Defense Mechanisms, Somatic Symptoms and Lateral Eye Movements in Females

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Roger P. Greenberg ◽  
Seymour Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Female Subjects

Research with male subjects has related lateral eye movements to preferred mode of defense and psychosomatic symptoms. However, previous research has systematically excluded female subjects which precluded the investigation of hypothesized but not yet confirmed patterns of sex differences. The present study examined the relationship between lateral eye movements, psychological defenses, and somatic symptoms in females. Lateral eye-movement patterns were assessed for 32 female undergraduate students, who were then administered the Defense Mechanism Inventory and Body Symptom Questionnaire. The data indicated no relationship between eye-movement patterns and either defensive style or somatic symptoms. Previous concerns about using female subjects in lateral eye-movement studies appear justified as this may decrease the probability of finding effects of lateralization.

Field Independence, Lateralization and Defensive Style

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Shevrin ◽  
Irving A. Smokler ◽  
Evelyn Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Hemispheric Activation ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between field independence and defense clustering as measured by the Defense Mechanisms Inventory and lateral eye movements. Subjects had previously been classified either as hysterical or obsessive style by the Rorschach and WAIS Comprehension subtest. Previous findings indicate that these subjects have a preferred direction of lateral eye movement in a questioning format (hysterical style = left; obsessive style = right). This study found no relationship between field independence and defense clustering and lateral eye movements. To the extent that eye gaze indexes hemispheric activation, we conclude that neither field independence nor defense clustering was related to hemispheric lateralization.

Effects of Subject-to-Experimenter Distance and Instructions on Lateral Eye Movement

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Jameson ◽  
Todd B. Sellick
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Attention Demand

Lateral eye movements and heart rate were recorded as 32 right-handed men answered verbal and spatial questions. Experimenter-to-subject distance (.8 and 1.5 m) and attention demand of instructions were manipulated in a 2 × 2 design. A significant main effect for distance and an interaction of distance by instructions appeared on the direction of eye movements independent of type of question. The greatest number of leftward eye movements occurred ar the short distance with instructions demanding higher attention. These findings are consistent with evidence that emotional arousal produces greater right- than left-hemisphere activation.

scholarly journals Lateral Eye Movements Increase False Memory Rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne T. L. Houben ◽  
Henry Otgaar ◽  
Jeffrey Roelofs ◽  
Harald Merckelbach
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Misinformation Effect ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Car Crash

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a popular treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. However, little is known about the memory effects of EMDR. Using a misinformation paradigm, we examined whether lateral eye movements, as used in EMDR, enhance susceptibility to false memories. Undergraduates ( N = 82) saw a video depicting a car crash. Subsequently, participants either performed eye movements or held their eyes stationary. Afterward, all participants received misinformation in the form of an eyewitness narrative. The results indicate that eye movement participants were less accurate and were more susceptible to the misinformation effect than controls. Our finding suggests EMDR may have risky drawbacks in an eyewitness context and therefore urgently needs follow-up research.

Lateral Eye Movements and Field-Dependence—Independence

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Hoffman ◽  
Spencer Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Reflective Thought ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Picture Completion ◽  
Better Than

The relationship between field-dependence—independence and lateral eye movements was investigated for a sample of 41 male and 39 female right-handed undergraduates. Subjects were administered the Portable Rod-and-frame Test, the Embedded-figures Test, and the Block Design, Object Assembly, and Picture Completion scales of the WAIS. Eye movements in response to 60 questions requiring reflective thought were recorded. Contrary to predictions, right-movers did not perform better than left-movers on the tests of field-dependence—independence. Among males, however, both consistent right- and left-movers performed significantly better than inconsistent movers. The correlation, for males, between lateral eye-movement consistency and a composite measure of field-dependence—independence was .65 ( p < .001). It was argued that eye-movement consistency and cognitive ability level are a joint function of extent of brain lateralization.

Lateral Eye Movement Behavior in Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1023-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil R. Reynolds ◽  
Alan S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Lateral Eye

The lateral eye movement phenomenon, studied frequently in adults, was investigated for 52 children aged 2–8 to 9–11, using both spatial and verbal-analytic questions. The phenomenon was observed in 50 of the 52 children and appeared well established by age 3 1/2; about half of the children were classifiable as either right movers or left movers. Some interesting developmental findings were noted, including a few important discrepancies with the results of adult studies. In addition, type of question had no effect on the direction of a child's eye movements. The implications of these findings were discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of search intent on eye-movement patterns in a change detection task

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangil Lee ◽  
Minho Lee ◽  
Hyeonggyu Park ◽  
Mun-Seon Chang ◽  
Ho-Wan Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Movement Index

The goal of the present study was to examine whether intention type affects eye movement patterns in a change detection task In addition, we assessed whether the eye movement index could be used to identify human implicit intent. We attempted to generate three types of intent amongst the study participants, dividing them into one of three conditions; each condition received different information regarding an impending change to the visual stimuli. In the “navigational intent” condition, participants were asked to look for any interesting objects, and were not given any more information about the impending change. In the “low-specific intent” condition, participants were informed that a change would occur. In the “high-specific intent” condition, participants were told that a change would occur, and that an object would disappear. In addition to this main change detection task, participants also had to perform a primary task, in which they were required to name aloud the colors of objects in the pre-change scene. This allowed us to control for the visual searching process during the pre-change scene. The main results were as follows: firstly, the primary task successfully controlled for the visual search process during the pre-change scene, establishing that there were no differences in the patterns of eye movements across all three conditions despite differing intents. Secondly, we observed significantly different patterns of eye movement between the conditions in the post-change scene, suggesting that generating a specific intent for change detection yields a distinctive pattern of eye-movements. Finally, discriminant function analysis showed a reasonable classification rate for identifying a specific intent. Taken together, it was found that both participant intent and the specificity of information provided to the participants affect eye movements in a change detection task.

Eye Movement Patterns Characteristic of Cognitive Style

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortal Nitzan-Tamar ◽  
Bracha Kramarski ◽  
Eli Vakil
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Analytic Group ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Analytic Cognitive Style

Abstract. Various tools have been designed to classify the wholistic/analytic cognitive style, based mostly on behavioral data that reveals little about how these processes function. The main goal of this study is to characterize patterns of eye movements (EM) that are typical of learners with tendencies toward wholistic/analytic styles. Forty students completed the E-CSA-W/A test, while their EM were simultaneously monitored. The results revealed that the overall response time of the wholist group was lower in both tasks. The differences in response time between the groups are interpreted as being influenced by impulsive/reflective styles. While the behavioral data provide us with the end result and quantitative differences between the groups, EM provide us with the qualitative information about the process that led to the response. The study showed that the wholist group is characterized by less fixations and transitions than the analytic group, which is interpreted as reflecting use of whole/partial strategy.

Lateral Eye-Movement Consistency and Academic Aptitude: Failure to Replicate

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bakan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Scholastic Aptitude Test ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
Scholastic Aptitude ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Academic Aptitude

Scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test were compared for 52 right and 46 left Ss directionally consistent and directionally inconsistent ( n = 62) for conjugate lateral eye movements elicited by reflection in interpreting a series of 10 proverbs. The finding of lower Scholastic Aptitude Test scores for Ss inconsistent in direction of eye movement (Weiten & Etaugh, 1974) was not confirmed.

Conjugate Lateral Eye Movement and Latency of Verbal Response to Arithmetic Questions

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo M. Croghan ◽  
P. Carol Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Arithmetic Problem ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
Speed Of Response ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Post Hoc

24 left movers, 24 right movers and 24 mixed movers, categorized on the basis of their conjugate lateral eye movements, were measured on latency of verbal response to arithmetic questions. The predicted superiority of right movers in speed of response did not occur nor did interference with habitual direction of conjugate lateral eye movement affect results. However, the mixed group took longer to respond to a second series of questions than did the left and right movers. This post hoc finding may indicate inefficient hemispheric competition within the mixed group when subjects are asked to add another task to that of arithmetic problem-solving.

Individual Differences in Cognitive Strategy and Personality Traits as Measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Kerr ◽  
Warren S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
The Right

The relationship between personality and preference for use of the right or left hemisphere of the brain in cognitive processing was investigated. Lateral eye movements were recorded as 50 female and 20 male right-handed subjects considered questions requiring reflection. The questions were not obviously “verbal” or “spatial” in nature but did require differing levels of reflection. Questions requiring higher levels of reflection produced a higher rate of lateral eye movement responses. Percent right eye movement for individual subjects was then correlated with scores on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, using both first-order factors and the second-order factor Cortertia, which has some face validity as describing the personality generally ascribed to those who produce mostly right lateral eye movements. No correlation was found between the preferred directions of eye movements and 16 PF factors, which suggests that the lateral eye movements reflect thinking and problem-solving strategies but are not associated with personality styles.

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