Dogmatism and Problem Solving: An Examination of the Denny Doodlebug Problem

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Lyda ◽  
Samuel Fillenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Standard Operating Procedures ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Order Of Presentation

This study examined the Denny Doodlebug (DD) problem (a task requiring that S reject a number of the standard operating procedures of daily life and that he organize a new set of assumptions into a working system) by changing the order of presentation of clues. The effects of such change on task performance were considered with reference to Rokeach's formulation on the nature of dogmatism. Reversing the order of clues had some clear, striking effects on performance in the DD task. The movement belief was found to be of critical importance, and it was suggested that what had previously been attributed to individual differences in the ability to organize a new set of beliefs into a working system might better be interpreted as due to individual differences in the ability to utilize clue 3. Finally, it was pointed out that this clue was so richly informative that the ability to make use of it might involve just that ability to make use of a new body of information with which Rokeach is concerned in his general formulation.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Koperasi melalui Pemantapan Manajemen Berbasis Syariah di KSPPS Keluarga Barokah Amanah (Karomah) Balongpanggang Gresik

TA'AWUN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Misbahul Khoir ◽  
Minahul Mubin ◽  
Khurun Imroatus Sholihah
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Standard Operating Procedures ◽  
National Service ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Cooperatives and Small and Micro Enterprises are one part of the entity that is the pillar of the people's economy. Problems in management at KSPPS Karomah are started from the low human resources and the weak application of discipline, both the discipline of members and managers of KSPPS Karomah. The purpose of this service is to realize the awareness of members to participate in having an active role in two things, namely realizing their roles and responsibilities as members, and for administrators and managers to be able to manage well and be able to provide service schemes with 5 (five) instruments. empowerment in the form of Alms (infaq), Loans, Financing, Savings and Time Investments. The method used for problem solving as the priority problems and urgent needs of cooperatives: Increasing the discipline of members and managers (Organization Stabilization, Management of KSPPS Karomah and Empowerment of Members). The results that can be achieved and the implementation of this service include: Increased management of KSPPS Karamah which is effective, efficient and professional, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), SOM and organizational improvements, Increased network relations between members and administrators, supervisors and employees, Increased business income managed by KSPPS Karamah. The conclusions in this service include: improving database-based services, producing SOPs, SOM, National Service Journal with ISSN, promotion of the Karomah KSPPS Cooperative. Another additional output is the provision of an attendance machine, and a simple Excel application to measure the eligibility of members who apply for Sharia Savings, Loans and Financing at KSPPS Keluarga Barokah Amanah.

The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Justin Peter Brienza ◽  
Mengxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
And Training ◽  
Contextual Differences

Interest in wisdom in the cognitive sciences, psychology, and education has been paralleled by conceptual confusions about its nature and assessment. To clarify these issues and promote consensus in the field, wisdom researchers met in Toronto in July of 2019, resolving disputes through discussion. Guided by a survey of scientists who study wisdom-related constructs, we established a common wisdom model, observing that empirical approaches to wisdom converge on the morally-grounded application of metacognition to reasoning and problem-solving. After outlining the function of relevant metacognitive and moral processes, we critically evaluate existing empirical approaches to measurement and offer recommendations for best practices. In the subsequent sections, we use the common wisdom model to selectively review evidence about the role of individual differences for development and manifestation of wisdom, approaches to wisdom development and training, as well as cultural, subcultural, and social-contextual differences. We conclude by discussing wisdom’s conceptual overlap with a host of other constructs and outline unresolved conceptual and methodological challenges.

scholarly journals The relationship between hippocampal-dependent task performance and hippocampal grey matter myelination and iron content

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110119
Author(s):  
Ian A. Clark ◽  
Martina F. Callaghan ◽  
Nikolaus Weiskopf ◽  
Eleanor A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Future Thinking

Individual differences in scene imagination, autobiographical memory recall, future thinking and spatial navigation have long been linked with hippocampal structure in healthy people, although evidence for such relationships is, in fact, mixed. Extant studies have predominantly concentrated on hippocampal volume. However, it is now possible to use quantitative neuroimaging techniques to model different properties of tissue microstructure in vivo such as myelination and iron. Previous work has linked such measures with cognitive task performance, particularly in older adults. Here we investigated whether performance on scene imagination, autobiographical memory, future thinking and spatial navigation tasks was associated with hippocampal grey matter myelination or iron content in young, healthy adult participants. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a multi-parameter mapping protocol (0.8 mm isotropic voxels) from a large sample of 217 people with widely-varying cognitive task scores. We found little evidence that hippocampal grey matter myelination or iron content were related to task performance. This was the case using different analysis methods (voxel-based quantification, partial correlations), when whole brain, hippocampal regions of interest, and posterior:anterior hippocampal ratios were examined, and across different participant sub-groups (divided by gender and task performance). Variations in hippocampal grey matter myelin and iron levels may not, therefore, help to explain individual differences in performance on hippocampal-dependent tasks, at least in young, healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Management of oxygen saturation monitoring in preterm newborns in the NICU: the Italian picture

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serafina Perrone ◽  
◽  
Maurizio Giordano ◽  
Giuseppe De Bernardo ◽  
Paola Lugani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Standard Operating Procedures ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Form ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Oxygen Monitoring

Abstract Background Although many studies emphasize the importance of using oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets in the NICUs, there is a wide variability in used saturation ranges among centers. Primary aim was to draw a representative picture on how the management of oxygen monitoring is performed in the Italian NICUs. Second aim was to identify healthcare-professionals related factors associated with oxygen targeting in the preterm population. Methods Cross-sectional study with data collection via an electronic survey form. A questionnaire containing pre-piloted and open questions on monitoring and management of the SpO2 was administered to neonatologists across the network of the Italian Society of Neonatology. The questions focused on: the infrastructure, specific training, healthcare professionals and patients-related factors. The results of the survey were anonymously collected, summarized and analyzed. Results Out of 378 questionnaires, 93 were correctly filled. Thirty-six different SpO2 ranges were observed. Centers using written standard operating procedures on oxygen management and SpO2 monitoring maintained a correct average range of SpO2 90–95%, avoided hyperoxia and reconsidered saturation targets in relation to comorbidities. 39.8% of responders disabled alarms during neonatal care. One center used biomarkers for complete monitoring of neonatal oxygenation status. Conclusions There is considerable variation in SpO2 targets for preterm infants in the Italian NICUs. Standard operating procedures and specific training for health care personnel are the main factors playing a role for the correct maintenance of the recommended oxygen targets in preterms.

Improving Water Quality Can Reduce Pyrogenic Reactions Associated With Reuse of Cardiac Catheters

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary E. Duffy ◽  
Braulio Couto ◽  
Jussara M. Pessoa ◽  
Carlos Starling ◽  
Silma Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Standard Operating Procedures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cardiac Catheters ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Belo Horizonte

AbstractObjective:To report the results of our preintervention investigation and subsequent 19-month three-phase intervention study designed to reduce pyrogenic reactions among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization using reprocessed catheters.Design:A case-control study for the preintervention period and a prospective cohort study for the intervention period.Setting:A 400-bed hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.Participants:Any patient undergoing cardiac catheterization in the hospital.Interventions:Three intervention phases were implemented to improve the quality of the water supplied to the cardiac catheter reprocessing laboratory. Standard operating procedures for reprocessing cardiac catheters were established and reprocessing staff were trained and educated.Results:The rate of pyrogenic reactions decreased significantly during the intervention phases, from 12.8% (159 of 1,239) in phase 1 to 5.3% (38 of 712) in phase 2 to 0.5% (4 of 769) in phase 3 (chi-square test for linear trend, 97.5;P< .001).Conclusion:Improving water quality and using standard operating procedures for reprocessing catheters can prevent pyrogenic reactions in hospitalized patients.

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