Systematic Observation of Behaviors and Environmental Events Using the Lag Method
Systematic observation of individuals or groups focuses on the visible behavior in relation to visible values of the environment. The researcher may find it useful to record both properties of environment-behavior events. The building block of any systematic observation system is defined in a clear set of selection rules which can be used by human observers, the next step is to decide which properties will be measured. Every property is a variable, and each variable makes up a set of values. Measurement theory demands that the variables be defined in such a way that any event will get one and only one value for each variable. The values have to be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Systematic observation generally does not permit interpretation of events in the particular environment. It is better to separate the observation and its interpretation into an index of cross-reference instead of relating them. On the other hand, it is absolutely essential that constant analysis of the notes and relationships should be carried out while the work of natural observation is still taking place. In spite of the fact that natural systematic observation does not possess high control, it can quite well be complemented by very structured observation and by accurate quantification using techniques of qualitative numeration for this purpose.