Use of Self-Reports of Physical Fitness as Substitutes for Performance-Based Measures of Physical Fitness in Older Adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra B. Schuler ◽  
Thomas S. Marzilli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Local Community ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Do So

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between self-reported physical fitness and performance-based measures of physical fitness in older adults. The specific components of physical fitness evaluated included aerobic endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility. Adults (25 men and 47 women) ranging in age from 56 to 92 years ( M age = 75 yr.) were recruited from the local community. Generally, the associations between self-reported and performance-based measures of physical fitness were low to moderate ( r = .30–.01). Based on these findings, self-reports of physical fitness should not be used as substitutes for performance-based measures of physical fitness in older adults. Furthermore, present findings suggest that older adults, when asked to rate subcomponents of physical fitness, may not do so but rather evaluate a more general concept of physical fitness with aerobic endurance as the dominant factor.

Self-Reported Physical Fitness of Older Persons: A Substitute for Performance-Based Measures of Physical Fitness?

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke J.G. van Heuvelen ◽  
Gertrudis I.J.M. Kempen ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Mathieu H.G. de Greef
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Performance

To evaluate the validity of self-report measures of physical fitness as substitutes for performance-based tests, self-reports and performance-based tests of physical fitness were compared. Subjects were a community-based sample of older adults (N = 624) aged 57 and over. The performance-based tests included endurance, flexibility, strength, balance, manual dexterity, and reaction time. The self-report evaluation assessed selected individual subcomponents of fitness and used both peers and absolute standards as reference. The results showed that compared to performance-based tests, the self-report items were more strongly interrelated and they less effectively evaluated the different subdomains of physical fitness. Corresponding performance-based tests and self-report items were weakly to moderately associated. All self-report items were related most strongly with the performance-based endurance test. Apparently. older people tend to estimate overall fitness, in which endurance plays an important part, rather than individual subcomponents of Illness. Therefore, the self-report measures have limited validity as predictors of performance-based physical fitness.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

Corporate Governance and Performance of Organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-446
Author(s):  
Hamid Ait lemqeddem ◽  
◽  
Mounya Tomas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Is Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Do So

There is renewed interest in the need to focus on corporate governance in an environment where it is a performance imperative for all small and large organizations, private and public, beginner or established.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the place of corporate governance practices in organizations to ensure that the board, officers, and directors take action to protect shareholder interests and all stakeholders. It is important to focus on the effect of these practices on improving performance and competitiveness. To do so, we opted for the hypothetico-deductive method with a quantitative approach. Our theoretical foundation is theory is agency theory.

Tinjauan Aspek Budaya pada Pembelajaran IPA: Pentingnya Pengembangan Kurikulum IPA

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Hardoyono
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Learning Attitude ◽  
Do So

: Education deals with enlightening people and developing human resources. The reasecher concluded that cultural background of students influences their learning attitude in the school. Therefore, the developing learning process of Natural Sciences insist student to elaborate principles of Natural Sciences without ignoring cultural valuesof local community. The policy of decentralization of Indonesian Government had authorized and legitimated local authorities to develop curriculum based on the local cultures. To do so, each local government through the officers of Education has to create a curiculum by involving some curriculum experts, instructures, natural sciences theachers, and the lectures of universities who adequately understand learning model of Natural Sciences.

Gending Karesmen: Teater Tradisional Ménak di Priangan 1904-19421

Panggung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatang Abdulah ◽  
I. Syarief Hidayat ◽  
A. Sobana Hardjasaputra ◽  
Jakob Sumardjo
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes Gending Karesmen that had been living and developing in Priangan, cen- tered in Bandung City, in 1904 to 1942. Gending Karesmen emerged as Tunil Tembang which came up in 1904. In the begining, the performance of Tunil Tembang was plain and simple, then it gradu- ally became more complex and specific. The story, dance, music, and performance were established. The music became dominant factor related to the song (tembang) performed by the player in every dialog expression. Gending Karesmen grew well, almost without any hindrance, because it was sup- ported by the local officials (e.g. Bupati) and intellectuals. It was also because of the socio culture, economic and politic atmosphere in Priangan that were conducive in that period. Keywords: Gending Karesmen, Ménak Traditional Theater  ABSTRAK Tulisan ini menganalisis tentang Gending Karesmen yang hidup dan berkembang di Priangan, yang berpusat di Kota Bandung, pada tahun 1904-1942. Gending Karesmen mun- cul sebagai Tunil Tembang yang berkembang pada tahun 1904. Pada mulanya pertunjukan Tunil Tembang itu polos dan sederhana, kemudian secara bertahap menjadi lebih kompleks dan spesifik. Cerita, tarian, musik, dan pertunjukannya menjadi berkembang. Musiknya menjadi faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan lagu (tembang) yang dimainkan oleh pemainnya dalam setiap ekspresi dialog. Gending Karesmen berkembang dengan baik, hampir tidak ada hambatan, karena didukung oleh para pejabat setempat (misalnya Bu- pati) dan intelektual. Hal ini juga dikarenakan sosial budaya, suasana ekonomi dan politik di Priangan yang kondusif pada periode tersebut. Kata kunci: Gending Karesmen, Teater Tradisional Ménak

Bringing Rain and Protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barend J. ter Haar
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Supreme Deity ◽  
Do So

Deities were thought to help and protect people, heal them from illnesses, and sometimes also to punish them. And yet, a worshipper was not free to decide what to ask for, but had to work within a collectively created and transmitted paradigm of expectations of the deity. In Northern China, Lord Guan was often requested to provide rain, and everywhere he was asked to assist in the fight against demons and other types of outsiders (barbarians, rebels, or otherwise), or even appeared of his own accord to do so. From the early seventeenth century onwards, Guan Yu was seen as the incarnation of a dragon executed at the command of the Jade Emperor for bringing rain out of compassion to a local community sentenced to extinction by the supreme deity. Finally, his loyal image inspired his rise as a God of Wealth in the course of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Effects of multi-domain cognitive training on working memory retrieval in older adults: behavioral and ERP evidence from a Chinese community study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfei Hong ◽  
You Chen ◽  
Jijun Wang ◽  
Yuan Shen ◽  
Qingwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Session

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a fundamental cognitive function that typically declines with age. Previous studies have shown that targeted WM training has the potential to improve WM performance in older adults. In the present study, we investigated whether a multi-domain cognitive training program that was not designed to specifically target WM could improve the behavioral performance and affect the neural activity during WM retrieval in healthy older adults. We assigned healthy older participants (70–78 years old) from a local community into a training group who completed a 3-month multi-domain cognitive training and a control group who only attended health education lectures during the same period. Behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from participants while performing an untrained delayed match or non-match to category task and a control task at a pre-training baseline session and a post-training follow-up session. Behaviorally, we found that participants in the training group showed a trend toward greater WM performance gains than participants in the control group. Event-related potential (ERP) results suggest that the task-related modulation of P3 during WM retrieval was significantly enhanced at the follow-up session compared with the baseline session, and importantly, this enhancement of P3 modulation was only significant in the training group. Furthermore, no training-related effects were observed for the P2 or N2 component during WM retrieval. These results suggest that the multi-domain cognitive training program that was not designed to specifically target WM is a promising approach to improve WM performance in older adults, and that training-related gains in performance are likely mediated by an enhanced modulation of P3 which might reflect the process of WM updating.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document