Pseudoneglect of Males and Females on a Spatial Short-Term Memory Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Nalçaci ◽  
Metehan Çiçek ◽  
Canan Kalaycioglu ◽  
Sema Yavuzer
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The effect of sex on the phenomenon of pseudoneglect was assessed in 60 male and 61 female right-handed subjects using a modified form of Corsi's block-tapping test. A significant right-lateralized pseudoneglect for both sexes was found, and the level of pseudoneglect strongly correlated with neglect in the right hemispace. Men were significantly more accurate in the left hemispace than women, whereas no difference was seen between the sexes in the right hemispace. Although we found some indirect evidence from which to infer that the men's brain may be functionally more lateralized than the women's for this spatial task, there was no significant difference between the sexes in correct responses for the left hemispace, i.e., right pseudoneglect. Therefore, the results suggest that pseudoneglect phenomenon can be partly explained by a functional asymmetric feature of the brain, and the other factors probably play a role in producing the similar patterns of asymmetric perception of space in males and females.

scholarly journals Can a simple, short-term memory task help to screen dyslexia?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Perham ◽  
Toni Howell ◽  
Andy Watt
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Order ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Support Students

AbstractFunding to support students with dyslexia in post-compulsory education is under pressure and more efficient assessments may offset some of this shortfall. We tested potential tasks for screening dyslexia: recall of adjective-noun, compared to noun-adjective, pairings (syntax) and recall of high versus low frequency letter pairings (bigrams). Students who reported themselves as dyslexic failed to show a normal syntax effect (greater recall of adjective-noun compared to noun-adjective pairings) and no significant difference in recall between the two types of bigrams whereas students who were not dyslexic showed the syntax effect and a bias towards recalling high frequency bigrams. Findings are consistent with recent explanations of dyslexia suggesting that those affected find it difficult to learn and utilise sequential long-term order information (Szmalec et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 37(5) ,1270-1279, 2011). Further, ROC curve analyses revealed both tasks showed acceptable diagnostic properties as they were able to discriminate between the two groups of participants.

Integration of Post-Exposural Directional Scanning and Cerebral Dominance Explanations of Lateral Differences in Tachistoscopic Recognition

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fudin ◽  
Catherine C. Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
The Right

Post-exposural directional scanning and cerebral dominance are major postulates which account for lateral differences in tachistoscopic perception. These ideas can be integrated when tachistoscopic perception is viewed as a short-term memory task. Briefly exposed stimuli not only have to be scanned, but also rehearsed, subvocally, before they can be encoded. Since most Ss are left-hemisphere dominant for language, scanned information arriving in the right hemisphere has to be sent to the left hemisphere for rehearsal. This transmission effects a loss of scanned information because it is held in a rapidly dissipating storage. These ideas account for lateral differences found with vertically and horizontally oriented targets, but methodological considerations are discussed which indicate that these notions are more clearly demonstrable with the former than latter displays.

scholarly journals Early and Late Shift of Brain Laterality in STG, HG, and Cerebellum with Normal Aging during a Short-Term Memory Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hanani Abdul Manan ◽  
Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff ◽  
Elizabeth A. Franz ◽  
Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Brain Laterality ◽  
Significant Difference

Evidence suggests that cognitive performance deteriorates in noisy backgrounds and the problems are more pronounced in older people due to brain deficits and changes. The present study used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon during short-term memory using a forward repeat task performed in quiet (STMQ) and in noise: 5-dB SNR (STMN) on four groups of participants of different ages. The performance of short-term memory tasks was measured behaviourally. No significant difference was found across age groups in STMQ. However, older adults (50–65 year olds) performed relatively poorly on the STMN. fMRI results on the laterality index indicate changes in hemispheric laterality in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), Heschl’s gyrus (HG), and cerebellum, and a leftward asymmetry in younger participants which changes to a more rightward asymmetry in older participants. The results also indicate that the onset of the laterality shift varies from one brain region to another. STG and HG show a late shift while the cerebellum shows an earlier shift. The results also reveal that noise influences this shifting. Finally, the results support the hypothesis that functional networks that underlie STG, HG, and cerebellum undergo reorganization to compensate for the neural deficit/cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Sex-based Short-term Memory of Vocabulary Trained with Pease and Pease’s Multimodality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hasan Arifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Modality Preference

Abstract Rose and Nicholl’s  view dealing with the effectiveness of multisensory learning seems contradictory with Pease and Pease’s theory regarding with gender-based multitasking. The present study aims at: 1)  determining the significance of the difference of STM of English vocabulary between males and females learned through different types of modalities; 2) testing  whether multimodality lowers  males’  STM of English vocabulary; and 3) exploring the trainees’ modality preference and their reasons based on sex.  This mix-methods study involved 60 subjects drawn through Allocation Random Sampling. Data were collected with tests, a structured questionnaire, an interview, a tape-recorder, observations and note-taking. They were analyzed with Two-way Anova, Chi-square (χ2) and cyclical qualitative analysis. It shows that: 1) there is a significant difference of  STM of English vocabulary between males and females trained with different types of modalities; 2) multimodality did not lower males’ STM of English vocabulary; and 3) Pease and Pease’s theory is not accepted. The effectiveness of a certain type of modality, their learning habits, and their school regulations  contribute to their  modality preference. Key words:  multitasking, multimodality, sex, short-term memory, training, development

Recall of Letters from the Left and Right Visual Half-Fields under Unilateral and Bilateral Presentation

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hines ◽  
Louis W. Sutker ◽  
Paul Satz ◽  
Ann Altman
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Bilateral Presentation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
The Right

Bilateral presentation in the visual half-field greatly increases superiority of the right visual half-field in tachistoscopic recognition of words when fixation is controlled using a center digit. Two experiments explored left-right asymmetry with bilateral presentation on a visual half-field short-term memory task, with fixation controlled by a sequence of letters at fixation. A total of 40 subjects served in the two experiments, which compared recall under unilateral versus bilateral presentation to the visual half-field. Bilateral presentation increased over-all recall from the last serial position but did not alter asymmetry of the visual half-field. As in previous experiments, the superiority of the right visual half-field was greatest from the initial serial positions. It was concluded that asymmetry of the visual half-field on this recall task with controlled fixation depends primarily on masking and short-term memory but is independent of unilateral-bilateral presentation.

scholarly journals Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos K448 in D-Major 2nd Movement Improves Short-Term Memory and Concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenni Limyati ◽  
Roro Wahyudianingsih ◽  
Revy D Maharani ◽  
Maria T Christabella
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Brain

Rhythm, melody, and high frequencies in Mozart’s music are capable to stimulate creativity and motivation regions of the brain and activate brain’s areas, especially the prefrontal area of the brain, which contributes to short-term memory. Listening to Mozart ‘s music can enhance concentration because it stimulates alpha brain waves which induce relaxation and peaceful mood. The objectives of this study were to determine the Mozart’s effect towards short-term memory and concentration. This is a quasi-experimental study using pre- and post-test design, performed to 30 adult women aged between 19-24 years old. The measured data were memorized words from recall memory test and duration to finish traffic jam puzzle, before and after listening to Mozart Sonata K448 for Two Pianos in D-major 2nd Movement. Data were analyzed using paired t-test with ? = 0.05.The results showed that there is a significant difference of words remembered before and after listening to music (35,43±6,70444 vs 73±4,727; p<0,01) and duration to finish traffic jam puzzle (125,60±149,939vs 53,67±69,652 seconds ; p<0,01). We concluded that Mozart’s music improves short-term memory and concentration. Keywords: Mozart’s sonata, short-term memory,concentration

scholarly journals Brain hemodynamic response in Examiner–Examinee dyads during spatial short-term memory task: an fNIRS study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Panico ◽  
Stefania De Marco ◽  
Laura Sagliano ◽  
Francesca D’Olimpio ◽  
Dario Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Real

AbstractThe Corsi Block-Tapping test (CBT) is a measure of spatial working memory (WM) in clinical practice, requiring an examinee to reproduce sequences of cubes tapped by an examiner. CBT implies complementary behaviors in the examiners and the examinees, as they have to attend a precise turn taking. Previous studies demonstrated that the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) is activated during CBT, but scarce evidence is available on the neural correlates of CBT in the real setting. We assessed PFC activity in dyads of examiner–examinee participants while completing the real version of CBT, during conditions of increasing and exceeding workload. This procedure allowed to investigate whether brain activity in the dyads is coordinated. Results in the examinees showed that PFC activity was higher when the workload approached or reached participants’ spatial WM span, and lower during workload conditions that were largely below or above their span. Interestingly, findings in the examiners paralleled the ones in the examinees, as examiners’ brain activity increased and decreased in a similar way as the examinees’ one. In the examiners, higher left-hemisphere activity was observed suggesting the likely activation of non-spatial WM processes. Data support a bell-shaped relationship between cognitive load and brain activity, and provide original insights on the cognitive processes activated in the examiner during CBT.

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