Test Anxiety in Girls and Boys: A Clinical—Developmental Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret K. Warren ◽  
Thomas H. Ollendick ◽  
Neville J. King
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Academic Grades ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
High Test

A large sample of children and adolescents were screened for test anxiety using the Test Attitude Inventory (Spielberger, 1980). Subjects with low and high test anxiety were then compared on self-report measures of trait anxiety, depression, and fear and then asked to report their thoughts and level of distress following an imagined test. Academic grades and performance on standardised achievement and ability tests were also obtained. High test-anxious children and adolescents reported higher levels of trait anxiety, depression, and fear as well as greater distress and cognitive interference during the imagined test. They also obtained lower grades and performed more poorly on the standardised measures. Age effects moderated these findings. Discussion focuses on the clinical and developmental implications of the findings.

scholarly journals Can Attitudes toward Statistics and Statistics Anxiety Explain Students’ Performance? // ¿Pueden las actitudes hacia la estadística y la ansiedad estadística explicar el rendimiento de los estudiantes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Sesé ◽  
Rafael Jiménez ◽  
Juan José Montaño ◽  
Alfonso Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Statistics Anxiety ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Attitudes Toward Statistics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Predictor

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between math background, trait anxiety, test anxiety, statistics anxiety, attitudes toward statistics and statistics performance in a sample of 472 university students enrolled in statistics courses of Health Sciences majors. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach showed the attitudes as the stronger direct predictor of performance, and played a full mediating role on the relationship between statistics anxiety and performance. Contrary to hypothesized, the direct contribution of math background, trait anxiety, and test anxiety to performance was non-significant. A final model posited that performance was positively and directly affected by attitudes, and in turn attitudes were positively influenced by math background and negatively affected by anxiety. Math background also appeared as negative predictor of anxiety. Finally, test anxiety was a positively direct predictor of statistics anxiety.

scholarly journals ANSIEDAD ESCOLAR INFANTOJUVENIL: UNA REVISIÓN DE AUTOINFORMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Aitana Fernández-Sogorb ◽  
Mª Isabel Gómez-Núñez ◽  
María Vicent ◽  
M.P. Aparicio-Flores ◽  
David Aparisi-Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
School Anxiety ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Children’S Anxiety

Abstract.CHILD AND YOUTH SCHOOL ANXIETY: A REVIEW OF SELF-REPORTSSchool anxiety is a set of cognitive, motor and psychophysiological responses emitted by a person in school situations that are perceived as a threat. The research objectives of this study were two. The first one was to describe school anxiety self-reports that have been elaborated and/or validated between 2005 and 2015: School Anxiety Inventory, School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version, Children’s Anxiety in Math Scale, and Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents. The second aim was to analyze the reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and validity (factorial structure) of the inventories and the scale mentioned above. Results suggest that the psychometric properties of these instruments are suitable. Therefore, these can be used by clinical and educational professionals to assess the school anxiety of children and adolescents.Key words: school anxiety, childhood, adolescence, assessment, self-report..Resumen.La ansiedad escolar es el conjunto de reacciones cognitivas, motoras y psicofisiolóficas emitidas por una persona ante situaciones del ámbito escolar que son percibidas como una amenaza. Los objetivos de investigación de este trabajo fueron dos. El primero de ellos fue describir los autoinformes de ansiedad escolar que han sido elaborados y/o validados entre el año 2005 y el 2015: Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar, School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version, Children’s Anxiety in Math Scale y Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents. El segundo propósito consistió en analizar la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) y validez (estructura factorial) de los inventarios y de la escala mencionados antes. Los resultados sugieren que las propiedades psicométricas de estos instrumentos son adecuadas. Por tanto, pueden ser usados por profesionales clínicos y educativos para evaluar la ansiedad escolar de niños y adolescentes.Palabras clave: ansiedad escolar, infancia, adolescencia, evaluación, autoinforme.

scholarly journals The Association Between Psychological Symptoms and Self-Reported Temporomandibular Disorders Pain Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Al-Khotani ◽  
Dalia E. Meisha ◽  
Samaa Al Sayegh ◽  
Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson ◽  
Malin Ernberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Several studies have reported an association between temporomandibular disorder pain (TMD-P) and emotional disorders in children and adolescents. However, no studies have reported if self-reported TMD-P in Saudi Arabia is associated with psychosocial symptoms. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the association between self-reported TMD-P with depression, anxiety and somatic problems in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. The hypothesis was that there is an association between self-reported TMD-P and psychological symptoms among children and adolescents.Materials and Methods: The included participants were randomly selected boys and girls aged between 10 and 18 years, with a mean (SD) age of 14.0 (2.3) years. Out of 633 children and adolescents that were invited to participate, 509 voluntarily agreed to participate, and 466 completed all questionnaires. The questionnaires included items retrieved from the Youth Self Report (YSR) and Axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) besides demographic data, medical history, and presence of oral parafunctions. To assess the presence of self-reported TMD-Pain, each participant was verbally asked two validated questions regarding the presence of TMD-P and dysfunction (2Q-TMD).Results: Self-reported TMD-P in children and adolescents was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and social problems (P < 0.0001). Further, the frequencies of anxiety, depression, and somatic disorders were more evident among children and adolescents who suffered from TMD-P (P < 0.0001). The odds of reporting TMD-P in children and adolescents was 1.4 times for border line and clinical diagnosis scores for anxiety and withdrawal depression domains, and 2.6 times for the somatic symptoms' domains. However, in the multiple regression model after controlling for possible confounders, only somatic symptoms and social scores were significant. Moreover, self-reported TMD-P was twice as prevalent among girls compared to boys.Conclusion: This study reports a significant association between psychosocial burden and presence of self-reported TMD-Pain, with a stronger impact on girls than boys. There were significantly higher number of participants with self-reported TMD-P reporting a poor oral and general health. In addition, self-reported TMD-P was higher among those with borderline and clinically diagnosed anxiety/depression scores. Based on this finding, the current study supports that an early approach and recognition of children and adolescents with anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and TMD problems. This could result in a lesser burden for these children and adolescents both in regard to pain and psychosocial implications with increased quality of life.

Treatment of Test Anxiety by Applied Relaxation and Cue-Controlled Relaxation

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy A. Barrios ◽  
Earl J. Ginter ◽  
Joseph J. Scalise ◽  
Francis G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Applied Relaxation ◽  
Anxiety Behavior ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
And Performance

Several procedures have been used to produce relaxation and thus reduce test anxiety. The purpose of this study was to compare three types of treatment of test anxiety: applied relaxation, cognitive cue-controlled relaxation, and conditioned cue-controlled relaxation. Also, cognitive and conditioning explanations for the two cue-controlled treatments were explored Subjects were female undergraduates ( N = 18) scoring in the upper 15% of the distribution of 1,055 students completing the Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale. Pre- and post-treatment scores on several self-report and performance measures of anxiety were used to evaluate the efficiency of each technique. Most statistically significant changes were obtained in the applied relaxation group. No significant differences were found between the two cue-controlled procedures used in the study. Recommendations concerning future investigations are discussed; specific procedural modifications for future studies are outlined.

An Evaluation of Rational-Emotive Imagery as a Component of Rational-Emotive Therapy in the Treatment of Test Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Hymen ◽  
Ricks Warren
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rational Emotive Therapy ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Treatment Time

This study evaluated the efficacy of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy in reduction of college students' test anxiety. 11 volunteers met for 6 1-hr. group treatment sessions over a 3-wk. period. After 2 initial treatment sessions subjects were randomly assigned to groups given either rational-emotive therapy with rational-emotive imagery or rational-emotive therapy without imagery. Contrary to predictions, improvement between groups on self-report and performance measures was nonsignificant. Failure to obtain differences was attributed to similarities in content of treatment sessions and short treatment time. Combined groups reported significant improvement on all dependent measures. Although the study did not yield the predicted benefits of the imagery, results lend further support to the efficacy of rational-emotive therapy procedures in the reduction of test anxiety.

Competence Perceptions and Sources of Worry in High, Medium, and Low Competitive Trait-Anxious Young Athletes

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brustad Portland ◽  
Maureen R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Competence Motivation ◽  
And Performance

This study examined the relationship between cognitive appraisal processes and the affective characteristics of youth sport involvement using Harter's competence motivation theory as a framework. Specifically, the present study extended Passer's (1983) research on patterns of competitive trait anxiety (CTA) in young male soccer players by including female athletes and athletes involved in different sports. Boy baseball players (N = 55) and girl softball players (N = 58) completed self-report measures of CTA, self-esteem, perceived physical competence, and frequency of evaluative and performance-related worries about athletic competition. Multivariate analyses revealed that high-CTA boys reported lower levels of self-esteem and more frequent worries about their performance than did their less anxious counterparts. For the girls, no significant relationships were found between levels of competitive trait anxiety and the cognitive variables. To enhance the experiences of youth sport participants, it is essential that the contributors to, and consequences of, competitive trait anxiety be more closely examined.

scholarly journals Relationship between acute stress and clinical performance in medical students: a pilot simulation study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Russ ◽  
Ian Morrison ◽  
Cheryl Bell ◽  
Jeremy Charles Morse ◽  
Rhoda Katharine Mackenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Clinical Urgency

BackgroundAcute stress has been linked to impaired clinical performance in healthcare settings. However, few studies have measured experienced stress and performance simultaneously using robust measures in controlled experimental conditions, which limits the strength of their findings.AimIn the current study we examined the relationship between acute stress and clinical performance in second-year medical students undertaking a simulated ECG scenario. To explore this relationship in greater depth we manipulated two variables (clinical urgency and cognitive load), and also examined the impact of trait anxiety and task self-efficacy.MethodsSecond-year medical students were asked to conduct a 12-lead ECG on a simulated patient. Students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions according to clinical urgency (high/low) and cognitive load (high/low), which were manipulated during a handover prior to the ECG. As part of the scenario they were asked to describe the ECG trace to a senior doctor over the phone and to conduct a drug calculation. They then received a performance debrief. Psychological stress and physiological stress were captured (via self-report and heart rate, respectively) and various aspects of performance were observed, including technical competence, quality of communication, work rate and compliance with patient safety checks. Trait anxiety and task self-efficacy were also captured via self-report.ResultsFifty students participated. While there was little impact of experimental condition on stress or performance, there was a significant relationship between stress and performance for the group as a whole. Technical competence was poorer for those reporting higher levels of psychological stress prior to and following the procedure. Neither trait anxiety nor task self-efficacy mediated this relationship.ConclusionsThis study has provided evidence for a link between acute stress and impaired technical performance in medical students completing a simulated clinical scenario using real-time measures. The implications for patient safety and medical education are discussed.

Effects of Fear Induction on Heart Period Variability

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Stark ◽  
Alfons Hamm ◽  
Anne Schienle ◽  
Bertram Walter ◽  
Dieter Vaitl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heart Period Variability ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Period Variability

Abstract The present study investigated the influence of contextual fear in comparison to relaxation on heart period variability (HPV), and analyzed differences in HPV between low and high anxious, nonclinical subjects. Fifty-three women participated in the study. Each subject underwent four experimental conditions (control, fear, relaxation, and a combined fear-relaxation condition), lasting 10 min each. Fear was provoked by an unpredictable aversive human scream. Relaxation should be induced with the aid of verbal instructions. To control for respiratory effects on HPV, breathing was paced at 0.2 Hz using an indirect light source. Besides physiological measures (HPV measures, ECG, respiration, forearm EMG, blood pressure), emotional states (pleasure, arousal, dominance, state anxiety) were assessed by subjects' self-reports. Since relaxation instructions did not have any effect neither on the subjective nor on the physiological variables, the present paper focuses on the comparison of the control and the fear condition. The scream reliably induced changes in both physiological and self-report measures. During the fear condition, subjects reported more arousal and state anxiety as well as less pleasure and dominance. Heart period decreased, while EMG and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to increase. HPV remained largely unaltered with the exception of the LF component, which slightly decreased under fear induction. Replicating previous findings, trait anxiety was negatively associated with HPV, but there were no treatment-specific differences between subjects with low and high trait anxiety.

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