Epistemic Curiosity and Man's Higher Nature

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Beecher Little ◽  
James W. Creaser
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Rank Ordering ◽  
Epistemic Curiosity ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Stable Memory ◽  
Group 1

This study examines Gordon's thesis that curiosity is one of the drives associated with the kinds of behavior central to the development of culture, knowledge, and art or in other words the formulation of man's higher nature Two groups ( Ns = 26, 38) were given a pretest, posttest, and retest. Items answered correctly on the retest and not answered on either the pre- or posttest were used as a measure of the student's curiosity. Correlations were determined between the curiosity scores and scores for the Iowa High School Content Examination, scores for the Michigan Vocabulary Test, scores for stable and fluctuating memory, and scores for incorrect responses. Mean differences between the 10 highest and the 10 lowest curiosity scores for Group 1 and between the 14 highest and 14 lowest scores for Group 2 were significant. Rank ordering of scores (highest to lowest) showed that individuals with high scores for curiosity consistently scored high in most subject areas tested, possessed a stable memory, and made very few incorrect responses. The evidence seems to support Gordon's contention.

scholarly journals Prevention of Delayed Nausea: A University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Study of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27) ◽  
pp. 3389-3395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Roscoe ◽  
Charles E. Heckler ◽  
Gary R. Morrow ◽  
Supriya G. Mohile ◽  
Shaker R. Dakhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Community Clinical Oncology Program ◽  
Delayed Nausea ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Group 1

Purpose We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial of the following four regimens for controlling delayed nausea (DN): group 1: palonosetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with prochlorperazine on days 2 and 3; group 2: granisetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with prochlorperazine on days 2 and 3; group 3: aprepitant + palonosetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with aprepitant + dexamethasone on days 2 and 3; and group 4: palonosetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with prochlorperazine + dexamethasone on days 2 and 3. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy-naive patients received doxorubicin, epirubicin, cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin. The primary end point was average nausea assessed four times daily on days 2 and 3. Primary analyses were whether nausea control would be improved by using palonosetron versus granisetron on day 1 (group 1 v group 2); by adding dexamethasone on days 2 and 3 (group 1 v group 4); and by using aprepitant versus prochlorperazine (group 3 v group 4). Statistical significance was set at P = .017. Results Two hundred thirty-four, 234, 241, and 235 evaluable patients were accrued to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Adjusted mean differences for the three planned analyses were as follows: palonosetron versus granisetron: −0.01 (95% CI, −0.23 to 0.20; P = .72); adding dexamethasone on days 2 and 3: 0.20 (95% CI, −0.02 to 0.41; P = .01); and using aprepitant versus prochlorperazine: −0.03 (95% CI, −0.24 to 0.19; P = .56). Conclusion The addition of dexamethasone on days 2 and 3 reduced DN. Palonosetron and granisetron have similar effects on DN. The beneficial effect of adding aprepitant for control of DN was the same as adding prochlorperazine.

scholarly journals Return to Sport and Re-Operation Rates in Athletes Under the Age of 20 Following Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Risk Profile Comparing Three Patient Groups Predicated Upon Skeletal Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0005
Author(s):  
Frank A. Cordasco ◽  
Sheena Rachel Black ◽  
Meghan Price ◽  
Colleen Wixted ◽  
Lori Asaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Hamstring Autograft ◽  
School Grade ◽  
Second Surgery ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: ACL injury in the skeletally immature athlete has become an increasingly significant clinical problem in recent years. The high-risk population of athletes less than 20 years of age has the lowest return to sport (RTS) rates and highest second surgery rates following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the two-year clinical outcomes of three groups of primary ACLR in pediatric and adolescent athletes under the age of 20 based on skeletal age, school grade distribution and ACLR technique with a focus on RTS and incidence of second surgery. We hypothesize that the youngest (Group 1) and oldest (Group 3) cohorts will have lower revision ACL rates and higher RTS rates compared to the middle (Group 2) cohort of athletes. Methods: 306 patients less than 20 years of age underwent primary ACLR in the senior authors’ practice. Group 1 had 3-6 years of growth remaining and was comprised of lower and middle school athletes through 7th grade. Group 1 athletes received an all-epiphyseal (AE) hamstring autograft ACLR. Group 2 had 2-3 years of growth remaining and included predominantly 8th and 9th grade athletes. Group 2 was treated with either a partial transphyseal (PTP) or complete transphyseal (CT) hamstring autograft ACLR. Group 3 included skeletally mature high school & collegiate athletes treated with a CT ACLR using a bone-tendon-bone (BTB) autograft. Preoperative demographics, sport, mechanism of injury, intraoperative findings, RTS and second surgery data were collected. Athletes were followed for a minimum of 24 months with serial clinic visits. Results: The three cohorts included 47 athletes (15%) in Group 1 (mean age: 12.0 + 1.5y), 64 athletes (21%) in Group 2 (mean age: 14.3 + 1.3y), and 195 athletes (64%) in Group 3 (mean age: 16.2 + 1.8y). The rate of revision ACL was higher in Group 2 at 20% (13/64 athletes) as compared to Group 1 at 6% (3/47 athletes) and Group 3 at 6% (11/195 athletes) (p= 0.001). Group 2 athletes had a significantly lower RTS at 86% as compared to Groups 1 and 3 at 100% and 94% respectively (p=0.009). Group 2 athletes also had a significantly lower RTS at the same level 75% as compared to Groups 1 and 3 at 96% and 82% respectively (p=0.017). Using multivariate logistic regression, Group 2 athletes were nearly 5 times more likely to have a Revision ACLR compared to Group 3 BTB athletes (OR: 4.92, 95% CI: 1.19 - 20.34, p=0.028). Females were nearly 3 times more likely to have a contralateral ACLR as compared to males (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.09 - 7.34, p=0.033). Conclusion: As we hypothesized, the rate of revision ACLR and overall incidence of second surgery was higher and the RTS rate lower in Group 2 athletes compared to Groups 1 and 3 athletes. Group 2 athletes may be at higher risk because upon completion of their rehabilitation and RTS clearance process they are joining a cohort of competitive, now skeletally mature high school athletes who have not lost a year of athletic competition and development of sport-specific skills. Ultimately, the athlete’s skeletal age determined the choice of surgical technique, but the grade levels noted above demarcated the three surgical cohorts with only a few outliers. We believe grade level is important as this will most often dictate the level of competition that the athlete in question is exposed to after recovery and return to sport. This age and school grade risk profile is useful to counsel athletes and parents preoperatively regarding the expectations of surgery with regard to RTS and the risk of second surgery.

scholarly journals A comparative study of protaper and twisted file nickel titanium instruments in curved canals preparation

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Lima De ◽  
Giselle Nevares ◽  
Felipe Xavier ◽  
Ferraz Gominho ◽  
Albuquerque de
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Root Canal Instrumentation ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Root canal instrumentation is performed to achieve cleaning and shaping with maximum preservation of its original anatomy. However, in curved canals this approach may cause excessive damage or canal transportation. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in dentin wall caused by instrumentation of curved canals using two nickel titanium rotary systems, ProTaper and Twisted File. Material and Methods. Twenty five extracted human mandibular first molars with two separated mesial root canals were selected. Distal roots were amputated and 50 canals (25 mesiobuccal and 25 mesiolingual) were randomly assigned into two groups: group 1 - ProTaper, and group 2 - Twisted File. All files were used with torque control engine, following the manufacturer instructions. The final instruments were F3 (group 1) and #30/.06 (group 2). Pre and postoperative cross sections were obtained from coronal, middle, and apical portions. Changes in dentin wall were measured and evaluated using Bramante method and digital image software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney U test (p<0.05). Results. The ammount of dentin removed by ProTaper in cervical and middle canal thirds was significantly greater than with Twisted File (p=0.040 and p=0.043). ProTaper eliminated significantly greater ammount of dentin than Twisted File from mesial wall in coronal sections (p=0.039). Mean differences in distance from the center to other walls were not statistically significant in the middle and apical thirds of both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. ProTaper system produced greater changes in cross sectional area of the root canal compared to Twisted File system.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN LONCAT NAIK TURUN TRIBUN DAN PELATIHAN LONCAT NAIK TURUN BANGKU MENINGKATKAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI PADA PESERTA EKSTRA KURIKULER BOLA VOLI PUTRA SMA NEGERI 1 TEGALLALANG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Putu Agus Budi Sudarsana ◽  
J. Alex Pangkahila ◽  
Bagus Komang Satriyasa ◽  
Wayan Weta ◽  
I Nengah Sandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public High School ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the increase in limb muscle explosive power. The training was conducted with 5 reps of 3 sets over six weeks in the field of Tegallalang 1 Public High School starting at 17.00 WITA until completion. In this study using 2 groups, namely the 1st group given jump training up and down the stands, the 2nd group was given jump training up and down the bench. The sample for each group is 8 people who have met the requirements of the male volleyball extra-curricular participants of Tegallalang 1 Public High School. Data from leg muscle explosive results obtained from 3 jumps taken before and after training. The results obtained before and after the Group-1 training were 57.5 cm to 70.875 cm and Group-2 were 57.375 cm to 65.75 cm. Hypothesis testing uses an independent t-test at a significance limit of 0.05 (p <0.05). Based on the differences in the results of the intergroup test analysis using independent t-test obtained group-1 and group-2 for p = 0.935 which showed no significant difference before being given treatment with a p value greater than 0.05. Whereas after treatment the group-1 and group-2 were obtained at p = 0.007 which showed a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 groups with a p value smaller than 0.05. It can be concluded that jumping up and down the stands is more effective than jump training up and down the bench in increasing the explosive power of the leg muscles. For this reason, it is expected that sports coaches to apply jumping up and down the stands as an alternative in increasing athletes' explosive power.Keywords: Training jumping up and down the stands, training jumping up and down the bench, explosive muscle power.

scholarly journals The effect of transportation modality to dialysis facilities on health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients: results from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Yazawa ◽  
Kenji Omae ◽  
Yugo Shibagaki ◽  
Masaaki Inaba ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsuruya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Practice Pattern ◽  
Dialysis Facility ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Dialysis Outcomes ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background For hemodialysis (HD) patients, travel to the dialysis facility is an issue that can affect their quality of life (QOL), both physically and mentally. However, evidence on this association of transportation modality with health-related QOL (HRQOL) is scarce. Methods We conducted a cohort study among maintenance HD patients participating in the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study Phase 5. The study included patients who were functionally independent and able to walk. The primary exposure was the means of transportation to the dialysis facility, categorized into three groups, namely transportation by other drivers (Group 1), transportation via self-driving (Group 2) and transportation by bicycle or walking with or without public transportation (Group 3). The primary outcomes were physical and mental health composite scores (PCS and MCS) in the 12-item Short Form at 1 year after study initiation. Results Among 1225 eligible patients (Group 1, 34.4%; Group 2, 45.0%; Group 3, 20.7%), 835 were analyzed for the primary outcomes. Linear regression analyses revealed that patients in Groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher PCS and MCS at 1 year than those in Group 1 {adjusted mean differences of PCS 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–2.68] and 1.94 [95% CI 0.65–3.23], respectively, and adjusted mean differences of MCS 2.53 [95% CI 0.92–4.14] and 2.20 [95% CI 0.45–3.95], respectively}. Conclusions Transportation modality was a significant prognostic factor for both PCS and MCS after 1 year in maintenance HD patients.

scholarly journals Microvascular reactivity in type 1 diabetics

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Cristina Abi-Chahin ◽  
Moema de Alencar Hausen ◽  
Claudia Moraes Mansano-Marques ◽  
Vera Lucia Rabello de Castro Halfoun
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Transverse Segment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether differences are present in microvascular response to the schemia induced by dynamic videocapillaroscopy (VCD), through analysis of the measured capillar transverse segment area (CTSA) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: The vascular reactivity of the CTSA was studied by VCD, using a reactive hyperemia test in 61 volunteers, being 31 healthy controls without diabetes family history (Group 1) and 30 patients with T1DM without complications (Group 2). The images were captured every two seconds, during reperfusion after one minute induced ischaemia, and they were analyzed by the program Studio Version 8 and Motic Image Plus. The pre-ischemia capillary transverse segment (basal area, BA), the maximum strain post-ischemia (maximum area, MA), and time to achieve it (MAt) were measured during reperfusion, and the increased area percentage (Ap) was estimated. RESULTS: The mean differences between groups were evaluated by the t-test. The median comparisons between the groups were studied by the Mann-Whitney test. There was no difference in BA between the groups. The Ap was significantly lower among the diabetic patients, and there was a significant increase in the Mat among the patients of Group 2 when compared to Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that type 1 diabetes provokes earlier endothelial dysfunction, before the onset of clinically detectable degenerative complications. The outcomes from these alterations need further studies.

Psychological Anomie and Religious Identity in Two Adolescent Populations

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Gladding
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
School Sample ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Group 1

This study compared the differences, as measured by the Elmore Scale of Anomie and forced-choice questions on religious belief and school, between two groups of adolescents. Group 1 ( N = 112), a representative high school sample in a rural North Carolina community, had significantly lower alienation scores on anomie than Group 2 ( N = 50), adolescents referred to the community mental health center. Adolescents in the representative high school group who reported positive feelings about school and/or religious belief had significantly lower anomie than adolescents who reported negative feelings about these factors. Findings are discussed in terms of the meaningful identification a person may derive from having a connection with both an established system and a system of beliefs which are reinforced by the community.

Response Generalization in Two Categories of Classroom Behavior

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1167-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Classroom Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programmed Instruction ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Response Generalization ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Research has demonstrated that working behaviors and academic performance can be manipulated in classroom settings. However, generalization to one group of behavior when the other group is being manipulated has not been sufficiently explored. 19 male adolescent institutionalized delinquents were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Programmed instruction, and a script economy were the treatment conditions. Group 1 was reinforced for working behavior while Group 2 was reinforced for academic performance. Programmed instruction did not produce changes in either working or academic performance, while both groups showed increases in appropriate working behavior as a result of the script economy, with Group 1 showing the greatest change. A trend of improved achievement test scores was established for both groups, with Group 2 making slightly greater gains.

scholarly journals Modified tutorials in Pharmacology for Medical students using case based learning and multiple choice questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Sowmya Kaniganti ◽  
Nachiket Shankar ◽  
Satya Kishore Chivukula
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Group 1

Background: Active student centred learning is the need of the hour. Objectives being to compare the difference in the post test scores between students exposed to Case based learning (CBL) and Multiple choice questions (MCQ) (learning tool) during tutorials in Pharmacology for 2nd MBBS students. To understand the perception of students regarding teaching learning tools used in the study.Methods: This was a mixed methods study. Sixty eight students were divided into 2 groups. Hypertension and angina was discussed as CBL for Group 1 and as MCQ (Learning tool) for Group 2. One week later, cross over was done, Thyroid and Diabetes was discussed as MCQ for Group 1 and as CBL for Group 2. Post-test MCQ, pre validated questions (Likert scale) and open ended questions (qualitative) were distributed. Statistical Analysis: Difference in the post test scores in both the groups was analyzed using independent sample t test.Results: There was no significant difference in post test scores between CBL and MCQ groups. Questionnaire analysis suggested that both the methods provoked self-learning (45%). Thematic analysis demonstrated the positive experiences like motivated self-learning, clinical application, better understanding than theory classes and drawbacks being time consuming and fear of presentation.Conclusions: Since the study included both qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results can be elucidated comprehensively. This study implies that CBL and MCQ are effective and can be implemented into the curriculum of Pharmacology. This study can serve as an evidence to incorporate these tools in the curriculum.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mock Tests on Iranian EFL learners’ Test Scores

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Khodabakhshzadeh ◽  
Reza Zardkanloo
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
English Language ◽  
Test Preparation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
International English ◽  
Group 1

The effect of using tests in test preparation courses has been subject to debate. While some scholars such as Yang and Badger (2015) believe it is a cause of positive washback effect, others argue that this issue is tentative and context-bound (Green, 2007). Therefore, this study investigated the effect of using Mock tests in International English Language Testing System (IELTS) preparation courses on students’ overall IELTS scores. Fifty one IELTS students were selected non-randomly through the quota sampling approach out of 76 students at Mahan Language Institute in Birjand, Iran.  These participants were distributed into Group 1 (n=25) and Group 2 (n=26). A complete IELTS test was administered to ensure that the Groups were homogeneous and to serve as pretest. After 10 sessions of intervention, a different IELTS test was administered as posttest. The results of between subject analysis through independent samples t-test revealed that using Mock tests in the IELTS preparation courses can positively affect the participants scores on IELTS exam. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

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