The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Justin Peter Brienza ◽  
Mengxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
And Training ◽  
Contextual Differences

Interest in wisdom in the cognitive sciences, psychology, and education has been paralleled by conceptual confusions about its nature and assessment. To clarify these issues and promote consensus in the field, wisdom researchers met in Toronto in July of 2019, resolving disputes through discussion. Guided by a survey of scientists who study wisdom-related constructs, we established a common wisdom model, observing that empirical approaches to wisdom converge on the morally-grounded application of metacognition to reasoning and problem-solving. After outlining the function of relevant metacognitive and moral processes, we critically evaluate existing empirical approaches to measurement and offer recommendations for best practices. In the subsequent sections, we use the common wisdom model to selectively review evidence about the role of individual differences for development and manifestation of wisdom, approaches to wisdom development and training, as well as cultural, subcultural, and social-contextual differences. We conclude by discussing wisdom’s conceptual overlap with a host of other constructs and outline unresolved conceptual and methodological challenges.

scholarly journals Perspectives of the Farmers on Collection of Vegetables at Dambulla Dedicated Economic Center in Sri Lanka

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2826-2833
Author(s):  
Greshan, P.D.S. ◽  
Kithsiri, V.D.
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Collection Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Agricultural products move through several channels before reaching the final consumers. The collection process of vegetable must be effective and efficient to avoid losses in the supply chain of vegetables. The Dambulla Dedicated Economic Center (DDEC) is considered as the main hub of vegetable and fruit distribution in Sri Lanka. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of DDEC in collection of vegetables in Sri Lanka and explore whether the center meets the best practices of vegetable collection. Transportation, packing and packaging, role of middlemen, and training and knowledge on vegetable collection process were reviewed. Data were collected using a semi structured questioner from 70 farmers linked to the DDEC. High level of quality degradation, poor packing and packaging, lack of knowledge and training on collection, and inefficient role of middlemen were identified as the main issues related to the vegetable collection process of DDEC in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Individual differences in granularity of the affective responses to music

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Joanna Kantor-Martynuska ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
The Common

Abstract The main focus of the paper is the role of listeners’ emotion-relevant characteristics and musical expertise in the granularity of affective responses to music. Another objective of the study is to test the consistency of the granularity of affect that is perceived in music and/or experienced in response to it. In Experiment 1, 91 musicians and nonmusicians listened to musical excerpts and grouped them according to the similarity of the affects they experienced while listening. Finer grouping granularity was found in musicians and high rumination scorers. Male musicians with above-median scores in rumination produced a larger number of clusters than the other male participants. Experiment 2 that engaged 23 participants demonstrated moderate consistency with which listeners grouped affects that they perceived in music and affects they experienced while listening to music. The study suggests that affective responses to music are subject to individual differences in musical expertise and rumination. Affects perceived in music and felt in response to it seem to be categorized with reference to the common principles. However, the cues that are used in such instances of categorization seem to be different. The paper encourages further research on the importance of listeners’ personal characteristics for the affective responses to music.

scholarly journals Role of Professional Management in Improving Job Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Saher Kadouri .
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Human Skill ◽  
Professional Management ◽  
The Common ◽  
Intellectual Skills ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

Management is a special career requiring special skills. To define management as a task with economic, humanitarian and temporal dimensions, it must be emphasized that management is a profession that differs from specialized professions. It is different from the profession of the engineer, the doctor, the accountant, the seller and the teacher. An individual's success in a job does not necessarily make him a successful individual as a manager. Dealing with people as subordinates, bosses, colleagues and clients, taking into account individual differences, requires the manager to have human skill as well as the technical skill associated with the nature of his work. Thinking about the future and preparing for it, and thinking about the particles and their relationship to the colleges requires intellectual skill, and that the appropriate mix of these skills varies according to the administrative level of the manager. While the technical and intellectual skills vary according to management levels, the common denominator among all these levels is human skill as management is the execution of business through other individuals.

scholarly journals The Role of Self-Awareness and Problem-Solving Orientation for the Instrumentality of Goal-Related Means

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Kreibich ◽  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Support ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Successful goal striving hinges on the selection of instrumental means. The current research investigates individual differences in self-awareness as a predictor for means instrumentality. This effect should be mediated by the tendency of self-aware individuals to approach the process of goal pursuit in a way that is problem-solving-oriented. Four studies ( N1a = 123, N1b = 169, N2 = 353, N3 = 118) were conducted to explore the positive relation between self-awareness and means instrumentality via heightened levels of problem-solving orientation. Studies 1a and 1b found cross-sectional support for the relation between dispositional self-awareness and problem-solving orientation. Study 2 (preregistered) replicated this finding and provided experimental evidence for the hypothesized mediation model. Finally, Study 3 found longitudinal support that dispositional self-awareness and problem-solving orientation predict self-reported means instrumentality and, beyond this, participants’ objective exam grades. This research emphasizes the crucial role of individual differences in self-awareness for an important self-regulatory process, that is, the selection of instrumental means in personal goal pursuit.

scholarly journals Restorative and Conflict Resolution Interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Rhonda N. T. Nese ◽  
Sara C. McDaniel ◽  
Paul Michael Meng ◽  
Lisette Franklin Spraggins ◽  
Victoria T. Babbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Peer Mediation ◽  
Restorative Practices ◽  
Effective Use

Conflicts between peers are inevitable in schools, and schools must be equipped with strategies to assist students in avoiding conflicts and engaging in problem-solving when conflicts occur. Restorative practices and other conflict resolution interventions such as peer mediation are gaining popularity, particularly as an alternate framework to the overutilization of disciplinary punishment with ethnic minoritized students. This chapter discusses the effective use of restorative practices and conflict resolution interventions, with an emphasis on establishing these types of practices in schools using best practices. Particular attention is paid to the role of restorative practices in a social justice approach to serving students and families in schools.

scholarly journals The Growing Importance Of Operating Employees And Keys To Developing Effective Training Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave McMahon ◽  
Jon C. Carr ◽  
Stephen A. LeMay ◽  
Jeff Periatt
Keyword(s):  
Training Needs ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
The Common ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
And Training

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study provides a description of the changing role of transportation operating employees, their competencies, job requirements, and training needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Four key findings for developing effective training options are discussed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The data come from 43 logistics organizations in 20 states using the Common Metric Questionnaire, formal and informal interviews, and a descriptive newsletter.</span></span></p>

High Performance Cognitive Skill Acquisition: Perceptual/Rule Learning

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rule Learning ◽  
Cognitive Skill ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Memory Overload ◽  
And Training

Two experiments examined the effects of inter-component consistency on skill acquisition in a class of cognitive demanding tasks requiring rapid integration of information as well as rapid application of rules. The role of consistency of external stimulus-to-rule linkage in facilitating the learning and performing of a rule-based classification task was examined. The present data have implications for the understanding and training of skilled problem solving tasks. When training allows the development of automatization of subcomponents of the problem solving activity, the chance of memory overload is reduced. The present data point to one such trainable subcomponent clearly present in most real-world problem solving situations - the perceptual and rule-based components.

The best practices to excel at people analytics

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Green
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
A Company ◽  
Personnel Policies ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Given its relative novelty, the field of people analytics remains rather obscure in terms of its success criteria. The purpose of this paper is to unveil some of the hidden secrets of people analytics. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the common characteristics of those companies who have already been successful with it in their operations to date. Findings These 16 best practices cover the role of the CHRO and the employees as well as HR’s general position within a company. Practical implications While not all of the 16 best practices need to be in place, incorporating a few of them will provide significant benefit to businesses and employees. Social implications While several of the best practices laid out in this paper directly impact personnel policies, they also all empower HR managers to be a force for good through optimised people analytics. Originality/value The paper presents a hitherto scattered set of best practices as forerunners in the novel field of people analytics.

scholarly journals A Study on Students Academic Achievement in Relation to Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence of M.Ed Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
S Rajeswari ◽  
S K Panneer Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Education System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Spiritual Ability

UNESCO has identified various tensions and crisis of modern society and suggested 4 pillars to be constructed for strengthening the education system. These pillars are: “Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to live together and Learning to be.”The importance of education has been realized by everyone and by every nation. It is quite evident that the strength of the country depends on the strength of education, which in turn depends on the strength efficiency of teachers and the process of teaching. According to Tagore, “The widest road leading to the solution of all our problems is education.” Intelligence is one of the main characteristics that results in individual differences among peoples. This has been attended by humans from many years ago (Bakhtiarpor, 2009). Although study about intelligence has focused on its cognitive aspects such as memory, problem-solving, emotional, social, and spiritual ability have been attended by authors. The role of intelligence tests in predicting academic performance that the effective psychosocial and mental sources has an important role in predicting academic achievement especially in the higher academic levels (Furnham, Chamorro, and Premuzic, 2004).

Il dialogo sociale per la green economy

2012 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Paolo Tomassetti
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Green Practices ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Variable Pay ◽  
And Training

This article is concerned with the role of social partners in shaping the green economy. By reviewing a number of best practices, the Author explores the strategic contribute of social partners in outlining the green agenda and driving the economy towards more sustainable pathways. Specifically, linking variable pay to green objectives represents an effective incentive for workers and management to implement green practices. Collective bargaining on green salary is therefore regarded as a key instrument in greening the workplaces. Moreover, the dynamism of the green labour market requires actions aimed at promoting vocational education and training, as well as anticipating future skill needs. In this connection, social partners are supposed to play a fundamental role too.

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