An Evaluation of Rational-Emotive Imagery as a Component of Rational-Emotive Therapy in the Treatment of Test Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Hymen ◽  
Ricks Warren
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rational Emotive Therapy ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Treatment Time

This study evaluated the efficacy of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy in reduction of college students' test anxiety. 11 volunteers met for 6 1-hr. group treatment sessions over a 3-wk. period. After 2 initial treatment sessions subjects were randomly assigned to groups given either rational-emotive therapy with rational-emotive imagery or rational-emotive therapy without imagery. Contrary to predictions, improvement between groups on self-report and performance measures was nonsignificant. Failure to obtain differences was attributed to similarities in content of treatment sessions and short treatment time. Combined groups reported significant improvement on all dependent measures. Although the study did not yield the predicted benefits of the imagery, results lend further support to the efficacy of rational-emotive therapy procedures in the reduction of test anxiety.

Treatment of Test Anxiety by Applied Relaxation and Cue-Controlled Relaxation

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy A. Barrios ◽  
Earl J. Ginter ◽  
Joseph J. Scalise ◽  
Francis G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Applied Relaxation ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
And Performance

Several procedures have been used to produce relaxation and thus reduce test anxiety. The purpose of this study was to compare three types of treatment of test anxiety: applied relaxation, cognitive cue-controlled relaxation, and conditioned cue-controlled relaxation. Also, cognitive and conditioning explanations for the two cue-controlled treatments were explored Subjects were female undergraduates ( N = 18) scoring in the upper 15% of the distribution of 1,055 students completing the Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale. Pre- and post-treatment scores on several self-report and performance measures of anxiety were used to evaluate the efficiency of each technique. Most statistically significant changes were obtained in the applied relaxation group. No significant differences were found between the two cue-controlled procedures used in the study. Recommendations concerning future investigations are discussed; specific procedural modifications for future studies are outlined.

Physical Functioning: Self-Report and Performance Measures Are Related but Distinct

Spine ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 2407-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriët Wittink ◽  
William Rogers ◽  
Andrew Sukiennik ◽  
Daniel B. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
And Performance

Relationship between Self-Report and Performance Measures of Function: A Systematic Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Coman ◽  
Julie Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Similar Assessment

ABSTRACTThe authors conducted a systematic review of studies examining correlations between assessments of function obtained using self-report and those obtained using performance-based measures for community-dwelling older adults.METHODSArticles for this review were identified using electronic searching in MEDLINE, CINHAL, and AGELINE and hand-searching techniques. Two reviewers selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the data.RESULTSSeventeen studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Correlations between self-report and performance ranged from −0.72 to 0.60. Sixty per cent of the studies compared self-report instruments measuring disability with performance measures addressing functional limitations. In studies that assessed the same functional tasks and functional limitations using the two methods, the correlation varied between 0.60 and 0.86.CONCLUSIONWhen the construct measured by the two methods was the same, the correlations were moderate to large and, therefore, measurement of functional limitations by self-report or performance probably reflected a similar assessment of function.

Test Anxiety in Girls and Boys: A Clinical—Developmental Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret K. Warren ◽  
Thomas H. Ollendick ◽  
Neville J. King
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Academic Grades ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
High Test

A large sample of children and adolescents were screened for test anxiety using the Test Attitude Inventory (Spielberger, 1980). Subjects with low and high test anxiety were then compared on self-report measures of trait anxiety, depression, and fear and then asked to report their thoughts and level of distress following an imagined test. Academic grades and performance on standardised achievement and ability tests were also obtained. High test-anxious children and adolescents reported higher levels of trait anxiety, depression, and fear as well as greater distress and cognitive interference during the imagined test. They also obtained lower grades and performed more poorly on the standardised measures. Age effects moderated these findings. Discussion focuses on the clinical and developmental implications of the findings.

High-pressure cation-exchange treatment of a ZSM-5 zeolite

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2416-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijie Han ◽  
Yu Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Short Treatment Time ◽  
Exchange Technique

Under ambient pressure, an aqueous solution may not enter the nanopores of a hydrophobic ZSM-5 zeolite, which imposes difficulties to cation-exchange treatment. In the current study, a high-pressure cation-exchange technique is developed. With a relatively short treatment time, the degree of hydrophobicity is significantly increased.

scholarly journals Quantifying Self-Report Measures' Overestimation of Mobility Scores Postarthroplasty

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Stratford ◽  
Deborah M. Kennedy ◽  
Monica R. Maly ◽  
Norma J. MacIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Background Self-reports of function may systematically overestimate the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of systematic differences in Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale (WOMAC-PF) scores before and after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) by referencing the values to Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distances and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) times. Design This study was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Methods The LEFS, WOMAC, 6MWT, and TUG were administered to 85 patients prearthroplasty and once at 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Regression analysis was applied using a robust error term for clustered data. With the self-report measures as dependent variables and performance measures, occasion (prearthroplasty or postarthroplasty), and performance measure-by-occasion as independent variables, 3 propositions were examined: (1) the relationship between self-report and performance measures is identical prearthroplasty and postarthroplasty (ie, regression lines are coincident); (2) the relationship differs between occasions, but is consistent (ie, regression lines are parallel); (3) the relationship is not consistent (ie, the regression lines are not parallel). Results For all analyses, the results supported the second proposition (ie, the relationship differed between occasions, but was consistent). The systematic differences varied by location of arthroplasty, but were similar for both performance tests. For the LEFS, the difference was approximately 11 points for patients who received TKA and 13 points for patients who received THA. For the WOMAC-PF, the difference was approximately 12 points for patients who received TKA and 19 points for patients who received THA. These differences exceed the minimal clinically important change for an individual patient. Limitations The findings are specific to 9 to 13 weeks postarthroplasty. Conclusion Dependence on scores of self-report measures alone, without knowledge of the magnitude of the identified systematic differences, will result in overestimating the ability of patients to move around postarthroplasty.

Comparison of Self-Report and Performance Measures of Attention

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Turner ◽  
Lunell Gilliland
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Interpersonal Style ◽  
And Performance

The attentional scales of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style were correlated with performance measures of attention, the Digit Span and Block Design subtests of the WAIS. Of the 24 correlations computed only one was statistically significant. The need for the construct validity of these scales to be established against some behavioral measure of attentional focus was emphasized.

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