos nucifera, Areca catechu, Mallotus philippensis, Bauhinia variegata, Psidium guajava, Alangiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Ulmaceae, Capparis zeylanica, Convolvulaceae. GKVK-11 followed by GKVK-12 sample recorded the highest Shannon diversity and GKVK-9 followed by GKVK-7 sample recorded the least diversity. Based on the similar floral composition samples were classified into four clusters. The PCA revealed that most of the samples grouped into a single cluster, except 7, 19, 20, 21, and 22 which were placed away from the origin. The presence of pollen in the honey of a particular plant species during different months is related to the blooming of that particular plant species from which the bees forage. The flora of honey changes with the season. The diversity of pollen grains in honey varied with location to location. The present study provides scientific knowledge to the beekeepers by indicating important plants for the development of the regional apiculture, through the identification of pollen types.

Pollen viability and germination in Elaeis oleifera, Elaeis guineensis and their interspecific hybrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deysi Jhoana Camayo Mosquera ◽  
Daniel Gerardo Cayón Salinas ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Sucrose Medium

ABSTRACT Elaeis oleifera chromosomes are similar to those of E. guineensis, with close gene pools for the production of interspecific O x G hybrids. The pollen viability and germination of E. oleifera ‘Coarí’ and E. guineensis ‘La Mé’ were compared to their interspecific hybrid O x G (‘Coarí’ x ‘La Mé’). The pollen viability was determined by the acetocarmine staining method (0.5 %) and the pollen germination by in vitro incubation on agar-sucrose medium (1.2-11.0 g in 100 mL of distilled water). The pollen viability and germination of the ‘Coarí’ x ‘La Mé’ hybrid were significantly lower than those of their parents. The percentage of pollen viability by acetocarmine staining was higher than that of in vitro germination, indicating that not all pollen grains classified as viable germinated on the agar-sucrose medium. The pollen germination test is a more reliable indicator than the staining viability test, because the latter only reveals that the pollen contains the enzymes necessary to initiate germination, while the germination test determines the emission and development of the pollen tube.

Development of new marker methods—an example from oil palm

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Price ◽  
Alan H. Schulman ◽  
Sean Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Diversity Studies

AbstractThis paper reviews marker methods based on retrotransposons and illustrates examples from oil palm. Prior to this study, very little had been known about the repetitive DNA present in oil palm and no marker systems based on retrotransposons had been developed. Firstly, copia like retrotransposons of Elaeis oleifera, Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera were characterized by performing phylogenetic analyses on a portion of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of copia-like retrotransposons. The results identified three classes of copia-like retrotransposons in the three species studied. While the C-class RT sequences seemed to have amplified preferentially only in Elaeis guineensis, the classes A and B were present in Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera as well. Secondly, long terminal repeats (LTRs) from these retrotransposon classes were isolated as a prelude to developing a marker system in palm based on retrotransposons. The B- and C-class LTRs were isolated by primer walking from the RT region and the B-class from Elaeis oleifera and Cocos nucifera with the use of oil palm-specific RnaseH primers. The method has been developed and applied for breeding purposes in oil palm, hybrids between E. oleifera and E. guineensis and within the tribe Cocoeae. There is scope for the method to be used in the isolation of new retrotransposon families endogenous for each palm species and as an alternative to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in diversity studies within the Palmae.

scholarly journals Coconut genome assembly enables evolutionary analysis of palms and highlights signaling pathways involved in salt tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaodong Yang ◽  
Stéphanie Bocs ◽  
Haikuo Fan ◽  
Alix Armero ◽  
Luc Baudouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
History Of ◽  
Facultative Halophyte

AbstractCoconut (Cocos nucifera) is the emblematic palm of tropical coastal areas all around the globe. It provides vital resources to millions of farmers. In an effort to better understand its evolutionary history and to develop genomic tools for its improvement, a sequence draft was recently released. Here, we present a dense linkage map (8402 SNPs) aiming to assemble the large genome of coconut (2.42 Gbp, 2n = 32) into 16 pseudomolecules. As a result, 47% of the sequences (representing 77% of the genes) were assigned to 16 linkage groups and ordered. We observed segregation distortion in chromosome Cn15, which is a signature of strong selection among pollen grains, favouring the maternal allele. Comparing our results with the genome of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis allowed us to identify major events in the evolutionary history of palms. We find that coconut underwent a massive transposable element invasion in the last million years, which could be related to the fluctuations of sea level during the glaciations at Pleistocene that would have triggered a population bottleneck. Finally, to better understand the facultative halophyte trait of coconut, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment on leaves to identify key players of signaling pathways involved in salt stress response. Altogether, our findings represent a valuable resource for the coconut breeding community.

scholarly journals Pollen harvest features of the Central Amazonian bee Scaptotrigona fulvicutis Moure 1964 (Apidae: Meliponinae), in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Marques-Souza ◽  
Maria Lúcia Absy ◽  
Warwick Estevam Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Large Groups

Over a twelve-month period, pollen loads transported by Scaptotrigona fulvicutis Moure 1964 were collected from the workers corbiculae right after the hive entrance closure in an area of old secondary forest mixed with some exotic fruit trees and ornamentals. Once the pollen grains were identified, their monthly frequency in the samples and grouping by botanical family established that Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae and Sapindaceae were the most frequently visited. The workers harvested the pollen from 97 plant species distributed in 73 genera and 36 families, mostly: Stryphnodendron guianense (Aubl.) Benth. in April (57,37%) and Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Frodin in May (54,73%). The harvested pollen types abundance matrix showed that there was little species dissimilarity between the months, which resulted in the formation of two large groups.

scholarly journals Mite (Arachnida: Acari) diversity and abundance on oil palms in the central region of the Brazilian Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1736-1750
Author(s):  
Wilton Pires da Cruz ◽  
Cristiane Krug ◽  
Geraldo J.N. Vasconcelos ◽  
Gilberto J. de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
African Oil Palm

The African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., is the second oil producing plant most extensively cultivated worldwide. The American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés, is a similar species rarely planted for commercial oil production, but often used for the production of hybrids with the African oil palm. The objective of this work was to compare the mite fauna of different genotypes of the African and the American oil palms as well as of their hybrids. In total, three and five genotypes of the African and the American oil palms and two of their hybrids available at an experiment station in the central part of the Brazilian Amazonia (Campo Experimental Rio Urubu, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas State) were evaluated. Samples were collected in the wet (May 2012) and the dry (October, November 2013) seasons. On American oil palms, mite density was much higher in the wet than in the dry season, while on palms of other groups no significant differences were observed between seasons. Phytophagous mites corresponded to 91.1% of all mites found and Eriophyoidea was by far the most abundant group of these mites. Plant damage by this and other mite groups was not noticed. Mites of the family Tenuipalpidae, to which Raoiella indica Hirst belongs, were not found in this study. In previous studies, R. indica was reported to cause severe damage to several plant species. Phytoseiid species richness and diversities were also higher in the American oil palms than on palms of other groups. The phytoseiids Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker and Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon were the most abundant predators, the first almost exclusively on BR 174 and Coari, and the second, on Manicoré genotypes of the American oil palms. Phytoseiid diversity on hybrids was as low as on African oil palm genotypes in the dry season and lower than on other palm groups in the wet season.

Resources Collected by two Melipona Illiger, 1806 (Apidae: Meliponini) Species Based on Pollen Spectrum of Honeys from the Amazon Basin

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Rogério Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Alyne Daniele Alves Pimentel ◽  
Lizandra Ludgerio Nogueira ◽  
Vanessa Holanda Righetti de Abreu ◽  
Jaílson Santos de Novais
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Spectrum ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Homogeneous Pattern ◽  
Key Resources

This study aimed to identify the pollen grains found in honeys of Melipona (Michmelia) seminigra pernigra Moure & Kerr and Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta Latreille in two communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Lower Amazon (Pará, Brazil) between December 2016 and November 2017. Twenty-four samples of honey were processed, 12 samples from M. seminigra pernigra collected in the Suruacá community and 12 samples from M. interrupta in the Vila Franca community. After acetolysis, 103 pollen types were identified, distributed across 22 families, plus eight indeterminate types. Fifty-nine types were exclusive to M. seminigra pernigra, 29 types were exclusive to M. interrupta and 15 pollen types were shared between both species. Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Melastomataceae, and Myrtaceae were the most attractive pollen families, providing key resources for maintenance of these bee populations. The sharing of pollen types between both bee species revealed a high similarity in preference for certain resources. M. seminigra showed greater diversity (H’ = 1.928) than M. interrupta (H’ = 1.292). Furthermore, the diversity (H’) and equitability (J’) indexes showed a more homogeneous pattern in the pollen spectrum of honeys from M. seminigra in most months studied. These data suggest that meliponiculturists should consider the diversity of plant species found in the two communities and keep them close to the meliponary, which will favor honey management and production, as well as the local biodiversity.

VEGETATIVE AND BUNCH COMPONENTS OF FIRST PSEUDOBACKCROSS OF Elaeis oleifera BRAZIL AND SURINAME ORIGIN IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽  
Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi ◽  
Retno Diah Setiowati ◽  
Edy Suprianto
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Hybrid Cross

An Attempt to combine the superior traits of Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis have been done through an interspecific hybrid cross and followed by pseudo-backcross 1 (pBC1). Observation of vegetative morphology and bunch components are presented in this paper. Two populations of pBC1 E. oleifera from the Suriname and Brazil origin were planted in 1990, 1993, 1995, and 2005, and were intensively observed for vegetative morphological properties and bunch components in November 2016 to February 2018. The results showed that almost all the individuals of pBC1 grew upright such as E. guineensis, no longer growing horizontally like the wild E. oleifera and the interspecific hybrid populations. The datas showed that the Suriname population plant architecture are compact or smaller than the Brazilian origin including the height increment and the size of the stem, the frond architecture and its components. Similarly, the bunch components show that the pBC1 Brazil is slightly superior to Suriname pBC1.

Crude palm oil from interspecific hybrid Elaeis oleifera×Elaeis guineensis: Fatty acid regiodistribution and molecular species of glycerides

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Mozzon ◽  
Deborah Pacetti ◽  
Paolo Lucci ◽  
Michele Balzano ◽  
Natale Giuseppe Frega
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

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