Behavioral Changes in Rats following Bufotenine Injection

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Winocur ◽  
S. P. Bagchi ◽  
Joseph D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Response Decrement ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Sensory Processes

A time sampling procedure was used to observe the behavioral effects of IP bufotenine injection in the rat. The results indicated an attenuation of locomotor activity which varied directly as a function of drug dosage. In addition, all response components typically associated with a general activity pattern were selectively affected by bufotenine. Interpretation of the response decrement in terms of a generalized motor loss was not supported by other aspects of the data. Evidence suggesting that behavioral changes following bufotenine treatment are due to a disruption of sensory processes was discussed.

scholarly journals Clinical, behavioral and antinociceptive effects of crotalphine in horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-699
Author(s):  
Erica Cristina Bueno do Prado Guirro ◽  
João Henrique Perotta ◽  
Márcio de Paula ◽  
Yara Cury ◽  
Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Analgesic Peptide ◽  
Scapular Region

ABSTRACT: Crotalphine is a novel analgesic peptide that acts on kappa opioid and delta receptors, causing powerful analgesia in rats submitted to inflammatory, neuropathic or oncologic models of pain. This study evaluated clinical, behavioral and antinociceptive effects caused by crotalphine in horses, employing 18 Arabian horses and it was divided in three phases. In Phase I, "clinical and behavioral effects", crotalphine did not change the latency to urinate and defecate; did not modify the values of cardiac or respiratory rates, intestinal motility and rectal temperature; and did not cause significant ataxia, head, eye and lip ptosis. In Phase II, "antinociceptive effect on intact skin at scapular or ischial region", crotalphine did not cause significant analgesia. In Phase III, "antinociceptive effect on incised skin at scapular or ischial region", crotalphine promoted effective antinociceptive effects for six hours and inhibited hyperalgesia state for three days in the ischial region of horses submitted to incisional model of inflammatory pain, but crotalphine did not evoke relevant analgesic effect on the scapular region. Concluding, intravenous injection of a single dose of crotalphine (3.8ngkg-1) did not cause important clinical or behavioral changes and promotes antinociceptive effect on incised ischial region for seven days in horses. Moreover, crotalphine did not evoke relevant anti nociceptive effect on the scapular region or in intact skin of horses.

Behavioral Effects of Low plus Lenses

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Larrabee ◽  
Franklin Ross Jones
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the relationship between the application of low plus reading lenses and the improvement of performance at a child's near working distance. 11 school-aged subjects were selected at random, screened for their ability to accept low plus lenses, then given a paper-and-pencil task to perform both with and without the plus lenses. Statistically significant behavioral changes were associated with wearing the low plus-power reading lenses while performing the near paper-and-pencil task.

scholarly journals Adult female rats' altered diurnal locomotor activity pattern following chronic methylphenidate treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1717-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Trinh ◽  
S. R. Kohllepel ◽  
P. B. Yang ◽  
K. D. Burau ◽  
N. Dafny
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Female Rats

scholarly journals Interactions Between Opioids and Dextroamphetamine on Locomotor Activity: Influence of an Opioid's Relative Efficacy at the Mu Receptor

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Smith ◽  
Shannon L. Ballard ◽  
Clarise F. Ballesteros ◽  
Samantha A. Bonge ◽  
Alexander T. Casimir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Kappa Agonist ◽  
Mu Receptor ◽  
Opioid Receptor Antagonists

Opioids and stimulants are often used in combination for both recreational and non-recreational purposes. High-efficacy mu opioid agonists generally increase the behavioral effects of stimulants, whereas opioid receptor antagonists generally attenuate the behavioral effects of stimulants; however, less is known regarding the interactions between stimulants and opioids possessing low to intermediate efficacy at the mu receptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of an opioid's relative efficacy at the mu receptor in altering the behavioral effects of dextro(d-)amphetamine. To this end, opioids possessing a range of relative efficacy at the mu receptor were examined alone and in combination with cumulative doses of d-amphetamine on a test of open-field, locomotor activity in male rats. Levorphanol, buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, (-)-pentazocine, (-)-metazocine, (-)-cyclazocine, (-)-NANM, and nalorphine increased the locomotor effects of d-amphetamine in either an additive or greater-than-additive manner according to an effect-additive model. Only the selective, high-efficacy kappa agonist, spiradoline, and the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, failed to increase the effects of d-amphetamine under the conditions examined. These data indicate that opioids possessing a large range of relative efficacy at the mu receptor, including those possessing very low relative efficacy, significantly increase the locomotor effects of d-amphetamine.

The Effects of a Student-Operated Business Curriculum on the On-Task Behavior of Students with Behavioral Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Mcwhirter ◽  
Lisa A. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Business Curriculum ◽  
School Class ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
On Task Behavior

This study examined the effects of a student-operated business curriculum on the on-task behavior of three students with behavioral disorders in a self-contained middle school class. An ABAB design was employed to determine the effects of the intervention. Data were collected using a one-minute time-sampling procedure. Results indicated a functional relationship between the student-operated business curriculum and time on task in mathematics.

scholarly journals Hyperleptinemia During Pregnancy Decreases Adult Weight of Offspring and Is Associated With Increased Offspring Locomotor Activity in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 3777-3790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Pollock ◽  
Damaiyah Stevens ◽  
Kathleen A. Pennington ◽  
Rose Thaisrivongs ◽  
Jennifer Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Increased Risk

Pregnant women who are obese or have gestational diabetes mellitus have elevated leptin levels and their children have an increased risk for child and adult obesity. The goals of this study were to determine whether offspring weights are altered by maternal hyperleptinemia, and whether this occurs via behavioral changes that influence energy balance. We used 2 hyperleptinemic mouse models. The first was females heterozygous for a leptin receptor mutation (DB/+), which were severely hyperleptinemic, and that were compared with wild-type females. The second model was wild-type females infused with leptin (LEP), which were moderately hyperleptinemic, and were compared with wild-type females infused with saline (SAL). Total food consumption, food preference, locomotor activity, coordinated motor skills, and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in wild-type offspring from each maternal group at 3 postnatal ages: 4–6, 11–13, and 19–21 weeks. Half the offspring from each group were then placed on a high-fat diet, and behaviors were reassessed. Adult offspring from both groups of hyperleptinemic dams weighed less than their respective controls beginning at 23 weeks of age, independent of diet or sex. Weight differences were not explained by food consumption or preference, because female offspring from hyperleptinemic dams tended to consume more food and had reduced preference for palatable, high-fat and sugar, food compared with controls. Offspring from DB/+ dams were more active than offspring of controls, as were female offspring of LEP dams. Maternal hyperleptinemia during pregnancy did not predispose offspring to obesity, and in fact, reduced weight gain.

scholarly journals Blockade of Serotonin 2C Receptors with SB-242084 Moderates Reduced Locomotor Activity and Rearing by Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Antagonist AM-251

Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emese Bogáthy ◽  
Diana Kostyalik ◽  
Peter Petschner ◽  
Szilvia Vas ◽  
Gyorgy Bagdy
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cb1 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cb1 Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Sb 242084

The endocannabinoid and serotonin (5-HT) systems have key roles in the regulation of several physiological functions such as motor activity and food intake but also in the development of psychiatric disorders. Here we tested the hypothesis, whether blockade of serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptors prevents the reduced locomotor activity and other behavioral effects caused by a cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist. As a pretreatment, we administered SB-242084 (1 mg/kg, ip.), a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist or vehicle (VEH) followed by the treatment with AM-251 (5 or 10 mg/kg, ip.), a CB1 receptor antagonist or VEH. The effects of the two drugs alone or in co-administration were investigated in social interaction (SI) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests in male Wistar rats. Our results show that AM-251 decreased the time spent with rearing in the SI test and decreased locomotor activity in EPM test. In contrast, SB-242084 produced increased locomotor activity in SI test and evoked anxiolytic-like effect in both SI and EPM tests. When applied the drugs in combination, these behavioral effects of AM-251 were moderated by SB-242084. Based on these findings, we conclude that certain unwanted behavioral effects of CB1 receptor antagonists could be prevented by pretreatment with 5-HT2C receptor antagonists.

scholarly journals Attention can be subdivided into neurobiological components corresponding to distinct behavioral effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26187-26194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Zhihao Luo ◽  
John H. R. Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Complex Term ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Attention is a common but highly complex term associated with a large number of distinct behavioral and perceptual phenomena. In the brain, attention-related changes in neuronal activity are observed in widespread structures. The many distinct behavioral and neuronal phenomena related to attention suggest that it might be subdivided into components corresponding to distinct biological mechanisms. Recent neurophysiological studies in monkeys have isolated behavioral changes related to attention along the 2 indices of signal detection theory and found that these 2 behavioral changes are associated with distinct neuronal changes in different brain areas. These results support the view that attention is made up of distinct neurobiological mechanisms.

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