Maternal Differentiation, Onset and Type of Father's Absence and Psychological Differentiation in Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
At Home

The relationship between mothers' and children's levels of psychological differentiation as measured by the rod-and-frame test and the effects of onset and nature of father's absence on this relationship were explored for 209 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. and their mothers. There were significantly higher correlations between the scores of children whose fathers were present at home and their mothers than for children whose fathers were absent from home and their mothers. Over-all no significant differences in the mother-child correlations were observed between families where the father's absence resulted from divorce, separation, or desertion and families in which the father had died, although when age of the child at the onset of the father's absence was considered there were significant differences between the group where the father's absence resulted from divorce, separation, or desertion and the group where the father had died.

Effects of Onset and Type of Fathers' Absence on Children's Levels of Psychological Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira S. Gershansky ◽  
Louise Hainline ◽  
Harris S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The present study examined the relationship between onset and type of father's absence and children's levels of psychological differentiation defined along the perceptual dimension of field-dependence/independence. The portable Rod-and-frame Test was used to measure the level of psychological differentiation for 100 children between the ages of 8 and 16 yr. In agreement with previous findings, boys were significantly more field-independent than girls. A significant interaction was noted between the reason for the father's absence and the age of the child when the father left the home.

Perceptual and Interpersonal Measures of Field Dependence

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe B. Alexander ◽  
Howard E. Gudeman
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Dependence ◽  
Dependence Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

This study was concerned with the relationship between perceptual and interpersonal measures of dependence for a sample of 60 male Ss. Four groups of alcoholics, one group of hospitalized psychiatric patients, and a group of normals were compared on the Rod and Frame Test and three laboratory interpersonal tasks to evaluate the hypothesis that perceptual and interpersonal dependence measures are significantly related. The results only partially confirmed the hypothesis. The over-all correlation was significant, as was the over-all correlation for four groups of alcoholics. Only two of the six subgroup correlations, however, were significant. These results suggest the need for further study, using larger sample sizes, to determine the specific relationship of the two variables.

Field-Independent Architecture Students

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Peterson ◽  
Glenn Sweitzer
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

From current knowledge of what an architect “is” and the concepts of “psychological differentiation” several predictions were made about field independency of architecture students compared with other university students. The Rod-and-frame Test used to test field dependency-independency was given to a group of 20 university students and to three groups of 20 each of architectural students. As hypothesized, the latter were more field-independent and varied less than college Ss. Contrary to prediction field-independency does not decrease over the years in architecture. Some theoretical and experimental limitations of the RFT and knowledge about architects are pointed out.

Effect of Geometrical Structure on Perception of the Vertical in the Rod-and-Frame Test

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmuth Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
New Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Identical Stimulus ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Deviation ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Male and female subjects were selected on the basis of their unsigned deviation scores (USD) in the rod-and-frame test to be retested and scored by a new method. The new method analyzes performance on this task in terms of the effect of the tilt of the frame (φ), the constant deviation (μ), the starting position of the rod (ρ), and the response consistency (σ) of each subject. The geometrical structure of the frame was varied by changing the number of identical stimulus elements in it. Variations in the geometrical structure of the frame affected φ-scores primarily in subjects with significantly high φ-scores (frame-dependent subjects). Variations in the frame's geometrical structure did not affect μ or p. The relationship between USD-scores and the values for φ, μ, and ρ for each subject is discussed.

Field-Dependence, Extraversion and Perception of the Vertical: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives of the Rod-and-Frame Test

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Fine ◽  
Armand V. Danforth
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Using conventional scoring procedures for the Rod-and-frame Test (RFT), extraversion was shown to interact with field-dependence (defined by scores on the Hidden-shapes Test), with the field-dependent extraverts being most inaccurate performers on the rod and frame. Of greater importance, serious questions were raised about theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of field-dependence and performance on the rod and frame, and it was concluded that “what has … been demonstrated over the past ten years is the reliability of a relationship of questionable validity.”

Autokinesis and Psychological Differentiation

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103E ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cancro ◽  
Harold M. Voth
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

105 paid, normal volunteers, of whom 77 were women, were administered the rod-and-frame test (RFT), the embedded-figures test (EFT), and the autokinetic test. Despite the similarity in personality correlates associated with these tests, there were no significant correlations—linear or curvilinear—between the measures of psychological differentiation and autokinesis. There were still no significant correlations when the men and women were treated as separate groups. Taking the extreme cases on the autokinetic test and comparing group means on the RFT and EFT still failed to yield a significant difference. The authors infer that these measures are independent, although the design of the study does not permit this inference to be stated as a conclusion.

Dogmatism and Field-Dependency

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1046-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Hellkamp ◽  
John N. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

To clarify the nature of the relationship between dogmatism and field-dependency, 38 male Catholics were administered the Dogmatism Test and the Rod and Frame Test (RFT). (1) Dogmatism Test scores were correlated with RFT performance. (2) Responses to items on the Dogmatism Test judged as measures of dependency were correlated with RFT performance. (3) Responses to Dogmatism Test items which Rokeach considered to be measuring authoritarianism were correlated with RFT performance. All three correlations were not significant, indicating that dogmatism and field-dependency emphasize two distinct aspects in the perceptual process.

Cognitive Differentiation, Back Pain, and Psychogenic Pain Drawings

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiríkur Líndal ◽  
Alf Udén
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychogenic Pain ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
Contrast Technique ◽  
Pain Drawings ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Two groups of subjects with back pain were studied ( n = 67). All subjects underwent a battery of psychological tests which included a test of psychological differentiation (the Rod-and-Frame Test), a test of psychological defenses (Meta-contrast Technique), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. In addition, the subjects drew a pain picture and answered a questionnaire on pain-related issues. Each group of subjects was then subdivided into 4 groups depending on the judged abnormality of their pain drawings. The two main groups were compared overall and the subgroups of the two back-pain groups compared with each other. The Meta-contrast Technique results show that depression was quite common among back-pain subjects as a whole compared to a painless group of subjects. Differences were found on field-dependence; subjects with abnormal pain drawings were more field-dependent than those with “normal” pain drawings. Few other between-group statistical differences were noted between the two back-pain groups. Expected scores on hysteria were not noted among the abnormal drawing makers, neither were there differences between the groups on the items of pain duration, physical functionings, or of depression.

Concurrent Validity of Hidden Figures Test (Cf-1)

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Weissenberg
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Median Correlation ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Figure Drawing ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The Hidden-figures Test (Cf-1) has been used to measure psychological differentiation among groups of Ss. This paper presents concurrent validity information derived from 12 studies which shows the existence of a median correlation of .51 between the Hidden-figures and either the Individual Embedded-figures Test, the Rod-and-frame Test or Witkin's Figure-drawing Scale. It is concluded that given the need to test large numbers of subjects at one time, the Hidden-figures Test appears to be a reasonably efficient and effective instrument.

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