Contact Avoidance toward People with Stigmatized Attributes: Mate Choice

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Kawano ◽  
Takashi Hanari ◽  
Kimio Ito
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
University Students ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand

If contact avoidance is used to avoid harmful people, then this can play an important role when people choose a spouse, by eliminating undesirable people from the list of candidates. The purpose of this study was to reveal the sex difference in contact avoidance toward people with stigmatic attributes, who are therefore disadvantaged as spouse candidates. A total of 228 university students (101 men, 127 women) participated in the survey. Seven types of men and women with stigmatic characteristics were presented and the respondents asked how much they wanted to avoid contact with each type of person in eight physical contact situations. Female respondents wanted to avoid contact with stigmatized men more than with stigmatized women. On the other hand, male respondents showed comparable responses to both stigmatized men and women. The results were considered from the perspective of mate selection based on evolutionary psychology.

scholarly journals Egalitarian men: stereotypes and discrimination in the labor market

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-147
Author(s):  
Hyalle Abreu Viana ◽  
Ana Raquel Rosas Torres ◽  
José Luis Álvaro Estriamana
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Do So

This article aimed to analyze the stereotypes attributed to "egalitarian men", understood here as men who support gender equality in relation to domestic and family responsibilities as well as inclusion in the workforce. To do so, two studies were carried out. The first study investigated the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian men through a single open question. A total of 250 university students participated in this study, of which 51.1% were male, and their average age was 21.5 years (SD = 4.39). The second study analyzed the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian or traditional men and women in a work context considered masculine. Participants included 221 university students with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD = 4.19), the majority (54.3%) being male. Taken together, the results of the two studies indicate that the egalitarian man is perceived as fragile and possibly homosexual. On the other hand, he is also seen as being more competent than traditional men.

scholarly journals Egalitarian men: stereotypes and discrimination in the labor market

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-147
Author(s):  
Hyalle Abreu Viana ◽  
Ana Raquel Rosas Torres ◽  
José Luis Álvaro Estriamana
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Do So

This article aimed to analyze the stereotypes attributed to "egalitarian men", understood here as men who support gender equality in relation to domestic and family responsibilities as well as inclusion in the workforce. To do so, two studies were carried out. The first study investigated the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian men through a single open question. A total of 250 university students participated in this study, of which 51.1% were male, and their average age was 21.5 years (SD = 4.39). The second study analyzed the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian or traditional men and women in a work context considered masculine. Participants included 221 university students with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD = 4.19), the majority (54.3%) being male. Taken together, the results of the two studies indicate that the egalitarian man is perceived as fragile and possibly homosexual. On the other hand, he is also seen as being more competent than traditional men.

Gender and Social Exclusion in European Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 658-676
Author(s):  
Marlou Schrover
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
European Migration

This chapter discusses social exclusion in European migration from a gendered and historical perspective. It discusses how from this perspective the idea of a crisis in migration was repeatedly constructed. Gender is used in this chapter in a dual way: attention is paid to differences between men and women in (refugee) migration, and to differences between men and women as advocates and claim makers for migrant rights. There is a dilemma—recognized mostly for recent decades—that on the one hand refugee women can be used to generate empathy, and thus support. On the other hand, emphasis on women as victims forces them into a victimhood role and leaves them without agency. This dilemma played itself out throughout the twentieth century. It led to saving the victims, but not to solving the problem. It fortified rather than weakened the idea of a crisis.

scholarly journals Det globale gymet - Manligt og kvinnligt i simulakrats tidsålder

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Johansson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
The One ◽  
Body Ideals

The article deals with the gender ideals cultivated within contemporary fitness and gym culture - in particular the paradoxical features of this culture. On the one hand, traditional gender ideals are maintained and strengthened; on the other hand, there is a development towards an androgynous ideal. The hard and "perfect" body is gradually becoming a dial for both men and women. Men as well as women are facinated by this sculptured and well-trained body. Thus the gym and fitness culture contributes to changes in and a more reflexive attitude towards gender and body ideals.

Sex, Survival, and Scandal: A Comparison of How Men and Women Exit Presidential Cabinets

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 665-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon ◽  
Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Policy Failures

The process of selecting cabinet ministers often takes place behind closed doors, including weighing the need to balance or manage factions within the president's party and/or coalition partners; addressing demands for diversity in the cabinet, such as appointment of women or other historically underrepresented groups; sending signals about the administration's policy agenda; and enabling the president to have people he or she trusts close at hand. On the other hand, ministerial exits are usually less private affairs. In some cases they come after weeks of public or congressional scrutiny and criticism of ministers for policy failures or follow extended speculation about who will lose their seat when the president reshuffles the cabinet. Some ministers depart to pursue lucrative private-sector opportunities. Other ministers switch posts but stay in government. How ministers exit can have implications for the administration since a president who is frequently forced to shuffle the cabinet or sack ministers looks ineffective, and comparisons to rats and sinking ships are difficult to avoid in the wake of excessive changes. At the same time, an administration with zero turnover may also not be healthy, as it would suggest that presidents are staidly bound to their initial course of action and unable (or unwilling) to adapt to changing circumstances.

Furcht und Freude in der Bibel: Emotionale Ambivalenz im Lichte der Religionspsychologie

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
Gerd Theissen
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Emotional Ambivalence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Conditio Humana ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

It is a modern conviction that religion and emotion belong together. It would be an anachronism to presuppose a priori such a connection in pre-modern times. The article shows that the definition of religious experience as mysterium fascinosum et tremendum (R.Otto) is not anachronistic. Biblical texts express an emotional ambivalence of fear and joy when speaking on God. On the one hand, we may explain this ambivalence with the help of evolutionary psychology as part of the universal conditio humana; on the other hand, fear and joy are culturally and historically conditioned. The article gives a sketch of the history and diversity of these emotions in biblical texts and underlines the connection between emotions and rituals.

The Evolution of Aesthetics and Beauty

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Zaidel
Keyword(s):  
Mate Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Ancestry

For over two millennia philosophical discussions tied aesthetics mainly to art and led to meager insights, if any, into why humans experience aesthetic reactions. Current scientific discussions on the issue, on the other hand, have turned to biology, evolution, and neuroscience. They link aesthetics with beauty in art, faces, scenery, and a variety of other sources. The biology of beauty is now viewed as having roots that extend far into the human ancestry, specifically to animal mate selection strategies. This chapter traces and explains the biological role in the human beauty response and its usefulness in various domains of human interactions.

Response Differentiation in Infants: A Sex Difference in Learning

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vietze ◽  
Martha Foster ◽  
Steven Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Operant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Response Differentiation ◽  
Baseline Levels

A visual stimulus was made contingent upon free-operant directional head turns in 10-wk.-old infants. Male infants significantly increased their rate of head turns to the rewarded side while rate of turns in the nonrewarded direction did not change from baseline levels. Female infants, on the other hand, did not demonstrate conditioning. The finding of a significant sex difference in response differentiation is discussed in terms of previous research which suggests that sex differences in conditionability may be a function of mode of reinforcement.

Effects of Hand Preference on the Sex Difference in Psychomotor Reminiscence

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Wild ◽  
R. B. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reactive Inhibition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Inhibition Theory

Psychomotor reminiscence was investigated in 80 young adults as a function of sex, handedness, and hand employed in practice. Women reminisced more than men when practice was conducted with the preferred hand but not when it was conducted with the other hand. Hand preference was not a significant factor in men's reminiscence. Results were discussed within the context of reactive inhibition theory.

Cognitive Strategy and Ability in Endurance Activities

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Antonini-Philippe ◽  
Eric Reynes ◽  
Gérard Bruant
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Method Of Measurement

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether elite athletes utilize associative strategies and, on the other hand, if nonelite athletes prefer to use dissociative strategies. 60 athletes were interviewed and the Schomer's 1986 method of measurement was used to measure association and dissociation. Analysis showed no significant differences in the total associative and dissociative scores among the three different abilities. However, a significant difference was found concerning the use of dissociative strategy between men and women.

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